International Journal of Science, Engineering and Computer Technology

Pages:100-103
Kuldeep Soni, Arohit Goyat and Monika (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

Adhesives play a fundamental role in many modern technologies, and adhesive failure can have catastrophic consequences. In packing industry, adhesive is used as an ancillary material. Different types of adhesives are designed for a large variety of applications. Some have very weak strength for holding papers in place, others are so strong that they can used for bonding cars and airplanes. There is no one adhesive that is suitable to all applications. It is, therefore, valuable to understand the factors important for the production of a good durable adhesive bond.

Pages:107-109
Bijender, Ankit Boora and Swati (Department of Printing Technology, G.J.U.S.&T., Hisar, Haryana)

Reproducing correct colours in printing has been a point of strong concern among printers. Matching colour with original is the need of hour. But small difference in colour is always in the tolerance limit. ∆ E in offset printing process should be less than 2 as per standards. But in the digital printing no much research has been introduced regarding colour difference (∆ E). Objective of this paper is to find out ∆E in dry toner based digital printing on gloss coated paper. A master test chart was prepared using various tint patches, high quality test images and quality control strip produced using i1 basic pro. The test chart was printed in Digital Print Application Laboratory, Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar on Richo India Ltd. Digital Printing Press. The results indicated that ∆ E in dry toner based digital printing is comparable to sheet-fed offset printing on gloss grade coated paper stock.

Pages:113-114
Arohit Goyat, Kuldeep Soni and Karanbir (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

In printing industry printer is expected to reproduce the identical replica of the original, both should be identical to each other in every manner. But practically, sometimes printed product does not satisfy the customer as colors printed, are not matching with original. On different papers, printed ink appears different due to quality of paper, color separation, etc. so in this project, study will be done on color matching strategy on various paper substrates in Sheet Fed Offset Printing Process

Pages:118-121
Arohit Goyat, Amaranand and Prateek (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

Earlier packaging was done just to deliver the product safely from producer to consumer. But, now packaging is done to delight the consumer as most consumers judge product by its packaging before buying. In today's scenario many companies are launching similar products. To compete in the market some value addition features are added to a package for brand identification & sale promotions. This project is about to study the various aspects & techniques to add value to a package.

Pages:124-126
Deepak Kumar Sharma and Dinesh. C (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

In the modern era, digital printing has been dominating printing process to print on variety of paper substrates. Electrophotography is one of the commonly used technology or method in digital printing process. The emerging trends in the field of digital printing take over the position of traditional printing processes which requires the scrutiny of the print quality parameters. The total digital controlling of the printing process gives a hypothesis of achieving the consistent print quality in all prints. This article is scrutinizing that hypothesis by conducting the instrumental (Techkon Spectro Dens Premium spectrophotometer) measurement of colorimetric and densitometric tonal values and quality parameters of the print on coated and uncoated paper which is printed on daily basis. The results show that the Delta E (colour variation) is higher in uncoated papers as compared to the coated prints. Solid ink density and print contrast of black colour has better consistency on uncoated paper and print contrast of all colours on coated are also subjected to the variations. The solid ink density of yellow colour on coated paper shows highest densitometric value consistency.

Pages:130-131
Deepak Kumar Sharma and Ruby Rani (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The print quality is more and more importance in the printing industry due to high degree of automation, competition and ISO certification of product and systems. The quality can be analysed in visual and instrument basis. If the quality is analysed visually, then it is the analysis of print consistency and if the quality is analysed instrumentally, then it is the analysis of quality consistency. Here the quality of the print is considered using a densitometer. Three quality parameters are considered here and the relationship between them are analysed. The result shows that the SID increases the Dot Gain and Print Contrast is also Increases and vice versa. But this relationship varies little higher and lower level as compared colour to colour. The practical experiment does not shows absolute relationship between as in the mathematical manner

Pages:136-137
Deepak Kumar Sharma (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)
Indian printing is booming at an exponential rate today. Printing is having a vast range of application for common people. There is a huge change in social, economic, political and market condition. This paper through light on printing industry scenario presently in India and future possible implication of it. This research paper is studied the future, scope, challenges of printing industry from the different angle. The paper shows that the Indian printing industry has a good scope in exporting of printed product due to very low production cost and good communication and technical skills as required. The importing of the machines creates high level competition in Indian printing machine manufacturing field. The important notable matter, a well quipped prepress machine manufactures are available in India.

Pages:141-148
Pankaj Kumar and Pankaj (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

In this era of ever growing awareness for consistent quality demand by consumers it is important to standardize the process so that outcomes could be consistent. For the same standardization of each process is needed according to the standard laid by the organisation working for the same. Though all countries has their own apex bodies for framing and regulating the processes, ISO (International Organisation Standardisation) is an international body which are framing and producing most acceptable manner for all countries ISO is global agency looking for and provided all types of standards. At the same time ISO has standards related with Graphic Technology by committee Technical Committee 130 vide No. 12647-4 for Gravure Printing. Finally we come to say ISO standards for Gravure Printing are respected and followed by all the countries and by all organisations having desired to produce global standards.

Pages:152-154
Manju Devi and Uma Mehta (Department of Computer Science, JCDMCOE, Sirsa, Haryana)
Images are an important form of data and are used in almost every application. Some applications cannot use images directly due to the large amount of memory space needed to store these images. Image compression is to reduce irrelevance and redundancy of the image data in order to be able to store or transmit data in an efficient form. Compression of images plays an important role in storing the images .in this paper. In this paper we analyze different types of existing method of image compression. Now there is question may be arise that how to image compress and which types of technique is used. Basically lossy and lossless image compression technique are used for compress the images.

Pages:158-160
Gaurav Singla (Department of Printing Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Printing technology has travelled in this innovative time so far since the time when John Guttenberg the father of printing invented printing moveable types. During this long period of passes the printing industry has achieved so many milestones. Time and technology lead to made further progress in this direction. In this age of scientific technology, the latest innovations have given birth to numerous technologies and 3D printing is one among them which revolutionized the entire world. The evolution of 3D printing started when the concept of inkjet printing came into realty. This technology creates a real object from a 3D digital design data by printing layer by layer. The key objective of this paper is to elucidate on various aspects of 3D printing exploring multi-dimensionally and touching new heights in this modern era.

Pages:164-166
Pradeep Kumar, Sukhdeep Vohra and Arun K. Sangwan (Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar)

For the screening of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes in and around Hisar, a total of 400 blood samples were collected from 7 blocks of Hisar district. Screening of sera from these samples by mAb-LAT indicated 95 (23.7%), 101 (25.2%), 84 (21.0%), 38 (9.5%) and 82 (20.5 %) samples as strong, moderate, weak, suspected and negative, respectively. Highest prevalence was observed in females and buffaloes above 8 years of age as per mAb-LAT.

Pages:179-185
Shaloo Kikan and Ashima Arora (Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mewar University, Chittorgarh and Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, North Cap University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

The image segmentation is one of the most important emerging part in the field of image processing that divides an image in segments for easy analysis of image. Several image segmentation techniques have been developed by the researchers for fine recognition of every segment of image for further processing like recognition ,compression. The level to which the subdivision is carried depends on the problem being solved. That is, segmentation should stop when the objects of interest in an application have been isolated .This paper presents a brief outline on some of the most commonly used segmentation techniques like threshold , Region based, Model based, Edge detection.

Pages:189-196
Sayed Fazlodin Jamalianzadeh and Mohammad Javad Nasr Esfahani (Department of Civil Engineering, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran and Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran)

Groundwater resources In Iran and many other countries which have similar climate are among the most important sources of water used in agriculture and as potable water. On the other hand, the lower contamination risk of these resources than the other methods of water extraction has boomed the use of such resources even in areas where the shortage of surface water is not felt. This research aims to map the spatial zoning of quantitative parameters including the surface and depth of groundwater and qualitative parameters including EC, TDS, pH, Cl-, SO4--, Na+, No3 and to evaluate the changes of those parameters during the study period (since water year of 2003-2004 to 2012-2013). Comparison of the maps of the spatial zoning of the groundwater depth during the period under study showed that in general the depth of water from the northern margin of yasouj irrigation network towards the south and from the center towards the surrounding areas is increasing.

Pages:200-203
Firooz Parvizian Ganjeh, Vahid Shahbazi Nia, Mehran Sedaghat and Saheb Tango (Department of Architecture, Dehdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehdasht Iran)

Today, in the whole world, because there are fundamental problems such as global warming, Air and water pollution, indiscriminate use of energy and its high economic costs, taking advantage of new technologies in sustainable architecture has gained momentum. New technologies, expansion of construction and the creation of new architectures and new ways of living. In the past, the best examples of sustainability, expressed in its cities have made. According to local ecological constraints such as water, development of appropriate and compatible with nature, save resources, use of local materials, effective and appropriate ways to survive, such as aqueducts windy and artistic use of water plants to mitigate air and create an air landscapes, creating gardens and flower beds in the yard, public spaces and around cities, All are examples of factors that are contributing to this stability. Urban Development today following the classic pattern of development and blindly following stereotyped patterns of urban development That is oblivious to the situation of indigenous properties not only in the cities has created an unstable situation But also the surrounding areas of instability have followed. All are examples of factors that are contributing to this stability. Urban Development today following the classic pattern of development and blindly following stereotyped patterns of urban development That is oblivious to the situation of indigenous characteristics - not only the state but also instability created instability in the surrounding areas as well as cities have followed. This study, review documents and library trying to study and understanding of new technologies in the design and manufacture In achieving sustainable architecture and also to get to know the architecture, emphasizing the use of new technology in building materials To eliminate the adverse effects on the urban environment and reduce energy consumption deals.

Pages:209-212
Anjan Kumar Baral, Nupur Tanan and Chetna Gupta (Department of Printing Technology, G. J. U. S & T, Hisar, Haryana)

Dot gain, solid ink density and print contrast are important parameters in every printing process. The main objective of this paper is to study of solid ink density, dot gain and print contrast while printing on Dry Toner based Digital Press on uncoated, gloss coated and matte coated paper. All paper tests were carried out in Avantha Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Yamuna Nagar. A test master was prepared by using various quality control elements (high resolution images). All above the three varieties of papers were printed on Digital Printing Press in Digital Print Application Laboratory, Department of Printing Technology (G.J.U S&T, HISAR). The solid ink density, dot gain and print contrast were measured using spectro- densitometer available in Department of Printing Technology. The result indicated the variation in dot gain, solid ink density and print contrast while print on a dry toner based digital press.

Pages:220-223
Manju Devi and Uma Mehta (Department of Computer Science, JCDMCOE, Sirsa, Haryana)

Due to the rapid growth of digital communication and multimedia application, security becomes an important issue of communication and storage of images. As the use digital techniques for transmitting and storing images are increasing, it becomes an important issue that how to protect the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of images. There are various algorithm which are discovered from time to time to encrypt the images to make images more secure. In this paper we survey on exiting work. Which is used different algorithm for image encryption It additionally focuses on the functionality of Image encryption algorithm.

Pages:231-234
Anju Godara and Pankaj Rathee (Department of Computer Science, JCDCOE Sirsa, Haryana)

In Wireless Sensor network (WSN) the energy consumed by the cluster head and other nodes for communicate to each other. Due to randomness property in cluster head selection, any sensor node can become cluster head and also form uneven sized cluster. The communication in WSN is made between CH and BS for data transfer. A large a number of sensor is effective for gathering the data in Varity of environment and sensed data is gathered and transfer to the base station for further processing to meet end user queries. In large size cluster, member nodes need more energy for data transmission. More number of clusters in sensing field reduces the cluster size as well as energy consumption of cluster members. It can increase data transmission from cluster head to base station (Inter cluster communication) that consumes lot of energy in the larger area network. A homogeneous sensor network consists of identical nodes, while a heterogeneous sensor network consists of two or more types of nodes organized into hierarchical clusters The network characteristics of existing classical clustering protocols for wireless sensor network are homogeneous. Clustering protocols fail to maintain the stability of the system, especially when nodes are heterogeneous. LEACH use Homogenous or heterogeneous sensor network and find the cost complexity .Simulation result using MATLAB are shows that the proposed Leach heterogeneous system significantly reduce energy consumption and increase total lifetime of wireless sensor network but the cost complexity is increases compared to homogenous LEACH protocol this show using some factors like magnitude, phase response, filter Information, round noise spectrum etc

Pages:238-240
Sukhdev Singh (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

Printing plays an important role in advertising that makes or sells products in the market. A product's package can be the sells more effectively if it is printed in a good and enforceable manner. If a sellers wants to sell his /her product to the consumers by delivering a good sense of good quality product while reflecting the product's brand image also he/she required advertisement. It is critical in retail sales, where the right packaging design can attract the consumer's eye and make the product stand out next to a rack of the competitor's product. This paper helps the individual to know about the importance of printing in advertisement in market on consumer behavior.

Pages:246-247
Amaranand, Arohit Goyat and Kuldeep Pannu (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The role of plastics and paper as food packaging materials is reviewed with a brief outlook on the historical background of food packages in general. The inherent properties of these food packages that should be considered by food processors are also discussed. The current efforts in meeting the needs of consumers in ensuring food's quality with prolonged shelf life during storage and distribution were highlighted. This review article also reflects on the emerging trends in lamination technology that address innovations on sealing, tearing and the use of green cure value for different conditions. The future of lamination technology is important in the food industries and their impacts on the environment and the society at large will continue to receive attention.

Pages:251-254
Bahareh Takbandi and Elham Asrari (Department of Environmental Engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad university, Estahban, Iran)

Disease caused by contaminated water affects millions of people annually. Therefore, clean water, free of toxic chemicals and pathogenic factors are essential for human health. The purpose of this study, the use of silver nanoparticles for the removal of E.coli bacteria as an indicator of pollution of water resources of drinking water in the system is Batch.This research is an experimental study to evaluate changes in pH, contact time, temperature, concentration of E.coli bacteria have been removed much of global nanoparticles. After removal of E.coli studies using silver nanoparticles with the effect of pH, temperature, contact time and the concentration is 100 percent.The effect of concentration on the removal of Ecoli of water, 500 ppm (0.5ml) silver nanoparticles to an optimal retention time of 1 day,the optimum temperature of 37 ° C and pH 8.5 considered optimal, the complete removal of water contaminated with E.coli bacteria was observed.

Pages:259-264
Narender Kumar (Assistant Librarian, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Present century is the witness of the revolution of information and communication technologies. The applications of ICT are omnipresent and capable enough to change the scenario and orientation of the academic communities and libraries also. Even, in the coming years, the library would be available into a single electronic chip which would be portable and access online and offline both. In the last decade, the production of the information and knowledge has happened beyond the expectations which leads challenges in front of the stakeholders that to manage, organize and mobilize according to the needs and demands of the Generation “Z” users. The modern user seeks information by hook and crook, ethical concerns do not matter. In the twenty first century, the contents are available in electronic form and accessible 24×7 throughout the year along with remote access. The digital contents under consortium are also the part and partial of ICT revolution and have been proved mile stone in the history of academic and research activities. Libraries are being strengthened after emerging consortium. NPTEL video contents and Library Networks enable the libraries to access round the clock. With this facility, researches are being conducted in different parts of the world and their results are being reached into grip of every concerned end user without wasting a single minute which help to extend the further research scope. The ICT applications allow to scholars to participate in ICT enabled learning strategies. However, to ensure the accessibility of libraries round the clock is still challenge in front of libraries and information resource centres. ICTs landed with some unique benefits, issues and challenges which need to be addressed so that maximum benefits may be taken from the applications of the ICT.

Pages:270-274
Amir Kiyani and Abdolreza Jafari (Department of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

Grass is one of the best cover plants that have long been known and is now one of the main and landscape designer is an integral part. By which we can change the face of the earth dry and lifeless expanse of green And fresh replace the soil. Because only part of the north of the country, other areas are areas in these regions due to deficiency of rainfall in heaven, Overuse of groundwater and saltwater intrusion into aquifers mantle sweet and management of irrigation leads to salinization of soils is bad. Considering the above limitations, salt tolerance study examined 10 varieties of grass Poa (Poapratensis), (Poapratensis), including "Ampellia", "Park", "Harmony", "Merion", "Crusade", "Nutop", "Balin", "Challanger", "Genome", and "Banf" factorial completely randomized design With three replications and six levels of salinity (0.3, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5) DS m was conducted on a farm located in Izeh. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivars, salinity and their interactions More on the index measuring the level of one percent difference is significant. Maximum chlorine aerial part of the "Crusade" and the least amount of chlorine aviation sector is also related to the "Harmony" was. Decimal study shows the correlation between the traits that increase the amount of proline in leaves, grass quality, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and water content of leaves significantly reduced And also increased the percentage of burns grass. The more sensitive data such production has been more proline. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivars, salinity and their interaction on the measured indices Have a significantly different level. Maximum chlorine aerial part of the "Crusade" was And shoot the lowest amount of chlorine is also related to the "Harmony" was. Decimal study shows the correlation between the traits that increase the amount of proline in leaves, grass quality, shoot dry weight, The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivars, salinity and their interaction on the measured indices Have a significantly different level. Maximum chlorine aerial part of the "Crusade" and the least amount of chlorine aviation sector is also related to the "Harmony" was. Decimal study shows the correlation between the traits that increase the amount of proline in leaves, grass quality, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and water content of leaves significantly reduced And also increased the percentage of burns grass. Proline production was higher than in susceptible cultivars of this species that could possibly.

Pages:1-5
Neha Sharma, Vikas Khullar, and Ashish Luhach (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CT Institute of Engineering, Management and Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab)

A major problem in medical science is attaining the correct diagnosis of anemia for precedence of its treatment. According to WHO survey anemia is one of the most commonly encountered medical deficiency during pregnancy WHO (2001). Here Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based diagnosis model is propose to determine the prospect for the anemia in pregnant will trained by using Back propagation (BP) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Algorithms will simulate using Python and their performance has been evaluated using accuracy factor. The performance comparison helps to determine the best model for diagnosis of anemia in pregnant ladies. Al-Shayea (2011); Gandomi, Yang, and Talatahari (2012); Mohaghegi, Del Valle, Venayagamoorthy, and Harley (2005).

Pages:9-13
Amaranand and Yadav Suman (Department of Printing Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale and use. Carton is the name of certain types of containers typically made from paperboard which is also sometimes known as cardboard. Many types of cartons are used in packaging. Sometimes a carton is also called a box. Cartons can be made from many materials: paperboard, various plastics or a composite. Some are "food grade" for direct contact with foods. Many cartons are made out of a single piece of paperboard. Depending on the need, this paperboard can be waxed or coated with polyethylene to form a moisture barrier. This may serve to contain a liquid product or keep a powder. Prepress is the term used in the printing and publishing industries for the processes and procedures that occur between the creation of a print layout and the final printing. The prepress procedure includes the manufacture of a printing plate, image carrier or form, ready for mounting on a printing press, as well as the adjustment of images and texts or the creation of a high-quality print file. In today's prepress shop, the form of delivery from the customer is usually electronic, either a PDF or application files created from such programs as Adobe in Design or QuarkXPress. Press sections in packaging industry cover all the operation occurs between prepress and post press section. We use different verities of board for printing, high quality of ink by which we print and different printing process to print. Postpress is a crucial part of any printing process even though it takes place after the actual printing, since it determines the final look, shape and feel of your printed product

Pages:17-19
Saneh Lata Yadav (K. R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Haryana) Manu Phogat (Research Scholar, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The Cross Layer Design approach is a requirement of current scenario of ad Hoc network and WSN due to its infrastructure less and hostile nature. All the nodes in WSN cooperatively maintain the connectivity. Although layered architectures have served well for wired networks, but they are not suitable for wireless networks. Today wireless network is doing well with advantages like flexibility, mobility, cheaper and faster deployment, easier maintenance and upgrade procedures. So, Exploiting the dependencies and interactions between layers has been shown to increase performance of wireless networking. The concept is known as Cross Layer Design. Different Cross Layer proposals are discussed here to find an energy efficient protocol.

Pages:23-25
Deepak Kumar Sharma and Nishan Singh (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS & T, Hisar, Haryana)

The digital printing technology is continues to grow and a lot of research is going on for the development of highly sophisticated printing machines for the suitability of all works. The lot of efforts is put into development of advanced and technologies and products. Here this research work is to extract and scrutinise the print quality of both FM screened and AM screened digital print and an analytical comparison between them. The result shows that FM screened digital printing has good or higher quality as compared to the AM screened digital prints.

Pages:29-30
Ravinder and Shammi Mehra (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana) Parmod (Department of Printing Technology, S.I.T.M, Rewari, Haryana)

UV Flexo inks are becoming increasingly popular in flexible packaging .The ever-increasing improvements in UV Flexo inks such as print quality; low ink maintenance requirements, no solvents, high press stability, and in-line finishing have all contributed to converters' decisions to switch to UV Flexo system. Recently, new UV flexo ink systems have improved efficiency and production. Hence, many substrates are coated with a primer to perform as adhesion promoter. Nevertheless, this additional coating are not always successful, increase cost to the convertor and typically do not mitigate the migrating effect of lubricating additives found within certain flexible packaging films. This paper will detail, in the absence of adhesion promoters, the effects of corona, flame or atmospheric plasma surface treatments on the adhesion of UV flexo inks to flexible packaging films Flexo printing first came onto the market in the 1960's and began as a relatively simple and low-tech printing method and today it has become a state-of-the-art printing method, requiring high-tech printing inks to achieve high-quality printing results UV flexographic ink system that provides excellent light fastness on a wide range of plastic materials for outdoor use. UV curable system has specially designed for application in Flexo Printing process.

Pages:34-37
Sukhdev Singh (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana

Print needs quality at everywhere in printing industry. Quality of a particular print depends on the ink density a lot. A density of a particular print is depends upon its viscosity. Ink density on a color bar, telling the press operator or the worker doing that particular job how to adjust the ink level. Proper density values are calculated in every ink zone using a color bar or other areas of solid single-color ink coverage. This paper helps the individual or the industry to know about the defects in printing their cause and remedies.

Pages:41-43
Parmod and Sunil Sharma (Department of Printing Technology, S.I.T.M, Rewari, Haryana)

The ultraviolet (UV) curing process is mainly determined by the desired application of coating. The intended end-product governs the substrate to be coated. The targeted properties like high-gloss hardness, flexibility, and resistance against chemicals or scratches have to be provided by the chemical formulations consisting of base resins, diluents, photoinitiators, and various additives. An appropriate selection of the components has to be done to enable an effective curing process; for instance, in coating containing pigments or UV light stabilizers, the special absorbance of the photoinitator has to be adjusted to a spectral region where the pigments or UV absorbers are fairly transparent. This fine tuning is necessary to match the characteristics of the lamp system with the chemistry of the coating to provide an economic curing process. Besides the physical properties of the cured material to be obtained, the economics of the coating process is the most important variable that decides the type of coating used. Thus , to calculate the total costs of a coating process, not only materials costs but the whole process design and the equipment set-up have to be considered to compare different coating processes.

Pages:47-53
Nishan Singh1, Hitesh Garg2, and Amit Singh3 (Asst. Professor, Somany Institute of Technology and Management, Rewari, Haryana1, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Greater Noida2, and Somany Institute of Technology and Management, Rewari, Haryana3)

Aim of this paper is to examine the utilities and applications of GMI (Graphic Measures International) for Colour management solution in Sheet-Fed offset printing industry. GMI is quite new in the field of colour management world and examining its applications will be quite informative and beneficial for all printers and customers as well as. Offset industry need to be standardized for wide range of customer acceptance. A number of print jobs were taken into consideration to examine the facilities provided by GMI colour solutions and how it can be beneficial for printers for long run.

Pages:58-60
Ravinder1, Shammi Mehra2, and Parmod3 (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana1&2 , and Department of Printing Technology, S.I.T.M, Rewari, Haryana3)

Printing and Packaging industry utilizes paper and paper boards to prepare packages for various products. The recycled fiber is a secondary raw material for producing paper and paper boards to be utilized in packaging. The fibers get degraded in each cycle of recycling and after 4-6 cycles of recycling the fibers get too short to make a paper. Manufacturing of paper itself emits a lot of VOC and then printing of paper with offset lithography, gravure and flexography adds up in the emission. Land filling of organic material has no future, most organic material requires burning of material to reduce its volume. This uses heat value and contributes to self supporting incineration.

Pages:65-67
Sandeep Boora, Anil, and Azad Singh (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

Packaging is the technique of using most appropriate containers and component to protect, carry, identify and merchandise any product. Due to ever increasing population especially the urban population and rising living standards of people the demands for the packaged dairy products are rising rapidly since the past decade. To meet these demands it becomes inevitable to preserve the products in safe and healthy conditions and this can be achieved only through proper packaging. As the shelf life of the unpacked dairy products are very short the only way to protect their hygiene and keep them safe from various environmental, microbiological, handling and transportation hazards is packaging. In this paper the study has been carried out to investigate about the factors influencing the shelf life of the curd in plastic cups and the possible measures taken to enhance the shelf life of the curd cups.

Pages:71-73
Gaurav Singla (Department of Printing Technology, G.J.U.S & T, Hisar, Haryana

The main objective of this research is to outline the importance of the planned rational activities involved in the recruitment and selection procedure of printing industry in India. As it has been observed since several times that many organizations offer jobs pursuit options to the highly educated graduates of the colleges through recruitment process (Barber, 1998). Prior studies have showed and analyzed that how the highly educated and efficient graduates job pursuit and choices are influenced by the recruitment practices of an organization (Jaidi and Yasmina, 2011).

Pages:76-79
Mehrdad Fazli, Masoud Nonejad, and Ali Haghighat (Department of Economy, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran)

The purpose of this paper is to estimate and analysis the effective elements on the process of the relative comparative advantage changes appeared from the subsections of the textiles industry of Iran and to determine its universal place from. The criteria for identifying the relative comparative advantage in this paper include the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). the index of employ end location quotation (LQ) EMP), the index of value added location quotation. The necessary information was obtained of the large numbers of the country through the management and planning organization of Fars province , the sciences and technology library, Fars General Customhouse, Fars General Business Office, The Center of Iran Statistics, The Business Studies and Researches Agency, the internal and external economic web sites such as WTO, Undo, Google, Yahoo, Msn, AltaVista, and, etc. referring to some of master's theses, some of international economic books, statistical yearbooks of the country custom exports. The outline of the obtained results is as follow: The country textile export (x1) has a positive effect on the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). The country industrial export (x2) also improves the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). The world textile export (x3) has a negative effect on the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). The country textile investment (x5) improves the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). The total industrial investment (x6) has a negative effect on the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). The total industrial value added (x8) has a negative effect on the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). The country textile value added (x7) has a negative effect on the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). The unavoidable costs or data values (x9) decreases the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA), but the real exchange rate (x10) improves the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). Revolutions variable (that is a Dummy Variable) has a negative effect on the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). The trend variable increases the index of relative comparative advantage (RCA). This analysis is eluded based on the normalized numbers of vectors.

Pages:83-85
Azad Singh1 and Tarun Singh2 (Department of Printing and Packaging Technology, GJU S&T Hisar, Haryana1, Department of Printing and Packaging Technology, SOET, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana2)

Packaging Technology is constantly evolving in response to growing challenges of a modern society that research more using in safe product, transportation and convinced to the consumer. The Smart Packaging is a new technology of Packaging which use in Packaging. Smart Packaging is able to indicates inform about a change occurred in a product. Packaging represents important evaluation in food products, Pharma product and cosmetic products. It is to ensure the safety and quality of every product. By keeping up with expanding technologies to assure freshness in everyday products, we design Smart Packaging solutions to enhance your Packaging line and identify which products are best for your application. Smart Packaging provides innovative approaches to fit Packaging by provide information, hazards analysis critical control point. This research paper tells about of the important of Smart Packaging.

Pages:90-92
Harmeet Singh1, Ashish Kumar Luhach2, Harjit Pal Singh3, and Vikas Khullar4 (Department of Computer Science Engineering, CTIEMT Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab)

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has always been the dominating technology serving an array of solutions including civil, defense and industrial monitoring, control and decision purposes. Routing decides for the communication to be effective or non effective depending upon the energy saving while transferring data packets to the sink. There are two modes of network; heterogeneous and homogeneous. Heterogeneous network has focused mostly on the cluster head selection. Sink mobility in the heterogeneous network has not been touched much, it is observed it makes the network much energy efficient. The optimization in the network leads to the stability of network at much higher level. In this paper, sink mobility is optimized using Honey Bee Optimization (HBO) technique in the network by considering the parameters of energy and distance. The stability period of the proposed protocol has enhanced to 33 % by covering 2928 rounds as compared to 2033 rounds of the iMBEENISH protocol. The network lifetime has enhanced to 15000 rounds as compared to 14084 rounds of iMBEENISH protocol. It accounts to the 6% improvement by proposed protocol.

Pages:96-98
Ravinder1, Shammi Mehra2, and Parmod3 (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana1 & 2 and Department of Printing Technology, S.I.T.M, Rewari, Haryana3)

The purpose of this study was to determine the Influence of primer coat on Solid Ink Density of metalized sheets printed with dry toner based Digital Printing. The results showed that there is high impact of primer coat on solid ink density of metalized sheets printed with dry toner based Digital Printing process. The solid ink density of metalized boards printed with dry toner based digital printing process was found slight higher in primer coated boards then the solid ink density of non primer coated boards.

Pages:103-104
Dhirender,1 Hitesh Garg,2 and Rajeev3 (Technical Officer, UFLEX Ltd., Noida, Uttar Pardesh1 Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Greater Noida, Uttar Pardesh2, Manager Punjab National Bank, Branch Office, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana3)

Printing process is a method used to print substrates with the help of suitable image carrier. Any single substrate can be suitably printed with many printing processes as per demand of the customer. New hybrid printing concepts also have given the printing field a new revolution which can print the substrates with the combination of two or more printing processes. Therefore, it is need of the hour to identify printing process with some suitable mechanism. This paper throws light on identification of different printing processes on the basis of print edges itself. A number of print samples were collected and with the help of 60-X zoom microscope the edges were enlarged. The identification and characterization of different printing process was done on the basis of enlarged print edges.

Pages:107-110
Sandeep Boora and Anil (Department of Printing Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Hybrid printing is only the panacea for the existing various crucial issues and problems in the printing industries and relatively a new concept which is gaining popularity day by day. Hybrid printing system is one which is not only exploring the print industry multi-dimensionally and but touching new heights of success also in this modern era with the evolution of innovative technologies. It is the inevitability of time from technological prospective to have a print system which can deliver the desired result in short span of time with the best utilization of 3M i.e. Man, Machines and Materials. This paper is intended to explicate the various dimensions and possibilities of hybrid printing system in different aspect in which conventional and NIP technologies are integrated for effective utilization.

Pages:114-116
Gaurav Singla (Department of Printing Technology, G.J.U.S & T., Hisar, Haryana)

Over the last few decades, globalization has evolved the management of several multi-national corporations (MNCs) in terms of integration and development. It has been viewed that the competitive advantage attained by the effective human resource management serves as one of the most valuable asset for the organization's success. At the same time a crucial part of any managerial obedience namely International Human Resource Management (IHRM) has emerged widely (Dowling et al., 1999). It is mainly due to the expansion of business across borders and integration through career development and people management. Hence in order to deal with this varied exposure, strategic arrangements and maneuvers are taken into consideration (Cieri et al., 2005). However the main aim behind the IHRM of global printing companies is to build a workforce which facilitates the company's success globally. According to Brewster et al. (2005) the above mentioned goal can be achieved with the help of IHRM strategies. To be more precise, these strategies are set of actions which help the organization to achieve their competitive advantage over the competitors present at both national and international level. In addition with the IHRM strategy, the internal issues of the MNCs should also be regulated and amalgamated with its overall aims, functioning and facility in a same way it operates in the external surroundings (Grant, 2008). A business strategy imposed on the human resource management serves as the association between its administrative center and the outside environment in printing industry as well. In an organization a business strategy ensures the functioning of innovative techniques and sustainable maturity so as to guarantee competitive advantage rather than market driven conventional advancements (Hall and Vredenburg, 2003).

Pages:119-121
Sunil Sharma1, Parmod Yadav2, and Hitesh Garg3 (Printer, Lok Sabha Secretariat, Parliament of India, New Delhi1 Print and Graphics Communication, SITM, Rewari, Haryana2, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Greater Noida, Uttar Pardesh3)

Colour management helps in correct reproduction of colour. A wide range of colour management systems already have been introduced and Press-Sign is the latest of them. Sheet-fed offset is production based industry in which the product has to be matched with standards using colour management software to check the deviations and to optimize the production quality. Single print job were taken into study and aim of this paper is to find various facilities and methods using which the production is matched with the standards using Press-Sign management system.

Pages:125-127
Anil1, Sandeep Boora2, Sachin Verma3, and Vikas4 (Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana12&4 and IMCMT, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana3)

Ink lay down sequence is a crucial aspect from technical perspective during printing which affects the print quality. The sequence of colors is very important for the print quality in the Sheet-fed Offset. This research paper delineated the variation in the print contrast of colors due to variation of different ink sequences. Although CMYK and KCMY are the standardized sequences for offset lithography but there are possibilities of printing by five different color sequences namely CMYK, MYCK, YMCK, KCMY and KYMC. To identify the effect of ink sequence in Sheet-fed Offset print quality, prepared a master and done printing in the local printing press of repute. After printing on Art and Map litho paper the result was analyzed.

Pages:133-135
Parmod and Sunil Sharma (Department of Printing Technology, S.I.T.M. Rewari, Haryana)

This research is concern with paper and ink interactions related to inkjet printing. The main purpose of this research is to a deeper understanding in which parameters control the flow of ink into papers and what will be the ink interaction with the paper surface here we have to find key parameters to optimize the print-quality in inkjet printing. The characterization of paper surface in term of porosity, surface roughness and surface energy. How the ink interaction with the paper light microscope imaging and SEM is used. A high speed camera is used to study the absorption of pricolitre sized inkjet droplet into fine papers. The research is done to see how surface fixation can affect the print quality for printout made with pigmented ink. The surface fixation increases the retention of the pigmented colorant in outermost surface layer of the paper. The applying colorant fixation onto a paper surface before printing can increase the detail reproduction in a printed image. In inkjet printing fat absorption of the carrier liquid into paper and fast fixation is necessary to avoid colour to colour bleeding. It is important to understand which papermeters affect the absorption process to control the mechanism and to optimized the print quality. A study of absorption of picolitre size inkjet droplets into fine paper was made in this research paper.

Pages:139-140
Hitesh Garg1, Amit Kumar2, Gaurav Singla3, and Dhirender4 (Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh1 Edelmann Packaging India Pvt. Ltd., Himachal Pradesh2, Department of Printing Technology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana3 Uflex Limited, Noida, Uttar Pradesh4)

UV based coating is becoming very popular technique to impart smooth finish for carton based packaging applications. But on the side pasting, the adhesives are unable to impart maximum adhesion due to UV coating on it. To avoid the problem, a grinder was used to make the side pasting more functional. Aim of this paper is to find out the influence of grinder on adhesion of side paster for carton based packaging applications. This will help printers to compare the adhesion strength of mono carton before and after applying grinding mechanism.

Pages:145-147<> Sunil Sharma1, Parmod2, and Sandeep Kumar Garg3 (Lok Sabha Secretariat, Parliament of India, New Delhi1 Print and Graphics Communication, SITM, Rewari, Haryana2, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana3 )

Paper and board has its own properties which make it suitable for printing in any press, but these properties changes after printing when paper comes in contact with ink as it goes through various processes. The mechanical and strength properties of paper reflect the intrinsic chemistry and structure of the paper. Strength properties can thereby serve as indicators of the permanence of paper and thus are backbone of printing. Careful monitoring of strength properties can also be used for finding out the changes on these properties. The objective of this study was to identify the changes in strength properties of paper after printing.

Pages:151-152
Hitesh Garg1, Amit Kumar2, and Sandeep Kumar Garg3 (Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh1 Edelmann Packaging India Pvt. Ltd, Solan, Himachal Pradesh2, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar3)

In printing & packaging industry, Sheet-Fed-offset has been popular and trending technique of printing since some decades. This research paper throws light on comparison of rub resistance on sheet fed offset on coated gloss paper printed with UV & conventional inks. To test the rub resistance & MEK some sheets were printed on art paper having line images, half tones and solid images with both UV & conventional inks. The samples were tested using digital scuff tester. The results indicated that UV inks printing has more rub resistance compared to conventional in through sheet fed offset.

Pages:156-159
Amaranand and Rakesh Kumar (Department of Print & Graphics Communication, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana1 Department of Printing Technology, KUK, Haryana)

The Indian paperboard packaging industry is growing at a rapid rate. Paperboard carton packaging is the need of the hour. Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale and use. Paperboard packaging found wherever goods are produced, distributed, marketed and used. Folding box board is one of the important types of paperboard which used in packaging. The used of folding boxboard carton is widespread because of the ability of this packaging format to satisfy the function of protection, utility, and motivation. Folding box board packaging are found in many places, such as supermarkets, traditional street market, shops and departmental stores as well as for mail order, fast food, dispensing machines, hospital, military, education and sport. These product packages attract the customer if the printing done on these package in good condition. Printing plays an important role in making the Folding box carton attractive. If any problem found related to printing it gives the bed effect on product package sales. These problems produce due to substrate, machine and improper working system, etc. With the help of this study it is found that the folding boxboard waste can be reduced if take great care on all these. The good printing quality attracts the customer and helps in increasing the sales of product.

Pages:165-170
Amir Latifi1 and Hamid Reza Fahham2 (Department of Mechanic, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran1, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Iran2)

A novel finite element capable of arbitrary cracking in solids under coupled thermo mechanical loading has been formulated and implemented into the commercial software package ABAQUS as a user-defined element. The thermal-mechanical augmented finite element method (TM-AFEM) is an extension of the Augmented Finite Element Method (AFEM) which includes temperature degrees of freedom (DoFs) so steady-state or transient temperature evolution and their direct effects on fracture processes in solids can be explicitly considered. The formulation incorporates a thermo-mechanical cohesive zone model (TMCZM) to account for load and heat transfer across the intra-element weak and strong discontinuities (i.e., material interfaces & cracks). A novel condensing method is used to express the internal DoFs, both mechanical and thermal, as explicit functions of the external DoFs. It has been demonstrated through several numerical examples that, the TM-AFEM can provide a general framework for realistic simulation of thermal fracture problems both at single elemental level and at structural level. The advantages of the TM-AFEM include: (1) arbitrary crack initiation and propagation without a priori knowledge of the crack path; (2) greatly improved numerical efficiency as compared to similar advanced methods such as XFEM or PNM because the TM-AFEM does not need extra external DoFs for crack evolution; and (3) the capability of accounting for multiple, complex crack evolution and interactions.

Pages:174-178
Sajad Mahmoodian and Hamid Reza Mortazavi (Department of Mechanic, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran)

Casting process is an important process for fabricating industrial parts that dates back to 4000 B.C., i.e., when man used this method for the production of jewelry, spearhead made of copper, and other tools that the process has rapidly developed in recent years. Casting process is classified to various types, such as die-casting, centrifugal casting, sand casting, permanent mold casting, and investment casting. Generally, the casting process is feeding molten metal into the cavity of the desired shape in a mold, followed by cooling of the molten and solid physical production. However, the main difference between these processes is different procedures for making a mold. In this thesis, regarding the importance of investment casting in producing complex parts with high dimensional accuracy, this process was investigated. Firstly, the aim of the project was thorough introduction of investment casting, design and construction of pattern, and production of a part by casting using various shell thickness parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the microstructure, mechanical and metallurgical properties of aluminum A356 in investment casting. In this research, the sample was designed in CATIA software with two different shell thicknesses and the investment casting process was simulated by Pro Cast. The simulation showed that the more the thickness of the ceramic shell is, the mold cavity is filled at a slower rate. After mechanical tests on samples, the results showed that the part which has been produced in the ceramic mold with higher thickness has more internal defects, because the high thickness of ceramic shell does not allow gases to exit through the pores of the ceramic mold. The trapped air causes the mold cavity. Therefore, it was concluded that in order to produce higher-quality parts, the minimum thickness of the ceramic shell should be used. However, it should not be considered to the extent that doesn't have sufficient resistance against heat.

Pages:183-184
Amaranand (Department of Print & Graphics Communication, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

In printing industry printer is expected to reproduce the identical replica of the original, both should be identical to each other in every manner. But practically, sometimes printed product does not satisfy the customer as colors printed, are not matching with original. On different papers, printed ink appears different due to quality of paper, color separation, etc. so in this project, study will be done on color matching strategy on various paper substrates in Sheet Fed Offset Printing Process