IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Page: 26-31 The present study looks at the impact of the changing environment on workplace well-being among MNC employees. The sample consists of 113 employees working in Multinational Companies in Bangalore, India. Changing environment includes the disturbances caused due to human interference in natural processes like climate change, greenery, infrastructure and traffic. A self-developed survey questionnaire was used to collect the data and the results showed that the climate change impacted the work stress, motivation and productivity moderately. Greenery and traffic impacted the workplace well-being very much and extremely respectively. The common response for infrastructure was that it impacted well-being very much. |
Page: 32-36 In the last few decades, rampant increase in the cases of violence against women is observed throughout the world. The state and civil society both have shown their concern for such cases and have also attempted to evolve measures to prevent occurrence of such incidences. It has been observed that the state, civil society and sometimes, even the feminist groups emphasize the need for introduction of stringent laws and its strict implementation to control the incidences of violence against women. But this approach seems quite flawed. Because if we take the case of India and other countries as well, we would find that though there are some gaps and lacuna in the existing laws but there is no dearth of laws to prevent violence against women. Still, the graph of cases of violence against women is alarming. One can argue that this is due to weak and uncommitted implementation agencies. Although there is some weight in this argument but there is a need to move beyond this legalistic and state-centric approach and to focus upon the deeper causes of violence against women like patriarchal social structures, gendered socialization and hegemonic constructs of masculinity giving validity to violent behaviour of men. The present paper seeks to investigate the relation between the construct of patriarchal masculinity and violence against women and to explore, how far undoing of this hegemonic masculinity and engaging men in the process of preventing and eliminating VAW would be a viable and effective measure in dealing with the situation. |
Page: 37-42 This work investigates acculturation experiences of Nepali immigrants residing in India and Indian immigrants residing in Nepal from the Indo-Nepal border areas alongside the eastern Uttar Pradesh border. The sample comprised of a total of 14 families 7 families from each nation. For the present study a semi-structured interview was demeanor to collect data from participants and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was taken into consideration. Thematic analysis was done to explore the consequences of migration in immigrants. It was revealed that there was an assortment of problems across different ages faced due to migration such as linguistic barriers, drift between two different worlds and cultures, developing segregation, ethnocentrism; diffuse identity while keeping pace between both cultures. It was found that there was discrepancy in views and opinions among family members in different perspectives after migrating to another country. A heavy burden is placed on the child who must serve as a cultural and linguistic broker while still in the process of being socialized to the culture of the parents as well as of the host culture. Immigrant parents are often involved in their own acculturation but sometimes must rely on their more rapidly acculturating children to assist them with their daily functioning. Thus, the present endeavor attempts to provide an understanding of the processes and difficulties experienced by immigrants across different developmental stages that could prove to be an important aspect of understanding their psychological and behavioral perspectives during adjustment processes and come out of stressors. |
Page: 43-49 The number of train accidents has been declining every year and the number of people killed and injured in train accidents has been declining day by day. In India after independence number of rail accidents 47. In this research, researchers have taken human death average of 50 and animals 05. It is examined that from the year 1951 to 1970 the railway accidents were a little bit increasing. But after1971 to 1980 the column was on is bottom of the graph. While in 1981 to 1990 the number of railway accidents was on its peak. Again from 1991 to 2020 number of accidents was medium. The reason for the medium number of accidents is because of GPS, Satellite, Mobile, and digital technology. The percentage of technology and the mechanical fault were more compared to natural causes and man-made causes and it was natural causes 17%, man-made cause's 17% and 66% technological and mechanical fault. The factors of man-made causes are terror attack and Naxal attack, the factor of natural causes flood and fog. The factor technological and mechanical causes are high speed and brake failure. From 1947 to 1951, the killing and injured rate is less. But in1981 to 2010 the number of Injured and killing rates is high. The reason for the increasing killing and injured rate are connected to the number of population increases, so passengers within the bogies also increase. While from 2011 to 2020 the number of injured and killing rate is less. The reason for less killing and injured rate in the 20th century are medical facilities, disaster management courses, technological improvement, LHB coaches, and strict laws and ticket checked. Apart from the data from 1947 to January 2022 more time periods can be added. |
Page: 50-54 The present research study was carried out to understand the relationship between feelings of injustice and Suicide Ideation with the moderating effects of Stress and Social Support. Feelings of injustice are consist of workplace bullying, harassment and discrimination. Correlational research design was employed for the study. A total 79 participant's data was collected using purposive sampling technique. Participants from the ages of 18-55 and currently working in Mumbai City were included in the study. In this study, The Chronic Work Discrimination and Harassment Scale (CWDH) (2011); Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) (2009); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (1983); Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (1988); and Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) (2014) psychological tools were administered to collect data. R statistical software used to analyse appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that Social Support moderated the significant relationship between Suicide Ideation and amounts of Bullying in the workplace. In that it reduced the prevalence of Suicide Ideation. It was also found that Stress moderated the significant relationship between Suicide Ideation and Bullying in the workplace. In that it increased the prevalence of Suicide Ideation. The results supporting the relationship between the rest of the variables were inconclusive. Possible reasons for these results are explained. Limitations and implications of research study and future research in the area is also advised. |
Page: 55-62 Homo sapiens who originated on this Earth, a few million years ago are the only known advanced intelligent race in the Cosmos. Being evolved with a hard-wired impulse for connection, these social beings are now forced to lock themselves in isolation to contain the infectious virus which is wiping out a significant number of this species. Adhering to the strict rules and regulations across the world prohibits people from having social connections, which will severely impair the mental health, affect the economy, and alters the societal structure. This article analyses the impact that lockdown and social distancing have on the mental health of the people and its long term effects on different walks of life. It also brings to the forefront the various societal changes that happened during the lockdown and analyses the probable changes that are yet to come in the near future. This article will also give a glimpse on the new normal in practice and will make the readers think / reflect on a longer time-scale about the society which is being reconstructed, and the succeeding impacts of changes that are being imposed in the society. |
Page: 63-69 Marital Attitudes and Expectations refer to an individual's thoughts, beliefs and approach towards the institution of marriage and relevant anticipations regarding the characteristics of one's own marital relationship. Adverse Childhood Experience insinuates one's exposure to intensive and habitual toxic stress or traumatic events before the age of 18 years. Family Relationship pertains to the degree of connectedness among the members in a household. The present paper aimed to analyse the association of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and the aspects of present family relationship (i.e., cohesiveness, expressiveness & conflict) with marital attitudes and expectations in Indian young adults. |
Page: 70-74 The Northern Capital Region (NCR) has emerged as a major economic growth engine in Northern India on the wheels of construction, services, manufacturing and sugarcane hub. The region has been facing drinking water issues due to rapidly depleting and contaminated ground water levels. Meerut being one of the NCR districts faces the twin issue of demand for water for both urban and rural growth. Consequently, the rural population in Meerut is facing the threat of contamination and depletion of ground water. As situation becomes grim in 5 blocks out of 12 blocks of the district, the State government has installed piped drinking water facilities in villages at a monthly user charge, which have been stalled because of unwillingness of villagers to pay for mandated user charges and the incapacity of the gram panchayats. Hence, this study aims to identify the factors behind the same by using scientific qualitative and quantitative research tools. |
Page: 75-79 This study was conducted to assess the effects of locale on the personality characteristics of the students measured in terms of big five factors personality. The sample comprised 250 rural and 250 urban students in the age range of 14 to 20 years belonging to Jaunpur U.P. (India) and studying in intermediate colleges. They were administered the Hindi version of big five factors personality scale. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The two groups differed significantly on all but one dimension (neuroticism). The results in general suggest that locale is an important variable which exerts differential effects on the personality of the adolescents. The results are vigorously discussed and interpreted and implications of the study are also underlined. In addition to it, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also highlighted. |
Page: 80-84 Dementia is a syndrome of a chronic or gradual nature where cognitive function deteriorates beyond what could be expected from normal aging process (WHO, 2017). Dementia among elderly people causes disability and dependency even for trivial tasks of daily routine. Therefore the caregiver's task is quite overwhelming, and leaves an impact upon their physical, psychological and economic conditions. A caregiver is a member of a family or social network that assists the patient with their daily activities. The aim of this research was to study the role of caregivers and their feeling of burden and competence in the task of caregiving. A total sample of 53 caregivers of elderly patients of dementia were selected by purposive sampling method. The sample was further divided as per gender and type of caregivers. Zarit Burden Interview Scale (Zarit, 1980) and Sense of Competence Questionnaire (Vernooji-Dassen, Persoon, & Felling, 1996) were selected as tools. The collected data was statistically analysed by using Student's 't' test. The findings demonstrated the important difference between the gender of caregivers with regards to the burden of caregiving. This was indicative of the feminine sense of caregiving as natural than in males. Similarly the findings in case of type of caregivers were significant. Closeness and intimacy in relations makes the task of caregiving less burdensome. Competence in the caregivers is seen more in males than females, children and other relatives are more competent and spouses have less competence levels as they are elderly people themselves. |
Page: 85-88 |
Page: 89-94 Homosexuality and the other diverse sexual orientations are given a considerable level of significance in the present era even when they are very minimally accepted. The fact that discourses are taking place in and around these concerns must be appreciated as that in itself is a great change within the cultural context of India. Based on the further need to explore about homosexuality and the determinants that influence the attitude of people about homosexuality, the present study tried to better understand the role of courses learned, gender, and religion of college going young adults on their attitude towards homosexuality, with a special emphasis on the influence of Internet Entertainment Use. A total of 234 students were included in the study, with a roughly equal percentage of STEM and Arts students. The Homosexuality Attitude Scale, established by Kite and Deaux (1986) and the Problematic Internet Entertainment Use Scale, developed by Lopez-Fernandez et al. (2013) were utilised in the study. The quantitative study concluded that there is no significant relationship between homosexuality attitudes and Internet entertainment use among young adults doing any academic course. It was also revealed that, as compared to male young people, females had a more positive attitude toward homosexuality, with religion playing no influence. Also, according to the findings of the study, arts students had a more favourable attitude toward homosexuality than STEM students. There is immense scope for further research works in this area which has also been mentioned in the report. |
Page: 252-257 Grief is a natural response to a universal event of death. Spousal loss can affect an individual's psychological, physical, and social state. To cope with this situation is very difficult 10-15% of grieving people extend complex reactions like depression, bereavement .included posttraumatic disorder, and prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Widowhood may be traumatic and the related personal variables, prolonged grief, and poor meaning in life in widows' life are associated with an out-sized range of unfavorable physical and psychological states, results as well as psychological distress, high rates of morbidity, and mortality particularly within the initial year of the death of a spouse. This study is designed to determine the level, age, level of education, time of marriage, number of children, occupation, and period of widowhood influence widows' grief and it extended to Prolonged Grief among young widows. A total of 247 young widows, ranging in age from 25 to 40 were selected purposively after consultation with the District Employment Exchange Officer and Director of KSSF' (Kerala Social Service Forum). One Hundred and fifty (150) widows met the inclusion criteria and 123 volunteered to participate in the study. With their informed consent, they were requested to fill up the questionnaire for the study. Among them, a total of 123 widows were having a moderate level of prolonged grief symptoms and a low level of meaning in life. Two instruments namely; the Prolonged Grief Scale (PG-13) and Meaning in Life Scale (MLQ) are used as assessment tools. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Pearson product-second relationships. All hypotheses were assessed at a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical package known as SPSS was identified for analysis. As with Pearson's equality, the Results showed that widows who received a moderate Level of Grief are very different from their strategies for correcting the goal of being a widowhood meaning in life, based on age, access to education, duration of the marriage, number of children, duration of widowhood and occupation. The overall result clearly shows that there exists a relationship between prolonged grief and meaning in life among young widows and is significantly correlated with PG-13 level. It was concluded that when the prolonged grief increases it leads to very low meaning in life. That is negatively and significantly related as shown by the analysis significant. Based on the findings of this project, appropriate recommendations are made, one of which is that counselors can systematically use the corrective strategies learned in this study to help widows cope with life's uncertainties. |
Page: 258-265 Nearly all countries are experiencing the effects of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. The spread of Coronavirus among people is also influenced by a wide range of economic, social, and psychological factors. Due to this, there is an active debate about how socioeconomic and psychological factors influence significant epidemic effects. In this paper, we show that the actual empirical model behind the coronavirus outcome involves only a handful of decision makers, but each decision maker is able to provide a reliable description of its various socio-economic and psychological characteristics. The reason for this varies between countries. To understand the relationship between potential determinants in the specification, we develop the coronavirus determinant space. The obtained map serves as a bridge between theoretical research and empirical observations and provides an alternative approach to the common importance of socio-economic decision makers when used to develop policies aimed at preventing future infections. |
Page: 266-270 Gender plays a challenging role in intergenerational relationships within the families in the West and in India too. Research highlights the emphasis on the social constructionist paradigm in the West and the psychodynamic perspective (emphasising inner family dynamics) adopted in India in order to understand and explain the gender differences in family exchanges. A synthesis of the two approaches may not be possible due to differences in methodology and variations in culture. However, such knowledge could stimulate research using different methodologies in different cultures for an in-depth understanding of the role of gender in intergenerational familial relationships. |
Page: 271-274 Depression is a developing mental health disease with a range of adverse effects and low psychological well-being among adolescents. Depression can be diagnosed and treated more effectively if individuals know the risk factors, symptoms, and consequences. Based on existing research, this research aims to emphasise these possible risks connected to depressive disorder, along with its symptoms and influence on adolescents' lives. A scoping study of depression's risk factors, symptoms, and effect on adolescents revealed valuable results. A review of the findings of studies on depressive symptoms provides insight into the importance given to depression. Its goal is to raise understanding about this severe mental health issue that currently affects a vulnerable population of adolescents. |
Page: 275-282 The behavioural trends amongst the older Indian population have drastically changed in the past two decades. Given the existing load of diseases and lower levels of physical activity among India's elderly, it is widely recognised that older persons are more vulnerable. This paper aims to understand the decadal differences in their health status and leisure-time activities engagement, which can be attributed to various contexts in which geriatrics dwell. A cross-sectional study was carried out using individualised data collected with the help of a checklist/fixed-response questionnaire to determine the differences between the prevalence of ailments and the leisure-time activity engagement on two cross-sections, i.e., 2001 and 2021. Total 410 individuals over the age of 60 were included in the study during the course of its duration (200 males; 210 females). Descriptive and inferential analysis shows that time trends in ailments (10 out of 29) and leisure-time activities (17 out of 23) for samples A & B are significantly different at .05 and .01 levels of significance (denoted by p < .05 & .01). This study demonstrated that the two major dimensions of quality of life have improved with fewer ailments and more involvement in leisure-time activities. In conclusion, current demographic trends combined with rising urbanization and lifestyle changes have resulted in a slew of challenges for the elders in India. Although this study has mostly focused on the transitions in the elderly world, it is important to note that improvement in the quality of life of the elderly requires a comprehensive strategy and coordinated efforts from the health-related sectors. |
Page: 283-287 A careful review of the contemporary literature on colonialism brings certain disciplines at the forefront, namely history, political science, sociology, and economics. Our aim here is not to undermine such scholarly attempts at unfolding the complex phenomenon of colonialism. However, we are here more concerned about the issues related to self and identity and their psychological consequences. Accordingly, we believe that European territorial expansion could also be looked upon from a perspective rooted in psychological science. In the same spirit, first, it is argued here that one should go beyond the reductionist terms like economic exploitation or political domination while conceptualizing colonialism. It may be interpreted in the light of a 'psychological contract between the ruler and the ruled (Nandy, 1983)'. Second, social identity approach provides, as we believe, a promising theoretical alternatives so as to understand the colonial society, and its dynamism in the Indian context, in a different way. |
Page: 288-291 Relatively in a short period, Clinical Psychology has become the science of all the sciences and has been integrated into health, rehabilitation, and education, etc. It has a great opportunity to get employment and to start own private practice. The country has a shortage of clinical psychologists. Nearly 40 institutes are recognized by the Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) that are producing nearly 400 candidates each year including M.Phil and Diploma in Rehabilitation Psychology, M.Phil and Diploma in Clinical Psychology. Surprisingly, so far only about one thousand five hundred qualified candidates are registered with the RCI. Despite the growth of the profession, there have been certain challenges in the field. These challenges are, (1) debate about the nomenclature of the degree that is awarded by the university. It started with a diploma in medical psychology (DMP), then, DMSP (Diploma in Medical & Social Psychology), to M.Phil Clinical Psychology. M.Phil Sounds as One Year Course of the Universities with 500 hours teaching training. Whereas, RCI-MPhil is a two-year course with long working hours and with minimum holidays and off days, (2) how to fill the gap in demand and supply of clinical psychologists, (3) autonomy in the field for administrative and planning decisions, (4) right of prescription privilege. These issues are discussed, and some solutions are suggested. |
Page: 292-295 The relationship between life satisfaction, optimism, and self-efficacy, as well as their unique variance in predicting life satisfaction among married couples, was investigated in this study. The data was collected through purposive sampling, with a total sample size of 250 married males and females. Pearson correlation, t-test, and regression were used to analyse data, and the results were discussed accordingly. According to the findings of this study, life satisfaction, optimism, and self-efficacy all have a significant relation. Males and females differ significantly in terms of life satisfaction, optimism, and self-efficacy. Optimism and self-efficacy together explained 9.3% of the variation in life satisfaction. |
Page: 296-299 Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood and plays a decisive role in the formation of prosocial/antisocial adult. All of us undergo this stage which poses many challenges and is full of excitement. At the same time it demands adjustment on many fronts. When we come to this world we are completely dependent upon others and learn gradually to be independent. In India, the adolescents do most of the work themselves but the final decision regarding various domains of life is taken by their parents. Parental supervision, monitoring, support has a major role in coping up with these challenges. |
Page: 300-304 Social work practice in psychiatric setting is crucial issue with reference to mental hygiene. Our present psychiatric setting there is so many psychiatric social work practitioners playing their role for the exploration of social psychological problems. These problems have been emerging due to transformation of joint family system into nuclear family system. In which all the family members want to abide according to their own develop new conventional norms rather than old traditional norms of 19th century resulting they want to prefer to live own life style, i.e., individual forms of style without any interference of the family members. But sometime these members have not been accepting the present situation ultimately suffering from the problem of normal behavior due to conflicts with the members of family. These conflicts have requirement of social work practice to examine the nature of interpersonal conflict in mental health problem of individual (client) for the management of his/ her social problem through the counseling method and there after the client could become normal in the society. The social work practice has one of the part of the counseling model under which they try to involvement of the client and understanding their nature of interaction brake down with the family members and make the line of action plan to solve the problem of the individual where he / she is living in the defective family environment by which they are suffering from mental health problem. |
Page: 305-310 The deteriorating effects of loneliness on physical and mental health are well known. With the pandemic increasing social disconnectedness beyond measure, the debilitating effects of loneliness are being increasingly recognised. While loneliness among older adults has been extensively researched, fewer lines of research have explored the impact of loneliness among young adults in spite of it being termed an epidemic. The present research aims to fill this gap by studying the impact of loneliness on the quality of life among young adults (N=290). Loneliness levels were found to be high irrespective of gender and family structures. The results also showed a negative, significant correlation between loneliness levels and quality of life across physical, psychological, social and environmental domains of health. The findings demonstrate the need for immediate action towards building social support in a world where technology and social isolation have resulted in the dwindling quality of relationships. |
Page: 311-314 The study was conducted to examine the significant differences on measures of aggression and peer pressure among Juvenile Delinquents and normal adolescents. To fulfill the major objective of the study, a sample of 100 male participants (50= Normal Adolescents & 50= Juvenile Delinquents) with age range from 14 to 18 years was included in the study. All participants were administered Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Warren, 2000) and Peer Pressure Scale (Rana & Saini, 2010) by applying the rules of respective manual. Descriptive statistics (Mean, SD, SK, KU) and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics depicted the normalcy of data distribution except some minor discrepancies. t-test revealed that juvenile delinquents significantly scored higher on the four dimensions of aggression, i.e., physical aggression, anger, hostility, indifference and revealed no difference on the dimension of verbal aggression as compared to normal adolescents and Juvenile delinquents significantly scored higher on the variable of peer pressure in comparison to normal adolescents. Obtained findings depict subjects who scored high on aggression and peer pressure tends to be high on delinquency. Related review of literature also supports the findings of present study. |
Page: 315-319 Various research found a negative relationship between adolescent mental health issues and life satisfaction. During adolescence, gender differences in well-being grew more prominent. Thus, gender is also a significant factor. The study examined the relationship between mental health issues and various aspects of adolescent life satisfaction. The study also examined the impact of gender differences in mental health and life satisfaction. This research used a cross-sectional correlational research design. This research included 400 adolescent boys and girls (200 boys & 200 girls) ranging in age from 15 to 19 years. To assess the target variable, the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale and the General Health Questionnaire were used. In the light of the reviewed literature, it was assumed that there would be gender differences regarding mental health issues and life satisfaction. It was also assumed that various domains of life satisfaction would be negatively correlated with mental health issues. Descriptive analysis revealed that mean scores for boys and girls were more or less equal for various domains of life satisfaction and mental health issues except for social dysfunction scores. Correlational analysis revealed that life satisfaction was negatively related with mental health issues among boys and girls. According to the results of the regression analysis, overall life satisfaction was found to be a strong predictor of the majority of mental health concerns among adolescents. The present study indicated the significance of mental health in the life satisfaction of adolescent children. Further research may establish a causal relationship in understanding the association between mental health issues and subjective well-being. The findings also aid in the development of intervention programmes for adolescents to improve their mental health status and well-being, as well as in the prevention of mental illnesses. |