IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Page: 320-323 During the 1950s, village studies in India were at their peak. Many prominent scholars developed concepts based on village studies in order to comprehend the intricacy of Indian civilization. These concepts undoubtedly simplified the understanding of functioning of Indian society at large. On the basis of village studies undertaken by Srinivas, the concept of Dominant Caste was developed over time by him. The concept was proposed in order to understand India's social system at its grass root level. This paper is based on the micro study of the village Mogalpara of Jharkhand in eastern India and tries to highlight one of the elements of dominance, namely, numerical power, in the context of contemporary Indian society. |
Page: 324-328 Trust is the prerequisite condition for the satisfactory and stable relationship among the couples. Trust and marital satisfaction are more in love married couples or in arrange married couples? To answer this question the present study was planned. The present study examined the level of Trust and Marital Satisfaction among Love and Arrange married couples. Moreover, Gender differences were also studied. Total of 112 participants were there in the present study (n1= 28 love married couples, n2= 28 arrange married couples). Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (Fowers & Olson, 1993) and Trust Scale (Rempel, Holmes, & Zanna, 1985) were used to measure the constructs. The marital age of the sample ranged from 5-10 years to see the trust and marital satisfaction. Data was analysed using 2-way ANOVA and Spearman Correlation. The result of this study showed a significant difference on the variables Trust and Marital Satisfaction among Love and Arranged married couples. Also, significant gender differences were found in relation to trust and marital satisfaction among love and arrange married couples. |
Page: 329-332 “Terrorism is intermittently contended to be the result of poverty and impoverished levels of economic development in the nations”. Examining the distribution of terrorist attacks and casualties due to terrorism across the states of India, the research paper states that the terrorism does not solely arise due to low or poor economic development but instead it is infuriated by the unsettled and inadequately managed political clashes/combats. Impoverished states in India are not inevitably much more inclined over terrorism, but states which have distinguished as well as insufficient focus upon the political disputes surely undergoes huge amount of terrorist activities. This study analyses the five reasons for inducement of the political clashes that eventually lead to terrorism in India which are: Ethnic clashes, Communal clashes, existence of scheduled caste and tribes, immense population growth and the concept of the stateless areas. |
Page: 333-337 Ageing is a natural process and universal phenomenon. The world's population is ageing, and every country, including India, is seeing an increase in their geraitric population. Approximately 10.1 percent of India's population is over the age of 60. This shift in demographics carries with it a plethora of new challenges to which our country must immediately adapt. The fundamental purpose of this research paper is to gain an understanding of the issues and challenges faced by the geriatric population in India through a psycho-legal perspective. The issues that have been taken into consideration include physiological, economic, social and psychological problems. It also gives a rundown of a variety of government and non-government programmes and initiatives focused at aiding senior citizens. The paper addresses legal structures and how they contribute to the elderly population's well-being. The study concludes with recommendations that could be a useful next step forward, keeping in mind the importance of immediate action on the part of the government, NGO's, researchers and the community. |
Page: 338-346 The Persons with Disabilities (PwD) emerged as the most vulnerable sections of population, during the COVID-19 crisis in India. The response of the state towards ameliorating the disparaging effects of the pandemic on PwD was perceived to be inadequate considering that the needs of individuals living with disability vary greatly depending on type and degree of disability. In India, rehabilitation institutions working with PwD had long departed from exclusive reliance on state-sponsored welfare funding to securing funds through external sources like philanthropy. However, the self- professed sustainability of private funding was affected by the pandemic, and the period following the lockdown saw rampant cuts in allocation of finances meant for social welfare on account of poor business outlook and diversion of funds towards COVID-19 relief. The actions have affected PwD living in institutionalized settings, which have depended on external sources for funding. In the first-quarter of financial year 2020- 21, the institutions had reported to facing considerable restraint in arranging funds to meet everyday expenses and healthcare needs of the 'cared', while retrenching care-givers and support staff due to inability to pay wages, leading to a situation of mismanagement in care-giving. Through this paper, the authors argue for allocation of sustainable and long-term investments in ensuring welfare of PwD through adopting an inclusive and responsible approach to social spending, as opposed to sporadic and inconsistent funding patterns that only serve to address short-term concerns of disability institutions. |
Page: 347-348 Porphyria mimics a variety of disorders and poses a diagnostic predicament. Patients develop psychiatric symptoms such as psychosis similar to schizophrenia. This research paper aims to study this diagnostic difficulty which leads to under diagnosis of patients who present strictly with psychiatric symptoms. This assumption is supported by a high prevalence of acute porphyrias in psychiatric hospitals. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for porphyriacs in psychiatric hospitals should be encouraged. |
Page: 349-359 Single women face many challenges in the patriarchal society, making the role of social support very critical for their positive adaptation. Social support is a protective factor promoting the well-being of an individual and is received through various levels, types, and from various sources. The present study examines whether the levels, types, and sources of social support predict psychological distress, happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience among single women. A sample of 300 single women (divorced, widows, & separated women) in the age group of 25 to 60 years (M = 39. 82 years, SD = 7. 83) were administered self-report measures of levels of social support, types of social support, sources of social support, psychological distress, subjective happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were carried out to analyze the data. The levels of social support were positively correlated with subjective happiness and life satisfaction, but negatively correlated with psychological resilience. Types of social support did not significantly predict any of the outcome variables. Family support negatively predicted psychological distress, and positively predicted subjective happiness and life satisfaction. Friends support negatively predicted psychological distress and positively predicted subjective happiness and life satisfaction. Significant others' support positively predicted psychological resilience. These findings highlight the roles of various levels of social support, types of social support, and sources of social support as resources that promote the positive adaptation of single women to the challenges of everyday life. The implications of the findings for policy, practice, and research are also discussed. |
Page: 360-363 Folk artists bear the deep cultural value of a geographical land. The folk cultural contemplation is maintained by the contributions of the loko-Shilpi. Sporadic loko-Sanskriti are present in rural Uttar Dinajpur and which is nourished by folk artists. The folk artists are the historical benchmarks of a geographical land. the local economy, market, development, regional identity, livelihood, culture, aspiration, tourism, thinking, demands, food habits, kinship all are influenced by folk culture and the folk performance of the loko-Shilpi. Before the partition of the Bengal Dinajpur was the heath of loko-Sanskriti cultivation. Again, after the partition of undivided Bengal and the emerging of Uttar Dinajpur district, a number of folk artists are maintaining their ancestral folk culture and folk-Shilpa. In the influx of globalization, folk artists are facing an identity crisis. their economy is facing challenges. But in respect of cultural conservation and the protection of the historical arts, Shilpa, knowledge, traditional technique, traditional culture, folk tales, folk myth, folk proverbs, the folk artists and their folk contributions should be maintained properly. Because historically folk artists have deep cultural contributions to sustain the identity of the community, land, culture, etc. In Uttar Dinajpur district, there are lots of folk artists are maintaining their historical as well as a geographical folk culture through their folk performances like Srimanta Deva Sharma, Ganesh Rabidas, Montu Poddar, Batu Basak, Sushil Sheel, Tapan Chakraborty, Sachindranath Sarkar, Sushil Malakar, Sachin Babu, Paresh Das, Gokul Chandra Das, Haripada Pal, Samaresh Roy, Abu Taher, and Sahadat Hussain. |
Pages: 136-141 Burnout garnered significant global attention and World Health Organization has recently included it in the 11th edition of ICD. Burnout adversely influenced students' overall functioning and performance. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of an intervention program to reduce the symptoms of burnout and improve the well-being of college students. Conklin's program development model was utilized as a method in the development and testing of intervention. Study Burnout Inventory (SBI) and Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well-being (RSPW) were employed as the research instruments. Interviews and focus group discussions were carried out to acquire an in-depth understanding of the issues of students. Mindfulness-based cognitive theory and positive psychotherapy were integrated into the intervention development. The intervention program was evaluated by interdisciplinary experts before the pilot study. The seven modular Mindfulness-based Self-processing Intervention (MSI) program administered in five weeks on a three hours session per module showed a statistically significant difference between the pre and post-test scores of the participants. The pilot study using MSI resulted in reducing burnout leading to enhancement of psychological wellbeing. The study confirmed that the concepts and the structure of the modules of Intervention are reliable and viable for testing on a larger group of students with symptoms of burnout. |
Pages: 142-145 Unwed pregnancy can have a devastating and long-term effect on a person's life. It will have a detrimental impact on unmarried mothers' physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being in their everyday lives. It could cause additional problems if left ignored. It can lead to a poor degree of psychological well-being, resulting in mental depressive symptoms. The researchers formulated a Mindfulness-based Depression Reduction (MDP) program after seeing the need to improve psychological well-being. It is based on mindfulness methods and the integral approaches of the cognitive model, well-being theory, and Meaning theory. Seven experts from mental health evaluated the program. The feasibility test was conducted among eight unwed mothers, having a low level of psychological well-being and moderate depression. The participants had a higher degree of psychological well-being and less depression as a result of the test. |
Pages: 146-151 The present study reports the percentile norms for the Sleep Quality Scale to differentiate between good sleep from various degrees of severity of sleep disturbances and its effects on depressive symptoms and worry. The sample consisted of 20 to 67 years old 200 participants from Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh and they were individually administered Sleep Quality Scale, BDI-II and Pennsylvania Sate Worry Questionnaire. On the basis of 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles, the participants were categorized into four groups of (i) Good sleep, (ii) Mild sleep disturbance, (iii) Moderate sleep disturbance, and (iv) Severe sleep disturbance. The mean sleep quality values of the four groups showed sleep disturbance in an increasing order. No significant gender and age differences appeared in sleep quality of four groups. The participants with various degrees of poor sleep quality displayed significantly increasing levels of depressive symptoms and worry in comparison to participants with good sleep. The significant interaction effects of 'groups of sleep quality X gender' on depressive symptoms revealed that severe sleep disturbance had significantly more effects on depressive symptoms in women than in men. |
Pages: 152-158 The present research work emanates from an autoethnographic tradition and is an attempt to explore the mechanisms of reproducibility of gender stereotypes in the life events of the researcher. The ontological and epistemological assumptions of the present work unfold into the paradigm of social constructionism. The data procuring modalities are the personal narratives of the researcher collected over a period of time. Reflexive Thematic Analysis Framework is applied for Data Analysis. The conceptualized themes include the vicious cycle of self-consciousness, self-sanctioning to prove group allegiance, Identity as an adaptation to socio-cultural and historical context and education as means of producing better home makers amongst others. They represent how mostly unconsciously and sometimes even consciously we opt to act in accordance with these stereotypes. The implications of the present work lie in generating awareness about the underlying mechanisms and curbing the resulting discriminatory practices from the same. |
Pages: 159-163 Learners' perception about the task-based approach is an important area of study as students are major stakeholders in new approaches of teaching, and therefore, their opinion and perceptions can help in a better understanding of an approach. Usually, in many developing countries, including India, teacher-centred approaches are followed in teaching English as a second language, leading to ineffective development of learners' communicative skills. The task-based approach has been used in many countries around the world effectively to develop the communicative skills of the second and foreign language learners. The studies have reported the effectiveness of task-based approach and have even discussed the approach from the point of view of teachers. Some studies have particularly collected feedback from the learners to know about their experience in the task-based approach. The present review is an analysis of eleven studies based on the perceptions of students towards task-based approach. This analysis adds to the existing literature by pointing out the positive and negative aspects of TBLT from learners' point of view. |
Pages: 164-172 Transgenders face multiple challenges and are at high risk for psychosocial adaptation. This underlines the importance of resilience research in this population. Positive psychology provides a useful framework for investigating the role of an individual's basic human qualities in coping with difficult life events or situations. The present study focuses on examining the factors contributing to resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction among transgenders. The participants were recruited from different regions of a mid-sized city in South India. A convenient sample of 330 transwomen in the age group 18 to 55 years was selected. The participants completed self-report measures of virtues of character strength, perceived social support, community belongingness, resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were carried out to find the best predictors of resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction. Wisdom and knowledge, justice, courage, humanity, and transcendence positively predicted resilience. Wisdom and knowledge, courage, humanity, transcendence, friends support, and community belongingness also positively predicted happiness. Wisdom and knowledge, justice, humanity, transcendence, friends support, and significant others support positively predicted life satisfaction. Further, courage and community belongingness negatively predicted life satisfaction. It is intriguing to note that temperance did not significantly predict resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of character strength virtues, social support, and community belongingness that can serve as individual personal resources to thrive in adverse conditions. Future research should focus on developing interventions for transgenders at individual, group, and community levels. |
Pages: 173-178 Child sexual abuse (CSA) remains one of the most pressing and far-reaching issues in India today. The trauma resulted from the sexual abuse can contribute to numerous adverse effects on children throughout their whole lifespan. In most cases, the child sexual abuse is not reported and the child is not provided with adequate therapeutic and protective assistance. And as a result, the child has to suffer alone in silence. The main aim of this paper is to discuss and evaluate the nature and all the significant aspects of child sexual abuse in the perspective of Rational Choice Theory. It aims to explore how familial and socio-cultural risk factors are associated with child sexual abuse. The paper will also discuss the ascending growth in the number of child sexual abuse in India during the Covid-19 and provide an overview of the studies done on child sexual abuse during the pandemic. Data for this paper were collected from the incidents of child sexual abuse reported in the newspapers, therefore all the data are secondary. The approach of the research is pragmatic and descriptive method to evaluate the information is chosen. The findings or the results display that there has been a huge spike in the number of child sexual abuse during Covid-19 in India; unemployment remains one of the main reasons for the abuse; in most cases, the offender is well-known to the victim, and there is a huge lack of information about the laws of the country regarding child sexual abuse. Thus, it is quite understandable from this study that Covid-19 and the lockdown have deeply influenced and fueled the already existed issue of Child Sexual Abuse in India. |
Pages: 179-182 Coronavirus has created chaos in all aspects of human life. Covid-19 severely affected the environment, economy, education system, and human life. Due to lockdown, various business, economic activities, and employment-providing sectors completely shut down. Academic institutions and schools, and other learning institutes are closed for almost two years. It disturbs the whole education system of India and the whole world. Covid-19 brought many changes in all aspects of our lives. The first case of COVID-19 in India was reported in Thrissur (Kerala) after a student come back home for a holiday from the Wuhan University of China. Corona virus is causing due to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Body ache, fever, nausea, and coughing up are the frequent symptoms of Covid-19. The sprouting period of COVID-19 is the period between transmitting the virus and begins symptoms of the disease. A virus is transmitted from non-living things also where this virus settles and comes in touch with a non-infected population. Apart, the virus enters the eyes, nose, and mouth that lead to corona patient. Almost every sector is facing its worst period during this pandemic. Within a short period, many scientists and researchers shared and publish their work related to this virus and pandemic in all possible ways. In this review paper, we aim to provide a complete report on the impact of the Covid-19 on life, economy, and environment in India and the world. We also discuss the various strategies to overcome this disaster which has become a threat to the whole human race in all aspects. |
Pages: 183-185 A larger number of researchers have identified the various mental health issues due to the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. The present study is focusing on the positive psychological resource hope and its relationship with wellbeing among adults. A total of 210 participants from the general public were participated in the study completing an online survey. Result showed that hope and subjective wellbeing had a significant positive correlation and also hope is significantly predicting the wellbeing of the adults during the pandemic outbreak. Further the result indicates that the pathway thinking dimension of hope significantly predicting the wellbeing. The result suggests that paying attention to enhance the hope as well as planning to meet goals improves the overall well-being during any pandemic or crisis situations. |
Pages: 186-191 Pandemics have altered the work culture in many ways throughout history. COVID-19 emerging as a global pandemic resulted in economic ripple effects, causing a significant increase in the unemployment rate, large-scale changes to organisations' business operations, and substantial modifications to work and management styles. However, much discussion surrounds the impact of this issue on the future of work and for people working in organisations. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of job satisfaction among work-from-home and field workers throughout the pandemic's lockdown phase. The Job Satisfaction questionnaire by Sengupta et al. (2017) was conducted on a sample size of 80 individuals using the non-probability sampling approach. Participants were chosen from a group of 25-45-year-olds. The Delhi NCR area was used as a sampling frame. The study consisted of male and female subjects. Based on the nature of the job in the pandemic lockdown situation, 40 of the 80 participants were assigned to the “work from home” category, while the other 40 were assigned to the 'field workers' category. The outcomes of this study show that job satisfaction levels for essential and remote workers are not significantly different at the 0.05 or 0.01 level of significance (denoted by p< .05; p< .01), which suggests job satisfaction comes from other sources, indicating that field workers are more resilient than remote workers, maybe due to a greater sense of the necessity of the task to be done, especially and more than before in these extreme circumstances. On several occasions, comparing job satisfaction levels has shown important information that may enhance the work environment, perhaps leading to greater productivity and job happiness among employees. |
Pages: 192-196 Today adolescent depression is a huge public health concern around the world. Among adolescents, depression is a highly prevalent and severe mental health issue that often leads to suicide, school dropout, antisocial behavior, drug abuse, cognitive vulnerability, and severe disability, resulting in their low psychological well-being. Perceiving this scenario, the researcher aimed to develop an intervention to reduce the level of depression and increase the PWB of adolescents, and to pilot test its viability and usability in the clinical practice. The study made use of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDl-11) and Ryff's Psychological Well-being scales (RPWB) in measuring the research variables. For a better understanding of the situation, the researcher conducted a need-assessment survey, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Based on these assessment procedures, the researcher developed an eight-modular intervention program. The pilot was tested among ten adolescents who were in a moderate level of depression and poor PWB. The pilot study's findings revealed a significant reduction in depression and a significant improvement in the participant’s PWB. |
Pages: 197-198 Farmer protest in India is not a new thing. Farmers protest originated since the times of pre independence era in our nation. These protests arises due to various reasons like forcible adoption of land by the industrialists, clearing of farm lands for setting up business enterprises or educational institutions, issues regarding sale of agricultural produce, taxation or infrastructural problem etc. the ongoing farmer protest in India is against three bills introduced by the Union Government. The intention of the Government is that farmers should focus farming with more scientific and technical ways that will not only increase the land fertility but also farming with non-conventional agricultural methods will be profit oriented but the farmers are feared that mandi system will be closed and the agriculture market will be owned by some corporate houses. The farmers demand is either abolish the three laws or guarantee the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for every crop. This study reveals the farmer's protest reasons and fear and concerns about the new Indian Agriculture Acts. |
Pages: 199-204 The World Health Organization proclaimed the COVID-19 upsurge as a worldwide pandemic on 30th of January, 2020. The virus has impacted major aspects of human existence from physical to mental health across the globe. Chiefly, the COVID-19 epidemic has prompted depressive symptoms, social isolation, and a decreased sense of well-being contributing to increased psychological distress for people at large (Holman et al., 2020; Armitage & Nellums, 2020; Brooks et al., 2020). It becomes vital to consider the role of pre-existing factors such as personal dispositions in determining the mental health outcomes of individuals especially during the pandemic. Research has equivocally demonstrated that, Neuroticism as a stable personality disposition has been significantly related to mental health outcomes in the past (Michielsen et al., 2014; Garbarino et al., 2014; Wenzel, 2015; Gale et al., 2016; Nikcevic et al., 2021). Since Neuroticism is associated with increased sensitivity to stressful, unpleasant or traumatic situations (Hisler et al., 2020) its dominance would affect how people perceive and adapt to the COVID-19 epidemic as well. In the same light, the current study investigated the predictive role of Neuroticism in mental health of adults during COVID-19 epidemic. For this purpose, data was collected online through Google forms from adults, age ranging 20-35 years. The time of data collection ranged from 3rd week of April, 2020 to 2nd week of May, 2020. The status of COVID pandemic in India during this time was almost 1 lakh cases (95,698). General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) by Goldberg (1978) was used to assess the mental health of the participants. GHQ assesses mental health on four domains: Anxiety and Insomnia, Severe depression, Social dysfunction and, Somatic symptoms. Also, Neuroticism was assessed with the Big five personality inventory-44 (John & Srivastava, 1999) which is gleaned from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) by Costa and McCrae (1985). The total sample comprised of 68 adults (29 Males & 39 Females). Results clearly showed the predictive role of Neuroticism in poor mental health associated with COVID-19 pandemic. |
Pages: 205-207 The challenging activity of giving care for the patients of schizophrenia demands substantial amount of energy and time over a long duration, resulting in stress and exhaustion of the family caregivers. Escalated caregiving tasks and roles lead to the increased Expressed Emotion (EE) of the caregivers. EE represents the relational disturbance between the caregiving family member and the patient. Patients of schizophrenia seem to be at high risk of worsening the condition which leads to relapse if they are living in family environment distinguished by high levels of EE of the family members, especially the caregivers. EE remains as major condition that needs to be a focus of clinical attention. There is an urgent need for strength-based or resiliency-based interventions at individual or group level for the persons and families of schizophrenia to deal with the negative emotional atmosphere in the families. It is important that the future studies should assess the prevalence of EE among the family caregivers of schizophrenia patients to initiate adequate interventions to address this adverse factor. |
Pages: 208-211 Today's youth is tomorrow's future. Any unhealthy attitude that the youth holds will be passed on to the next generation. Gender stereotype is a widely held belief or generalization about the behaviors, characteristics and roles performed by women and men. The current study focuses on Gender stereotype among young adults. The scales used to assess the variables are Gender stereotype scale by Arjun Sekhar and socio-demographic details on 139 young adults which consist of 80 females and 59 males within the age group of 18 to 35. The data was analyzed using independent samples t-test. The findings of the study indicate that there is significant difference in Gender stereotype among male and female young adults. |
Pages: 212-215 Aggression in adolescents is a pressing problem and a matter of great concern. Of the many reasons that exacerbate aggressive behavior in adolescents, peer rejection seems to be an important variable. The current research paper attempts to explore the relationship between peer rejection and aggression in adolescents. For the purpose of the study, a sample of 140 private school (CBSE affiliated) students between the age group of 13 to 18 years old were selected based on availability. Aggression questionnaire by Buss & Perry (1992) and Social Peer Rejection Measure (2013) by Lev-Wiesel, Sarid, Sternberg were administered on the subjects. Data was analyzed by using Pearson's correlation method. The results revealed a significantly positive correlation between peer rejection and adolescent aggression. Results have been discussed at length in the paper. |
Pages: 216-221 Though learning has no age, adolescent years are the most crucial years when one devotes his maximum time to attain knowledge. The best knowledge is the one that an authority provides, school being the one for adolescents. It helps an individual build his/ her personality and future, but what is required is a balanced approach towards inner and outer environment and having a sense of well-being that culminates into good mental health for better development. Knowledge and mental health time and again proved to have a positive correlation. Hence, deducting that schools also help in mental well- being of an individual, won't be wrong. The current study focuses on how the mental health of adolescent boys and girls vary in minority and public schools. It was found that the mental health of adolescents studying in public schools was better on all dimensions but one, which is IQ. A significant dimension to have differed gender wise was emotional stability, where public school boys and minority school girls had an upper hand. The results proved significance of school climate on these adolescents. A total no. of 400 adolescents were studied on a mental health battery in line with the objectives of the study. |