IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 222-226 Organizations are driven by a strong motive to understand how and what makes their employees productive, effective, and most importantly, assets at the workplace. Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and Self-efficacy are two important components impacting the culture of the organization, dependent on the amalgamation of personal characteristic and the organizational characteristics. A sample of 100 participants working in the IT sector were contacted for the study. The sample was divided equally among men and women. OCB was measure using “The Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Checklist (OCB-C)” (Spector & Fox, 2009). Self-efficacy was assessed using The “General Self-efficacy Scale” (GSES, Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995). Analysis of data revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between the variables. In terms of gender differences, no significant difference was noted in the level of OCB. The study has implications for enhancing personal characteristics to enhance organizational effectiveness. |
Pages: 227-229 It is unprecedented for the Indian economy to be faced with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Preceding the epidemic, economic development had slowed to a crawl, and unemployment and poverty had risen to unprecedented levels. Consequently, when the pandemic struck in March 2020, the country's ability to deal with a new catastrophe was weakened. Afterwards, the economy was hit by a severe economic downturn that touched all industries. The study covers different aspects concerning Indian economic status. Many businesses have been impacted by COVID-19, including the pharmaceutical industry, hospitality, tourism, aviation, real estate, and housing. In the wake of the crisis, at least 15 million jobs were lost, according to estimates. The purpose of this review analysis is to determine the impact of Covid-19 and the lockout on the Indian economy. India, being a rapidly developing country, would be hit hard by the effects of this natural disaster. |
Pages: 230-234 There is no comprehensive tool to assess global executive function of Indian adults. However, there are numerous Indian adaptations of performance based tools of cognitive function which assess executive function as a dimension, but of course no tool is available which can measure it separately and provide a global assessment of it. The Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version was developed originally in English language (Roth, Isquith, & Gioia, 2005). In view of the above, present study is an attempt to prepare a Hindi version of BRIEF-A, self-report. Translation and Back-translation method were used for this purpose. The sample comprised 100 participants coming both from the rural and urban areas of North India. The age range of participants was 40 to 60 years. Data analyses showed that all the items of the translated version have excellent reliability and validity. |
Pages: 235-239 Depression, anxiety and stress of adolescent orphans living in orphanages is the main topic of the research work. In this context, the influence of variables such as depression, anxiety and stress on orphans is studied. The present paper shows the result of this study. A sample of 210 orphans is randomly selected from various orphanages in Thrissur district of Kerala. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS 21) a short version of Levobond and Levibond's (1995) 42 item self-report measure of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS) is used to measure the variables. The sample is studied on three levels namely early (12 to 14 years-Group 1), middle (14 to 17 years-Group 2), and late (17 to 19 years-Group 3) adolescents based on adolescent phases. Results of ANOVA show that there is a significant difference in depression between the three groups, where, early and middle adolescents show significantly higher levels of depression compared to late adolescents. The three groups are also compared using 't' test to find out gender differences in depression, anxiety and stress. It is found that females are high on anxiety compared to males in the middle adolescent group. In the late adolescent group, females are higher on depression, anxiety and stress, compared to males. It is also found that there exists a significant positive correlation between depression, anxiety and stress. |
Pages: 240-242 Previous studies have shown that music and art therapy can aid in the prevention and treatment of a range of psychosocial illnesses. They both aid in the development of effective learning strategies and emotional self-control and are also effective tools for expressing emotions, processing difficult feelings, and finding solace (Guest Author, 2018). Adolescence is a difficult time for teens since they are undergoing so many physical, social, and emotional changes and thus, are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety attacks, and despair. Art and music are known to help in lowering cortisol levels in humans and consequently increasing dopamine production in the body and thus providing peace of mind to adolescents. To reach a conclusion, the researcher conducted a study using the mailed questionnaire approach to investigate teenage stress levels and if art and music therapy helps them cope, as well as research about its effectiveness. Art and music therapy were mentioned by the majority of the participants as beneficial stress coping strategies, and it was also concluded that ignoring stress and anxiety situations doesn't usually help; rather proves to be more detrimental to their mental well-being. These results support the hypothesis that stress and anxiety levels in adolescents can be significantly reduced using effective coping techniques such as art and music therapy. |
Pages: 243-246 Coronavirus pandemics have spread over the globe. As a result, national economies and businesses are seeing the impact of the virus, which has left governments scrambling to come up with new strategies to contain it. Hundreds of thousands of individuals have been out of work or reduced in income. Joblessness has risen in almost all of the world's economies. Covid-19 has influenced our daily lives, businesses, and the global trade and movements in ways that have dramatically impacted the planet. To be able to keep the virus from spreading as quickly, it is important to identify the disease as early on as possible. Manufacturing of the products has all but come to a halt in the majority of countries. As a result of this sickness, a wide range of companies and sectors are affected, which include the pharmaceutical industry, the solar power industry, the travel industry, and the Information and electronics industry. This virus has major worldwide consequences as well as impacts on daily lives. The following studies represent the effect of covid-19 on the global economy. |
Pages: 247-251 In this advance era, we can observe that unemployment is increasing day by day and there are many vocations are vacant for the deserving, skilled and eligible candidates. This may be because of the choice of vocations and subject combination of the study in school is always a problem for students. So, before choosing the right career, it is very important for students that they must know about their interest, skills and ability and choose the stream and subjects/course very carefully according to their wishes. In this regard, the present research tries to make an attempt to assess the gender differences in different dimensions of vocational interest among adolescent students studying in 9th class, schools of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The Vocational Interest Record inventory (VIR) by Kulshrestha (1977) was used to collect data in which 150 (75 boys & 75 girls) students participated. The data was analyzed with the help of Mean, SD, and t-test. The result revealed that the adolescent students (male & female) were significantly differed on overall vocational interest while were not differed on the (commercial, constructive, agriculture, & persuasive) dimensions of vocational interest. |
Pages: 57-60 This study was conducted to assess the level of depression among diamond workers with respect to their job task. Three hundred forty-two diamond workers have been enrolled from Ahmedabad, Gujarat ranging between 18 to 60 years belonging to five different job tasks Ghattarasi (n=37), Table cutting (n=35), Talia bottom (N=123), Athpel (n=78) and Mathala (n=69). Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) has been used to assess the depression of diamond workers. Results showed a moderate level of depression (M=13.08, SD=7.9) among diamond workers. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in depression scores across different job tasks except Ghat tarasi workers. Ghat tarasi workers did not show depression. Hence, the level of depression among diamond workers have not been significantly influenced by their job task apart from ghat tarasi workers. |
Pages: 61-65 Depression has affected millions of people worldwide in their lifetime. Along with pharmacotherapy there is a need to identify psychotherapies which provide some value addition to the current treatment process. One of the various psychotherapies is based on principles of positive psychology. The role of Positive psychology interventions (PPI) as a treatment modality is not yet very clear. Current study served to test the effectiveness of gratitude and forgiveness as PPI in patients with depression. 30 patients suffering from mild to moderate depression were included in current study. A 7 session therapy module was designed including forgiveness and gratitude exercises. Gratitude interventions included daily gratitude journal, 5 things he/she is grateful for, thank you letter and grateful prompts. For forgiveness intervention REACH model was taken in sessions. Depression was measured with Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Other factors such as life orientation, satisfaction with life, quality of life, global improvement and therapeutic responses were also measured. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in depressive symptoms with increased quality of life and satisfaction with overall improvement in each domain. PPIs might be used as a therapeutic intervention in mild to moderate depression. Along with depression other factors also improved with long term effects. |
Pages: 66-70 With an aim to explore how the constructs of self-esteem and locus of control are related among adolescents, a sample consisted of 100 adolescents between the age group of 15-19, studying in Delhi-NCR was chosen. Rosenberg's “Self-esteem Scale” (1965) with Levenson's “Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale” (1981) was employed to assess self-esteem along with locus of control (respectively). Being correlational in nature, it was undertaken to understand as well as explore the relationship between these two constructs. It was found that a positive correlation exists between the aforementioned variables. Significant differences with respect to gender, were found as well. |
Pages: 71-73 The present study examined the cases of suicidal tendency in teenager and elders. For this study we have selected the different causes of suicidal deaths through newspaper and Internet. These causes presented with multiple causes for suicide. 70 cases were selected for the study. All the cases were related to both male and female. Two groups were drawn from the sample. In the first group, we have selected the age group between 15 to 25 years and for another group those cases were selected who are in between 26 to 60 years. The review explores the main factors which are responsible for suicide in Indian context and examined are lack of self confidence, lack of coping strategies towards the adversities of life situations. Youth psychiatric disorder are the key risk factors for the suicidal tendencies. |
Pages: 74-80 Environmental pollution is harmful to the health it has become one of the most prevalent issue that is faced by all the countries around the world. A vast literature has assessed the effects of pollution on all the living beings (Azam, Zaiyani, & Mood, 2016). There have been studies that indicate harmful effect of air pollution. Most of the available literature primarily focuses on physical health issues that arise due to air contamination. Impact of air pollution on mental and psychological health is explored in scarce proportions (UNICEF, 2020). Most of the developing countries are facing this problem on a greater level. The more harm it creates in developing nations less is the understanding of dangerous effects on mental and psychological health (World Health Organisation, 2018). To combat the detrimental effects of air pollution, existing studies have highlighted the necessity to work on increasing resilience and coping abilities in children (Theron et al., 2021). There is a need of focussed and planned formats to be practiced in order to develop coping abilities and measures to neutralise effects of air pollution on psychological and mental health of children (Azam, Zaiyani, & Mood, 2016). This study takes into consideration the mental and emotional health issues that children face, alongside developing a strategy which involves informing, educating and building interventions to deal with increasing harms of air pollution. |
Pages: 81-83 Journalism is defined as the medium through which the world gets the daily news and information, it might be that information that we don't know about. Journalists write, present and talk about various topics of day to day life. It can be investigative information; it can be information and news about entertainment and other essential types of information related to sports, technology, mental health etc. But if we pay close attention to the various forms and types of journalism, we can see that it is mainly covering up the negative aspect or side of the story, hardly do we see or hear about positive changes and results in the world. Because of vast studies conducted worldwide on the harmful implications of negative journalism, the trend nowadays is moving towards positive journalism or as we commonly understand as constructive journalism. This sort of journalism instead of primarily revolving around negative side of the story, emphasizes the importance of seeing the solution-based side to the problem, it abstains from revolving around the negative side, instead pays attention to the positive, healthy news. Journalism is a very strong weapon that the entire world uses, therefore it's essential to use it constructively. By making use of positive journalism, journalists can change our thoughts, our negative mind sets, our thinking patterns. Not only this positive journalism also leads to generation of positive ideas. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of positive journalism on the psychological mind set of people. |
Pages: 84-87 This study attempts to underline the importance of psychological counseling in a school setting. This study tells us about the importance of counseling and counselor, why a counselor is needed in school and its importance of counseling in a school setting .The researcher were two school counselors, a mental health counselor educator, counseling believed in the necessity of working together in order to help promote academic achievement for all students and remove all hurdles. In this study, counseling strategies for implementing, counseling impact and implications for school counselor practice and research are discussed. Counseling common meaning is to talk about problems with someone. One of two individuals has experiences and competence that the other does not have and problems are solved by communication in the process of counseling. The counselor through skillful questions ascertains what the problem is and what is the significance of the problem? Counseling may be a very important tool for the management, prevention and care of any problem .Counselor has the responsibility of providing a basic knowledge about the facts of education, subject and psychological support through proper counseling of students. Counselors deal with students' problems like emotion, depression and other psychological problems. Good counselor may help in prevention of psychological problems, supporting students to make decisions in their own life. The counselor knows the correct facts from the students through the counseling process .The counselor guides the students in establishing relationships in various factors in the counseling process .Explain the important facts to the students which the students do not consider important. Indeed, counseling and counselors are the backbone of counseling services in school. |
Pages: 88-92 Gratitude refers to the feeling of thankfulness. It can be expressed through words, gestures and various other ways. Happiness is a positive emotion. The individual experiencing happiness may feel pleasant, content, delightful etc. Young adult refers to individuals belonging in the age group of early twenties to late thirties. The present study is conducted to study the relationship between gratitude and happiness among young adults. The Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were administered amongst a sample of 100 (50 male, 50 female) participants. The participants belonged to the age group of 18-23 years and participated in the study by filling the Google forms. Result was calculated and analyzed using Excel. Findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between gratitude and happiness. This implies that both happiness and gratitude go hand-inhand thus showing that an individual who is happy would be grateful and a grateful individual would be happy. The results help in understanding the relationship between gratitude and happiness. People should be made aware of such positive and significant relationship so that they can use it in their lives for a healthy well-being. This would also help people strengthen their human strengths and enhance psychological well-being. Research can also be conducted to understand the diverse methods that can be used to enhance gratitude and therefore happiness. Studies can also be conducted to understand the impact of gratitude intervention and various gratitude exercises on the human's health. |
Pages: 93-98 The concept of emotional intelligence primarily propagated and popularised by Goleman (1995) in Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, and invented by Mayer and Salovey, can be profoundly utilised to bridge the hindering gap between competent women leaders and the showcase of professionalism on the business front. Disassociating the stereotypically conceived notion of women being unfit for top management and leadership positions due to their emotional outlook, the present paper aims to highlight the path of empowering women by equipping them with emotional intelligence, reaping enormous business profit from their emotional appeal. |
Pages: 99-101 “In addition to our immediate personal conscious…there exists a second psychic system of a collective, universal and impersonal nature which is identical in all individuals and is inherited. It consists of pre-existent forms, the archetypes” (Jung, The Collective Unconscious). The Collective Unconscious is a term that reflects upon the Doctrine of Innatism that each person is born with a dominant pre-existent image that only grows, solidifies, and gains consciousness in the environment that is offered to it. However, these images or archetypes that humans are born with are only actualized when they interact with the real world and grow along with the sociological manifestations. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to highlight and analyze how the characters from the fantasy fiction novel, The Lord of The Rings are based on the Jungian Archetypes and how at the end each of these characters falls into place vis a vis the archetypal dominance found in them. |
Pages: 102-105 |
Pages: 106-108 Ethiopia had the challenge of accomodating its diverse Ethnicities in the constitution. The constitution focuses on ethnic autonomy and equality while mainataining the state. Through ethnic federalism it tried to achieve both unity and territorial integrity. The uniqueness of federal system lies in its constitutional provision for the right of secession. This paper analyses the ethnic diversities and the structure of ethnic federalism provided in the constitution. It also examines the working of Ethiopia's federal system. In the light of Ethiopia-Eritrean relation, it analyses the Eritrean secession from Ethiopia. |
Pages: 109-112 In the last few decades, humanity has realized the importance of meeting its energy needs through the use of renewable energy sources. Solar power is one of the most environmentally friendly and widely available renewable energy sources. This paper examines the use of solar energy in various technologies and designs in order to meet people's needs and provide the most feasible option for long-term energy sustainability. In today's world, there are a variety of techniques for using solar energy in different aspects of household and commercial life. Solar energy can now be used for cooking, water heating, desalination, power generation, building heating and cooling, solar powered autonomous mobile vehicles, and sewage treatment plants, among other things. The aim of this research is to raise awareness about the few technologies centered on solar energy that are used around the world and are completely non-polluting, cheap, and abundant. |
Pages: 113-119 In these uncertain times of Covid-19, people are experiencing insecurity and turmoil due to the outbreak of corona virus. The entire world is an absolute upheaval due to the outbreak of corona virus which was first identified as Corona virus occurred in Wuhan, China. Covid left students in lurch and coping with new system of evaluation led to high stress and anxiety levels leading to examination stress amongst children of all age groups. Against this back drop, it is critical to realize the effect of covid 19 on Indian education setup and the conditions that are beyond usual occurrence leading to fear, stress and vulnerability due to examination stress and effective measures to deal with the same. Keeping this in mind, the aim of the paper is to highlight and discuss as to how students should deal with examination stress amidst Covid-19 scenario. |
Pages: 120-123 The purpose of the present study is to determine impulsivity differences between juvenile delinquents and school children. The sample for the study consisted of 20 Juvenile delinquents and 20 school children. Juvenile delinquents were selected from Government observation home, Harwan, Srinagar. As purposive sampling and school children were selected from several schools of Srinagar city as random sampling. Impulsiveness scale by Rai and Sharma, self-report inventory and interview technique have been administered as measuring tools. T-test was employed for testing the significance of difference in mean scores. Results revealed that juvenile delinquents are high impulsive in comparison to school children. Socio-economic status, family background and educational level are other psychosocial factors that influence delinquency. |
Pages: 124-127 Today's Organization depends on the excellent quality of human resources to achieve the objectives and accomplish the long and short-term vision. The question is how to determine the right quality of people and assess the behavioral demands. One such concept that has evolved is identifying an index adept at evaluating the behavioral demand of any professional. That's how the word “Prognostic Value “ is found to appropriate in this context. Prognostic relates to a sign or event characterized by prediction or foretelling. This article helps to identify the Prognostic value of individuals working in an Organization, thus relating the behavior demands required for a job, an organization, or working in a team. Four strands “SCOP” pinned down here represents the behavior demands required for the job and how the Prognostic value can be ascertained to ensure that the Organization has the right capability that provides its success. |
Pages: 128-131 Women are considered an essential part of the body of any society. As soon as all eyes are on this part of the community, it shows its existential importance, which occupied a large part of their thoughts, ideas, attitudes, beliefs, and pens of the writers. Women in the context of history have witnessed ups and downs, sometimes to the point of honor and sometimes to the spot of humiliation and lack of love. The rulers, cultures, religions, and sects looked at it according to their beliefs and set a line for them, which in many cases was not very pleasant. Contemporary women face also suffer from the same struggles in different societies as if history is repeating itself. Various countries with numerous systems and religious beliefs consider different situations for women, which is worth considering. The purpose of the research is to investigate the social and political contribution of women in Islamic societies. Afghanistan is part of the body of this chain (Islamic societies) is subject to the same social disorders regarding the female, it is these ancient beliefs and irrational customs and traditions that break the bones of our society's women. On the other hand, Laws, while trying to balance men and women in form and content, never worked as well as they should have. |
Influence of digital media on adolescents’ well- being during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review Pages: 132-135 In twenty first century, the entire world has been transformed due to digital world. At one end it has enabled the youth to be better acquainted with latest technology and served as remarkable platform to portray their talents. On the other continuum, the young generations spend their valuable time in simply loafing around the social media platforms that are posing a detrimental impact on their psychological as well as physical well-being specially during the pandemic. The present study aims to fill the research gap by highlighting the positive as well as negative impact of digital media on behavioral, cognitive, physiological and psychological well- being of adolescents'. |