IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 175-178 The present study endeavor to assess the personality factor and aggression level of medical students. And explore the gender differences in respect of personality factors and the level of aggression. Total 100 medical college students studying in various colleges of the Pune district were selected by purposing sampling technique in this study. Personality traits were assessed by using Big-five personality scale devised by inventory is prepared by Singh and Kumar. Aggression level was assessed by the Aggression scale prepared by Mathur and Rajkumari Bhatnagar. Obtained data further analysed by Mean, SD and 't'-test'. Results revealed, there are significant gender differences found in personality factors and aggression. Female medical students found high in openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness factors but they have low level of neuroticism than male medical students. Further, results showed female students are more aggressive than their counterparts. But, no such difference found in respect of extroversion factor. |
Pages: 179-183 This article systematically reviews the literature pertaining to gratitude and death anxiety. The purpose of the study is to identify, evaluate and summarize whether there is any dyadic relationship between gratitude and death anxiety. The studies related to gratitude and death anxiety/ death reflection/ death-related fear of reoccurrence/ mortality salience published after 2000 are included for the study. The studies involving the relationship between gratitude and well-being, gratitude, and life satisfaction are excluded as well-being and life satisfaction are not same as death anxiety. The studies involving the association between gratitude and anxiety are also not included in the review. Studies, where the meaning of life is used in place of Gratitude are also excluded. Various databases including science direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Springer along with Google and Google scholar are searched till 15th March 2022 to identify the studies. About 9 empirical studies, 1 biographical research study, 1 bachelor's thesis, and 2 web articles were found for the study. The review indicates that there is a significant positive relationship between gratitude and death anxiety. But the impact of one on another is two-way. The findings of this review also revealed several limitations in the studies done like small sample size, few numbers of random samplings, lack of studies in the Indian context etc. Provided less number of studies related to these two concepts together, this review will encourage for further studies in this regard. |
Pages: 184-188 Aggression is an intentional action executed with the purpose of harming or injuring another person. Rising aggression among Indian adolescents is a growing concern. In order to manage and direct aggressive tendencies of adolescents towards productive channels, its imperative to identify factors that predict aggression among adolescents. Emotional stability and ways of coping have been found significant in prediction of aggressive tendencies among adolescents. According to Feldman (2015), coping refers to attempts by individual to control, reduce, or learning to bear the threats that result in to stress. Emotional stability refers to the ability to manage emotional reactions that ensure consistency and sensitivity towards situations. The objective of the current study was to analyse relationship of emotional stability and coping with aggression. 150 students of the Kurukshetra region belonging to the age range of 14 to 16 years, comprised the sample. Buss and Warren's Aggression questionnaire (2000) was administered to assess the level of aggression. Singh and Bhargava's (2006) Emotional Maturity Scale was administered to determine the level of emotional stability of the sample. Ways of Coping Questionnaire developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1988) was employed to identify the ways of coping adopted the sampled subjects. The results of statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between emotional stability and aggression. Similarly, a significant positive correlation between escape avoidance coping and aggression was also found. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that emotional stability accounts for 39.2 % of variance in aggression among adolescents. |
Pages: 189-191 The aim of this study was to determine the role of age and gender in prosocial behavior of adults. The sample comprised of total 120 adults. For this study, three age groups (young adults, middle adults, & late adults) were chosen. Further in each group there were 20 males and 20 females. To assess prosocial behavior, self-constructed prosocial behavior scale was used. Mean, ANOVA, and multiple comparison tests (Tukey test) were used to evaluate the data. The result indicates that age is significant at .01 level and gender is also significant at .05 level. On the basis of results, it can be said that age and gender significantly affect the prosocial behavior of adults. |
Pages: 192-196 Sustainable horticulture farming is now an unavoidable necessity for environmental rehabilitation and food security. Horticultural crops constitute a significant portion of the total agricultural produce in India. The government of India has proposed to double farmer's income by the year 2022. Horticulture sector has emerged as an important source of income in Haryana and farmers have also started taking up horticulture crops as a separate viable economic activity. The present study was conducted in Fatehabad and Hisar districts of Haryana state. On the whole, 160 respondents were interviewed with the help of well-structured interview schedule. For assessing the knowledge and adoption of horticultural crops under MIDH for sustainable crop production, data were collected by personal interviews with the respondents at their home/ farm. It was found that more than one third of the respondents had partial knowledge about vegetable nursery raising method and subsidies for purchase of tractors and tillers. Two fifth of the respondent had no knowledge about cold storage capacity. It was found that 62.5 per cent of the respondents had fully adopted the fruits crops followed by 43.8 percent who had full adoption of vegetable crops. Only 37.4 percent respondents had partial adoption of vegetable crops. Not a single respondents had adoption of drone and crop scouting technology. Regarding the social impact of horticultural crops under MIDH four fifth majority of the respondents reported improvement in health and education. Regarding the economic impact three fourth percent of the respondents agreed that there was increase in income. Regarding the environmental overwhelming majority of the respondents agreed that degraded land can be utilized. |
Pages: 197-200 The paper looks at the institution of marriage and divorce in the World society in general and India in particular. An attempt has been made to put forth the changing nature of social institutions and divorce, conceptualizing it from the Sociological, Functional and Marxian perspectives. The paper further goes on to look at the causes of divorce and the socio-demographic analysis of divorce involving age, gender and other attributes. The paper ahead looks at the impact of divorce on women, children and families finally followed by the way forward to cope with the divorce. |
Pages: 201-204 Indigenous health knowledge refers to the skills and information created by human societies to treat sickness and improve well-being. Typically, this knowledge focuses on disease prevention and treatment via the use of indigenous plant-based therapies. The wealth of medical ethnobotanical data acquired in Limpopo Province, South Africa, necessitated an account of the development of knowledge regarding medicinal plant use. A purposive sampling procedure was used to make up a sample of 240 participants with the age range of between 25 and 90 years. They were traditional health practitioners, ordinary community members and patients consulting with traditional health practitioners. Common knowledge gained from family, friends, and neighbors; information inherited from ancestors; and apprenticeship knowledge are the main ways in which knowledge of medicinal plant use was developed. The knowledge was acquired and handed down verbally over generations, and it remains applicable today. This knowledge was passed down orally throughout centuries, protected as the family's or practitioner's trade sectret, whereas common knowledge is held as part of the community's cultural heritage. |
Pages: 205-212 "Queer people don't grow up as ourselves; we grow up playing a version of ourselves that sacrifices authenticity to minimize humiliation and prejudice. The massive task of our adult lives is to unpick which parts of ourselves are truly us and which parts we've created to protect us." These words by 'Alexander Leon' perfectly describe the essence of this work. The goal of this study is to present what it is to grow as a queer individual in a heteronormative surrounding. Further the study aims at making people aware about the struggle and difficulties which in a way has an impact on psycho-social health of queer individuals. The study uses a qualitative approach which is exploratory in nature. For primary data, the study conducted semi structured interviews of experts as key informants on the topic. Secondary data analysis was done through available material related to current queer matter. This study also aims to highlight the need for sexuality education and to spread awareness about queer existence. The study hopes for a kind and inclusive future ahead. |
Pages: 213-216 Being social creatures forming social bonds is something we're wired to do. In reality, social ties provide their own set of benefits. But when we consider marriages, we often get to observe different types of attachment styles between the partners. The entire bond and its stability are based on the attachment styles. Attachment is a very significant factor in determining quality of life of an individual. The emotional, physical, social and cognitive well-being of an individual could be studied through various factors including attachment and the type. Keeping these views in mind, the paper aimed at finding the effect of attachment style on the quality of life among married couples. The data was collected from 80 married individuals from different parts of India, employing the correlation research design to find relationship between attachment style and quality of life. The results produced distinctive evidence of correlation found between the variables of the study hence supporting the importance of attachment style in quality of life of married couples. |
Pages: 217-222 Every stage of life is marked with both crisis points and phases of success and fulfillment. Adolescence and young adults, both still being in the preparatory stages of a mature orientation goes through many ups and downs of life which shapes their personality attributes. The purpose of the present research paper is to determine the correlation of different psychosocial variables with suicidal ideation. Purposive random sampling has been used for sample selection of 470 individuals. Statistical measure used for treatment of data is Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Positive signification correlation was obtained between suicidal ideation and different aspects of aggression such as state anger, trait anger, angry temperament, angry reaction, anger in, anger out, anger expression, personality types of psychoticism and neuroticism. Negative significant correlation was obtained between suicidal ideation and extraversion, social desirability, achievement motivation and reasons for living. However, negative but not statistically significant correlation was obtained between suicidal ideation and anger control. The findings indicate the association between different psychosocial correlates as maybe contributory to varied types of suicidal behaviour. Prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviour may take into consideration these psychosocial variables during intervention programs. |
Pages: 223-227 The reviewed paper describes the importance and role of modern technology in farm sector in India. Technological changes are the crucial driving forces for increasing farm productivity and promoting farm development in all developing countries. In past the adoption of mechanization in farm was started due to the green revolution, then government want to fulfill the demand of food grains of population. But now the dimensions are changed from last few decades' policies for farm, research and development, trade, training and education has been strong impact on the adoption of technology, the level of farm production and agricultural practices. It is recognized fact that improved modern inputs and machinery are major determinants of farm output, yet it is important to interpret the relationship of mechanization with other social and economic factors. Study also concluded the crop wise adoption of mechanization, farm machinery, major driving forces in social change, participation of women in farm, agribusiness, cost and the labor employed in the farm sector. The paper also recommends suggestions, to ensure that the farm sector takes its rightful place in our economy. |
Pages: 228-231 The purpose of the present research was to ascertain the effect of age and gender differences on death anxiety. To achieve this aim 300 participants were selected in the sample. The sample consisted of three groups - (i) The first group comprised 100 adolescents (50 boys & 50 girls), aged 13 to 18 years, (ii) In the second group 100 youths (50 males & 50 females) were taken whose age was from 19 to 25 years. (iii) The third group included 100 adults (50 men & 50 women), aged 26 to 55 years. Thakur Death Anxiety Scale, developed by Thakur and Thakur (1984) was used for measuring the death anxiety. The Mean, S.D. and t-test were calculated for the analysis of data. The results of the study indicated that - (a) The effect of age differences on death anxiety was found. (b) The differential effect of gender on death anxiety was also found. |
Pages: 232-236 The reviewed paper explains about aggregate of the residue's genesis from different crops, usage in-field and out-field, reason of flaming and managing crop residue with conservation of agriculture and alternative strategies. This paper also discusses the available agriculture machinery to manage the several type of residues in-situ and ex-situ. Management of crop residue has emerged to be a big issue in northern states of India, subsequently farmers choose inflame the residues. Management of residue is important because it carry plant nutritious that enhance the topsoil fertility capacity. Flaming residue affect nature and also deficit of scrumptious number of plant exigent nutrients. The issue of on farm burning of stubbles is sharpen in recent years due to lack of labour, combine harvester and huge capital loss in removing the stubbles by traditional ways, The residues of sugarcane, rice, mustard, maize, cotton, groundnut, jute, and millet are normally inflamed on-farm by various provenience of the India. This hurdle is more vital in the northern and western states where the wheat-rice system is mechanized. It is necessary to create consciousness among cultivators and farm societies to know the value of management of residues for resilience & sustainability of Indian agriculture. |
Pages: 237-242 Burnout is a state of mental and physical exhaustion that decrease interest in your career, friendships, and family interactions. Job-burnout means being emotionally exhausted, depersonalized and feelings lack of personal accomplishments. Burnout occurs in an individual's due to chronic stress. Job -Burnout can occur in any setting. The main aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of job burnout of employee during COVID-19 second outbreak in Nepal. The descriptive study of job burnout attempts to assess prevalence of job burnout and to assess the contributions of personal factors to job burnout (age, gender, marital status, & type of family, area in which they are living, occupation, Monthly income & province). This study included 231 samples collected from online. The tools used in the study are: 1) Job Burnout scale 2) Personal data sheet (gender, age, occupation, monthly income…etc.). In order to collect data Quantitative method was used. Descriptive statistics and independent t-Test were used to analyze the result of quantitative measures. Majority of the respondents 83.2% worked during lockdown period. The total score of job burnout mean is 57.50. The study showed that there are significant statistical differences at (α≤0.05) in job burnout level due to gender. There is no statistically significant difference between burnout scores and working during lockdown period. This study will contribute to the concerned authority to plan awareness and methods to reduce job burnout. |
Pages: 243-246 The current study has explored the role of spatial anxiety in the performance of a navigational task. Spatial anxiety is understood in terms of the fear and uneasiness towards spatial processing. Spatially anxious individuals have been seen to restrict themselves in the event of engaging in activities that require spatial skills and processing (Lyons et al., 2018). The study sample comprised of 200 female subjects randomly chosen from the Government schools of Chandigarh (Age range: 15-18 years; Mean age= 16.3 years). The subjects were categorized into High, Moderate and Low spatial anxiety groups using the spatial anxiety questionnaire by Lyons et al. (2018). Further, the navigational task performance was measured using a simulated task. The correct responses were noted down. Repeated measures ANOVA was used. The results of the study showed that different levels of spatial anxiety play an interactive and significant role in navigational task performance across various navigational task conditions resulting in different performance levels. |
Pages: 247-251 Gender perspective in any discipline not only enhances its core content but also gives a wider approach to the subject matter to create a comparatively higher impact in terms of receptivity of the audience. Any society cannot blatantly give credit to a particular gender for its smooth functioning, rather every member, regardless of the gender, contributes equally to maintain a balance both in abstract and practical forms in the society. They act as an agent to sustain the structure of the society. And hence the study of dominant caste in the twenty-first century, like any other social subject necessitates not only women's perspective but also the perspective of all gender identities that any member of society relates to, be it male, gender neutral, transgender, agender, pangender, two-spirit, third gender, genderqueer, non-binary, or any other. This paper will emphasize a comparative study of women of various castes in the Gaviyar village of Gujarat on the basis of various determinants in order to demonstrate the prerogatives and problems of women and present a new perspective on how caste dominance changes and affects women's role in the society. |
Pages: 252-259 'Cancel culture' is a term on which the internet is widely divided into sections. Initially meant to call out the wrong doings of the people in powerful positions and hold them accountable for their actions, is now also seen as a tool for further exploitation of the marginalized people. It is essential to distinguish between the various terminologies around it in order to understand the various standpoints around it. This research project tries to highlight the same. Social exclusion from the online space can have a significant impact on the mental health of people. Even though this has been discussed, it is essential to see cancel culture in the light of its impact on different hierarchies of the society and the rising intolerance on the online space in the Indian context. Hence, the objectives of the study are-Understanding the history of repression and social exclusion, which has now evolved into a new form known as cancel culture. Investigating the effects of cancel culture on the mental health of various groups. This study is a qualitative analysis of various accounts of cancel culture. The methodology consists of interviews of experts from the fields of psychology, political science and media and film studies. It also relies on the secondary data analysis of various journal articles, news articles and books. The theoretical framework of the study is Martha Nussbaum's theory of objectification and Noelle-Neumann's spiral of silence theory and the result is consistent with it. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and considers their broader implications. the study's rationale is to comprehend the complexities of cancel culture in the light of intolerance and study the mental health implications for various sections of society in India. |
Pages: 260-263 This paper is an exploration of the three major archetypes as given by Carl Jung, i.e., the hero, the anima/animus and the shadow archetype (Jung, 1919). According to Jung, in order to attain individuation archetypes such as Persona, Anima, Animus, and Shadow play a pivotal role (Jung, 1969). The collective unconscious of a person consists of all the archetypes, while some are significant, others like the shadow, which represent the darkness in a person are usually concealed, yet never disposed, often being visible at times when a person's emotions are heightened (Jung, 1959). Against this backdrop the aim of this paper is to highlight and discuss the presence of the hero, anima/animus and shadow archetype in Heathcliff and Catherine, the protagonists of Emily Brontë's wuthering heights, while simultaneously noting the idea of feminism that was put forward in the gothic romance novel. |
Pages: 264-271 This paper attempts to theorize about how the interparental relationship and 'mirroring' affects the child's choice of a romantic partner. Four dimensions were identified and a questionnaire was constructed to gauge subjective parental identification of couples in long-term relationships. Further in-depth interviews were conducted with a few participants to get more detailed accounts. In the global North, research shows that 50% of all marriages result in divorce but the same cannot be said about the Global South where getting a divorce still has a taboo attached to it. In the Indian context, only 1% of all married couples decide to end their marriage but this statistic isn't for the lack of unhappy marriages in the country. This study attempts to predict the quality of life for the future married population by ascertaining their awareness of their parent's relationship and whether they replicate the same patterns and power |
Pages: 272-274 Women Empowerment is a burning topic in today's world. With the spread of education, women are asserting their rights. The Constitution of India does not discriminate people on the basis of gender. Besides the legal framework pertaining to women's safety and rights in the Indian Constitution, the government has also initiated many schemes and campaigns for women empowerment within the country. This paper aims to discuss about India's legal framework to empower women. |
Page: 01-06 College students across the world struggle with the unprecedented stress during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The existing psychological issues of college students were accentuated by facing the uncertain features of the Pandemic like uncertainty about their college life, their future, and their health. Intolerance of uncertainty is identified as the broad dispositional, vulnerable and maintenance factor for the emotional irregularities and the heightened psychological distress of student population during the Pandemic. Considering the need for the psychological interventions during and the post Pandemic, the present study aimed to develop and examine the feasibility and usability of the Cognitive-based Acceptance and Motivational Program (CAMP) for reducing intolerance of uncertainty and thereby reducing the psychological distress among the college students. CAMP was designed on the basis of the principles and techniques of intolerance of uncertainty theory, acceptance and commitment therapy, and self-determination theory. The researchers' developed intervention was subjected to expert validation of six disciplinary experts and a pilot study was conducted for 10 college students with a moderate level of psychological distress and a moderate level of intolerance of uncertainty. The statistical analysis of the quantitative findings of the pilot study and the feedback of the participants revealed that the CAMP is an effective psychological intervention for reducing intolerance of uncertainty and psychological distress among college students and is suitable for a randomized controlled trial. |
Page: 07-11 The rapid progress of the COVID-19 pandemic is known as a period of psychological stress and can negatively affect the women's menstrual cycle and premenstrual symptoms severity. Young college students aged 18 to 24 are considered late adolescents or youth are the more vulnerable group affected with psychological disorders by the quick closures of universities. Studies reporting that stress is significantly related to the frequency and severity of premenstrual distress and quality of life remain questionable among young women. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional predictive research study to examine the relationship between premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which is the severe form of premenstrual syndrome, and quality of life among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic living in the Karnataka region of South India. The respondents' demographic data, Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (Steiner et al., 2003) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref) were used as assessment tools. The purposive sampling method was used for gathering the data, and 400 students participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were done for the quantitative data analysis. The study's findings showed a strong negative correlation between premenstrual symptoms severity and quality of life, which was statistically significant (r=-.819; p=001). The current study also highlighted that premenstrual disorder was a strong predictor of poor quality of life among late adolescents (R2= .671; β=-.819). Identifying the growing impact of premenstrual dysphoric disorder on late adolescents' quality of life, these findings can be a foundation for a psychological intervention program to alleviate the issues as early as possible and to improve the quality of life of this target population. |
Page: 12-14 Organ transplantation is one of the greatest medical miracles of the twentieth century. This has introduced fresh hope for the treatment of serious diseases. However, this potential has been accompanied by several issues in each of the countries. The most common issues raised are ethical implications, but in a multicultural society like India, additional concerns arise from social and religious matters. Attitude and acceptability towards organ donation vary according to social, culture, and religion. The diverse cultural, religious, and traditional concepts about organ donation may hamper its acceptability and cause unwillingness to donate organs. The purpose of this article is to briefly explore the ethical issues involved in organ transplantations and the various religious opinions on organ donation. It is hoped that this knowledge and understanding may benefit both health care providers and patients in a multicultural society like India. |
Page: 15-18 Social Intelligence is the ability to successfully build relations and navigate social environments. Defense Mechanism refers to innate involuntary regulatory processes that allow individuals to reduce cognitive dissonance and to minimize sudden changes in internal and external environments by altering how these events are perceived. Coping Strategies are conscious efforts made by individuals to alter the environment so as to reduce stress and are generally employed when the situation is controlled. These conscious and unconscious behaviors somehow reflect the mechanisms underneath which operate to influence the adjustment of the individual in the outer environment which are detrimental for the health and happiness of an individual. Late adolescence's stage is the transition period where one enters a new phase and has so many years ahead to establish healthy relations Therefore the present study aims to predict Social Intelligence on the basis of Defense Mechanism and coping strategies as used by 200 adolescents (100 male & 100 female) between the age ranges of 19 to 22 years. They completed a self report questionnaire of Social Intelligence (Tromso Intelligence Scale, 2001); Defense Mechanism (Defense Mechanism inventory, 2012); Coping Strategies (The ways of coping questionnaire revised, 1986). Bivariate correlation demonstrates that there is a significant positive correlation between social intelligence and turning against objects; projection; and principalization. A significant negative correlation was found between social intelligence and turning against self and reversal. Bivariate correlation between Social Intelligence and Coping Strategies showed a significant negative correlation between escape avoidance and seeking social support. Linear regression showed 43% of the variance in Social Intelligence was depicted by Defense Mechanism and Coping strategies taken together. |
Page: 19-25 For thousands of years, religion has been the most powerful and influential belief system that humans have followed. It has an effect on our cognitions, causing us to perceive the world as a place with a deliberate design, or one created by a higher power. The goal of this study was to see the relationship between Religious Fundamentalism, Ambivalent Sexism, and Gender Role Beliefs in Young Adults. A total of 80 students between the ages of 18 and 24 were included in the study. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to select the participants. The questionnaires were distributed to the participants via a Google Form. SPSS was used to perform the t test and correlation analysis. The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in religious fundamentalism between male and female participants, but men had a higher mean score than women. The findings also revealed a link between religious fundamentalism, gender role belief, and ambivalent sexism among young adults. |