IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 342-344 COVID-19 was declared a pandemic worldwide and many people suffered through various physical, mental, sociological, and psychological problems. Even after returning back to normal, people have not been able to cope with the stress. Amidst all, students are also finding it difficult to adjust to the new normal, which has caused feelings of anxiety, fear, distress etc in them. Keeping this in mind, this paper highlights the two major stress-busting techniques I.e., mindfulness and emotion regulation that can be used in the classroom during the new normal to restore health and well-being. The paper discusses various activities of mindfulness like five minutes of meditation, and musical drawing (Silver et al., 2017). Etc along with emotional regulation techniques such as positive reframing, kindness chain, expressing feelings (O'Neal et al., 2019) etc. |
Pages: 345-353 Psychology is deeply concerned with the study of human behavior which analyzes the factors that lead a person to behave in a certain manner across different social occasions. It also studies the similarities and differences in human behavior that result from various social constructs. As our behavior is influenced by the thoughts behind it, it is very important to study social cognition which shapes our behavior in social settings. Though a lot of research has been done in the field of social cognition, not many of them have focused on our thoughts about those cognition, i.e., metacognition. Therefore, this paper aims at explaining the relationship between social cognition and metacognition. For this purpose, the paper has been divided into different sections. The first section of the paper gives an introduction to social cognition and metacognition; the second section describes various measurement techniques and scales use to assess metacognition and social cognition; the third section deals with their importance in various settings; and the fourth section proclaims the relationship between metacognition and social cognition. Post review, it can be concluded that though metacognition plays a primary role in the formation, explanation, and alteration of social cognition, not much research has been conducted in this field. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more research to inspect the relationship between these two constructs so that it can be further applied to various fields including education, health, development, etc. |
Pages: 354-359 The purpose of this article is to present a synopsis of the research on juvenile well-being and the usage of digital technologies. In sum, the data suggest that the consequences are generally unfavourable, but negligible. Procrastination and passive usage are associated with greater negative impacts, while social and active uses are associated with more good outcomes. Short-term indicators of hedonic well-being (such as negative affect) are more strongly affected by digital technology use than long-term eudaimonic well-being indicators (e.g., life satisfaction). Adolescents are particularly susceptible, but adults are not spared either. Evidently, low and high usage are linked to lower levels of happiness, but moderate usage is associated with higher levels of happiness. There are many gaps in the existing research that need to be filled. There is a lack of high-quality research that include large samples, objective measures of digital technology use, and experience sampling of happiness. |
Pages: 360-365 Duality of human nature has often been the centre of numerous works of art. However, what has been relatively hidden is the underlying duality in the makers. Starting from Greek philosopher Aretaeus of Cappadocia's notes which mention mania and melancholia as two manifestations of the same ailment in the 1st century B.C (Angst & Marneros, 2001). However, the modern conceptualization of bipolarity as a disorder was done by Emil Kraepelin (Bar & Ebert, 2010), and named it “manic-depressive insanity". One of the seminal works about the link of bipolar disorder, the manic phase to be more precise; was written by Lloyd-Evans et al. (2006) that has partly inspired this undertaking. There is a persevering belief in western communities that creativity and the manic phases of bipolar disorder are somehow linked. That has been investigated in this paper. While there are some beneficial effects of unfiltered stimuli entering brain during the manic phase on creativity, no definite causal relation between bipolar disorder and creativity has been found. |
Pages: 366-369 The lack of an integrative theoretical framework pushed most of the research on social media into cyclical form. This paper reviewed theories like uses and gratifications theory, social skills hypothesis and social capital hypothesis, as these theories previously guided social media research. In addition, this paper examined theories such as IPACE model, supernormal stimuli, behavioural economics, social brain hypothesis and psychological persuasion, which can provide a new perspective in understanding social media behaviour. Finally, this paper discussed the impetus for empirical research to test the validity of these theories. |
Pages: 370-375 This review involves an in-depth look at the available literature on Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD), a compulsive condition of creating fake scenarios that lead to immense distress and issues in various domains of life. The fake scenarios are continuous and are initiated by music, image, and speech. Neuro-biologically, the cognitive activities associated with this condition have their bases in the default mode network of the brain. On one hand, MD promotes creativity, future planning, and self-awareness but on the other hand, it makes it hard to engage in daily activities fully by creating performance issues and distractions. Psycho-dynamically, an Ambivalent-fearful type attachment style can be seen in maladaptive daydreamers. In certain cases, this condition might take the form of celebrity worship and reality shifting. Keeping the severity and issues created by this condition in our mind, we have carefully explored the peripheral facets of Maladaptive Daydreaming to reach to its core. |
Pages: 376-378 This study attempts to examine the relationship between depression, stress, anxiety and resilience among college students. Resilience is an effective tool to overcome the threats of life and it prepares an individual to fight with the adverse situations of life. It provides the strength and courage to face problems of life effectively. Stress adversely affects the emotions of an individual. Anxiety affects the perception, thought process and other cognitive processes of a person in a negative manner. Depression is a serious mental illness that adversely affects the life of a person leading to the development of various psychological disorders. This article indicates that there is positive correlation of students' depression with anxiety and stress but all the three mental illnesses had a negative correlation with resilience. Although through self awareness and sometimes through some tips and techniques individuals can improve their resilience. For a person to become more resilient sometimes may also need professional help. |
Pages: 379-381 Tribes have their own way of life, culture, and methods of living, but despite this, they continue to face long-standing social and economic hardships. While there are growing worries about their socio-economic issues, their understanding of psychosocial issues is not thoroughly examined. The current study is conducted to identify and consolidate the psychological and social difficulties faced by tribal adolescents through existing literature.30 empirical research papers were reviewed for understanding the issues. Results revealed that tribal students are facing many psycho-social challenges in their lives. Tribal students have low levels of Self-esteem, Psychological Hardiness, Achievement needs, Social and Psychological Issues, behavioral problems, academic achievement, and self-confidence compared to their counterparts. There is a need for structuring and implementing interventions to enhance the psycho-social skills of tribal students. |
Pages: 382-384 Agriculture is the livelihood of the mass population of India. The agriculture sector plays a vital role in the growth of employment, GDP, national income, and the Indian economic system. Agriculture development depends on government agricultural policy. Farmer's happiness is always been the main concern of the Indian government. For agriculture development, the government has executed various schemes. MSP, eNAM, CACA, NIAM, SFAC, AGMARKNET, I-SHAKTI, ITC e-choupal, and IFFCO portal these agencies provide help to agriculture development. Minimum support prices (MSP), agricultural produce marketing committee (APMC) acts, and PM Kisan Samman Nidhi yojana, are keystones for the development of farmers. The purpose of the study is to highlight the government support in agriculture development with the help of various schemes. This paper also illustrates the importance and new developments in agricultural development with the help of government support. |
Pages: 385-389 Everyone was isolated for a lengthy period during the COVID lockdown, which resulted in binge-watching. An alarming trend has been burgeoning among emerging adults with internet usage due to online streaming platforms such as Netflix, Hotstar, Amazon Prime, and others. Binge-watching is very popular, especially among the younger generation, and they have access to the internet regularly. People started spending their valuable time in front of screens and always watched episodes of series and shows repetitively in one sitting. This habit produced multiple negative outcomes and created an unbalance in society. People started desensitizing the value of time and started neglecting their physical and psychological health. The more binge-watching you do, the more sleep deprivation you'll have, which can lead to both mental and physical exhaustion. From a psychological point of view, there is a growing need to figure out the consequences of binge-watching and its related aspects. The major aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between binge-watching, sleep quality, and fatigue among emerging adults. A sample of 140 emerging adults aged between 18-22 were selected from various colleges located in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The personal data sheet and standardized instruments were used to measure binge-watching, sleep quality, and fatigue. The study results showed that there is a significant relationship between binge-watching, sleep quality, and fatigue. Hence, the study results can be adopted to design certain psychological interventions to improve sleep quality and diminish binge-watching and fatigue. |
Page: 370-377 During this pandemic situation, trade plays the pivotal role to save lives and livelihoods. Toensure uninterrupted trade flow between nations, international co-operation is required. During this uncertain situation, action need to be taken to ensure uninterrupted flow of supply Chainse specially for products related food and health supplies, to boost confidence in trade and global markets by bringing more transparency about trade-related practices and intentions; and to avoid unnecessary export restrictions and other trade barriers. During Pre-COVID times, international trade flows of India with rest of the BRICS Nations were flourishing. Through this paper an attempt is made to study the trend of trade flows of India with rest of the world during Pre-COVID times and during present |
Pages: 95-99 All over the World Indigenous knowledge plays an important role in the conservation of nature and natural resources. It passed orally from one generation to the next and continued generation-wise without any written form. In Indian Sundarbans, people use traditional knowledge to adapt themselves to this flood and cyclone-prone area. The forest-dependent people such as honey collectors, fishers, crab collectors, and forest-independent people cultivators use indigenous knowledge. But the young generation is less interested in their ancestral traditions and they disappear rapidly. The objective of this study is to find out the indigenous knowledge among school students. A quantitative research design is adopted with purposive sampling in the Sundarbans locality. Data collection was performed by telecommunication due to the COVID-19 pandemic time. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. The analysis shows that it is essential to conserve valuable Indigenous Knowledge. It needs to be present interestingly to the young generation, i.e., school students in this study. Also, Government should take initiatives to protect indigenous knowledge. |
Pages: 100-106 Advertisements are regularly floated in the media that exhibit sufficiently 'bold' messages, to make them stand out in the cluttered world of advertising. Sex being the most primitive instinct of human beings, it is being widely used for tantalizing sexual fantasies of the consumers. This study was conducted upon 60 female participants, age ranging from 20-60 yrs, with the aim to develop an understanding about their acceptance of use of sexual appeal in advertisements. For this purpose, 9 advertisements having varying degrees of sexual content, selected from a pool of 194 advertisements based on judgement of experts, were rated by the participants for sexual content and sexual appeal on 10 point equal interval scale. Data were analysed statistically using Mean, SD, t test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Findings show that even when consumers perceived variation in the extent of sexual contents of advertisements, their liking for those sexual contents did not vary accordingly. Implications of the findings were discussed. |
Pages: 107-111 “People have an inherent desire to appraise themselves, typically in contrast to others”, according to Leon Festinger's social comparison theory (1954). “People categorise (including themselves) in order to comprehend their social surroundings and social identity” (Tajfel, 1979). People do evaluation of themselves in relation to others by comparing and classifying. This process plays a crucial role in identity formation. Identity development is precisely a personal process which occurs in a specific social and cultural context. Media since its inception has been playing an important role in setting the context and portraying the image of women by showing the ideal body image. Media plays a crucial role in perpetuating the societal concept of "stereotypical attractiveness". There is reduction in social interaction and increased usage of social media due to the pandemic COVID-19. At a personal level, people absorb more messages from social media (Lee, 2009). How these messages of the media affect the perception of young women about their body image in relation to the images which the media perpetuates for being attractive for women in society in setting beauty trends of society. The current study is an attempt to understand how young women perceive their body image and how they view themselves in relation to others, and how they develop their own social identities, in light of the media's influence in the contemporary context of COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was constructed to collect data from 152 respondents. The data was analysed qualitatively into percentages and themes. The findings show that the respondents' attitudes about their body image and actions are contradictory, as they compare themselves to women on social media. They use filters and do care about the opinion of other people about their own appearance. Majority of respondents in this study had never been subjected to online body shaming. They were concerned with negative trolling, pressures, judgments, and being deemed "unfit" for what is deemed "attractive." in the society by messages of the media. Respondents were convinced about the malpractices of the media and were quite critical of the same. The study suggests that media should portray women in more realistic body images which could actually help women retain a healthy body image. Young women should recognise that one is capable of going beyond the "idealised attractive bodies" which are promoted by society through “social stereotypical attractiveness” and, particularly, when social media promotes unattainable body images for young women from different social -cultural contexts. The implications of the study reiterates that young women should develop positive body image and be in congruence with their real self than ideal self which is based on unrealistic expectations created by social stereotypical attractiveness norms set by society and influenced by media's portrayals of women. |
Pages: 112-114 The main aim of this study is to present various issues and problems of vegetables supply chain in Fatehabad, a district situated in south-western part of Haryana. The purpose of this study was to see the issues perceived by the farmers in vegetable cultivation and to explore the link of the chosen characteristics of the vegetable growers with their problems. In this survey total 200 farmers were selected from various part of Fatehabad. Information about various aspects of vegetable supply chain management were collected, ranging from demographic to storage and transportation. It can be concluded that the supply chain of Vegetables is burdened with post-harvest wastages and losses due to long chain, dependency on chain, lack of transportation facilities, less efficient Mandi system, poor infrastructure of distribution, less adequate cold chain facilities, higher cost of packing, poor linkage in supply chain etc. It results in poor price realization of farmers on one hand and over prices paid by buyers on the other end. |
Pages: 115-120 The state of women who are victims of intimate partner violence is denoted by the word 'battered'. Such atrocities against women have become a rampant issue in India, with appalling physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and economic consequences. The quality of life is significantly low among women around the world as the levels of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms have been found in 55-92% of women with a history of battering. The present study aims to develop and examine the efficacy of a self-supportive intervention on post-traumatic stress symptoms and quality of life among battered wives in Madhya Pradesh, India. This intervention aims to reduce the level of post-traumatic stress symptoms and increase the quality of life among battered wives based on mindfulness-based cognitive theory, and emotional processing theory. Posttraumatic Symptom Scale Instruments Version for DSM-5 (PSS-I-5) and WHO Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL) will be utilized as assessment tools. This study will make use of a mixed research method. The current study will be executed based on the main three elements of Conklin's (1997) 'program development model'; namely, (1) planning, (2) design and implementation, and (3) evaluation of the newly created program (SSI). |
Pages: 121-125 Modern society is very heavily influenced by the media, be it television, video, newspapers, movies, the internet, or social media. The media is responsible for the dissemination of information as well as shaping attitudes and belief systems. The media's influence on gender stereotypes has affected how many individuals view the different genders and has also impacted how individuals behave in accordance with prevalent gender norms and stereotypes. The media has constructed gender norms, definitions of masculinity and femininity, general stereotypes, and the overall image of how each gender should be. It depicts activities that may not be appropriate or safe, but it normalizes them for each gender, thereby establishing norms that impact persons who may or may not adhere to these ideas and standards. The current paper reviews the literature with a special focus on the impact of varied media on the development and maintenance of gender stereotypes and behaviors. |
Pages: 126-129 In this era of globalisation, it is very vital for Indian farmers to produce higher production within minimum cost by emphasizes the need to educate farmers for adopting improved technology. Vermicompost is superior among the most efficient methods for recycling organic waste as with the hefty use of fertilizers, the fertile lands were affected and as a result humans were immensely affected. It is an eco-friendly easy technology for handling biodegradable waste and encourage efficient recycling of biomass even generates income and employment for the rural poor is being promoted as a prudent option. The present study was conducted to Assess the Farmer's Attitude and Knowledge, Factors Influencing and Constraints faced by them in the adoption of Vermicompost in Jind district, Haryana. The findings of the study exhibited that the majority of farmers (82% & above) agreed that the use of vermicompost decreases the use of fertilizers, it also reduces the environmental pollution and improve the quality & quantity of output. Further validity and reliability of a questionnaire has been tested using Cronbach's alpha method. The factor analysis with 12 observed variables summarized in terms of three imperative factors with Cronbach alpha values .845, .836 and .674. Cronbach alpha for all the factors is greater than 0.6, hence questionnaire is reliable and strength of factor 1 is more with higher value of Cronbach alpha. The study has specified that majority of farmers (84%) were having moderate level of knowledge and a favorable attitude towards vermicompost technology. In addition, major constraints noted were- the non-availability of worms in nearby market, high temperature during summers and lack of knowledge about preparation of vermicompost. As a whole, the findings of the study concluded that food safety, better plant quality, environmental safety, nutrition content & improve soil aeration are effective variables with high factor loading. Vermicomposting technology is highly beneficial and helps in improving the economic status of the manufacturers and farmers. To remove constraints and for hastening the use of vermicompost, it is essential to train farmers, every stakeholder including farmers, governmental functionaries and non-governmental organizations should focus and organized efforts need to be taken to remove the constraints. |
Pages: 130-135 Increase in Population is a major burning issue in India. With increase in population, the requirement for food is increasing day by day. To achieve the requirement of food production the use of chemical fertilizers, toxic pesticides, and hybrids are increasing day by day and due to this the human health and nature are being adversely affected. Organic Farming is the only way to protect ourselves and nature from deadly chemicals. Now a days among the farmers the knowledge and attitude about organic agriculture in India is increasing. So keeping in mind the importance of organic method verses conventional method and to keep the soil alive, a study was conducted among 120 organic and conventional farmers. The study was carried out in four districts of Haryana state namely Hisar, Bhiwani, Kaithal, and Sonepat to know the attitude and knowledge level along with factors associated with knowledge level. Results revealed that half of the organic respondents (50%) had medium knowledge level where as 33.34 % and 16.66 % of respondent had high and low knowledge level respectively where as 48.33% of conventional farmers had medium knowledge and 38.33% and 13.34% were having low and high knowledge level respectively. Attitude of the farmers regarding organic farming showed that pest pressure was major problem in organic farming, got rank I, food security and health can attained through organic, rank II and organic was comparative complex than conventional got ranked III with weighted mean score 2.61, 2.55,2.41 respectively. Socio-economic factors significantly associated with knowledge level of adopter farmers were age, education, family type, size of land holding, mass media exposure, annual income, social participation, and extension contacts. Overall organic farming is a new system of agriculture that repairs, maintains and improves the ecological balance. |
Pages: 136-142 The present study was undertaken to assess the determinants of psychological capital among rural and urban adolescents residing in Ludhiana district of Punjab state. The sample comprised of 400 school going adolescents (16-18 years) selected randomly from Government Senior Secondary Schools. A personal information sheet was used to record data regarding demographic profile. Psychological Capital scale developed by Luthans, Youssef, and Avolio was used to assess the psychological capital among adolescents. Significant locale-wise differences were found at low level of efficacy dimension of psychological capital. Significant locale differences existed between adolescents which revealed that major proportion of rural respondents than urban respondents were found at medium level of psychological capital. Higher percentage of urban respondents then rural respondents existed at medium category of optimism dimension of psychological capital. With regard to total sample significant locale differences were found at medium level as well as among boys of both rural and urban areas. |
Pages: 143-146 The present study reflects the research output of National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra (NITK), Haryana (India) during 2012 to 2021 by using data from Scopus database. The study shows the total scientific output, authors' productive counts, international collaborations, most preferred journals for publications and top subject categories of publications during ten years. The study concludes that NITK decadal scientific productivity was 5256 publications. Maximum output was marked in the year 2019; Highest Citations were recorded in the year 2021 (12624); Highest publications were contributed by the subject category Engineering (2732) followed by computer science (2392); Highest collaboration with United States in publication of research output papers (78 papers); Most productive authors of NITK was Gupta, BB (269 papers); followed by Kumar, A (143 papers). |
Pages: 147-153 The following study aims to achieve a clear outline of the perspective of students of Manav Rachna about the vaccination drive being held in the country. Data for Statistical Analysis was chosen to be collected via distributing survey questionnaires, through online platforms. The current study assessed Cognition, Attitude and regarding Fulfilment of government guidelines during vaccination of students of Manav Rachna University, Faridabad towards COVID-19 Vaccine. Results showed a good amount of the population, already vaccinated and the rest manifested a promising attitude towards getting vaccinated in the foreseeable future. After this study It was concluded that the majority of the students had proper knowledge about the vaccine and its possible side effects and all those who were not yet vaccinated are willing to get vaccinated soon. Basically, the survey suggested a optimistic response with regards to Government's drive. |
Pages: 154-160 In comparison to traditional crops, horticulture crop production is a highly specialised, sophisticated, and profitable endeavour being grown by the farmers. Association between education and level of knowledge was found highly significant. An overwhelming majority (88.7%) of the respondents who had education up to graduation and above level had high level of knowledge about horticultural crops. On the other hand annual family income was found highly significant with the level of knowledge. The relationship between socioeconomic position and knowledge level was found to be highly significant. Nearly three-fourth (78.7%) of the respondents who had high socio-economic status had high level of knowledge. Association between caste and level of adoption was found highly significant with the level of adoption. It was found that more than half of the respondents (51.0%) were from the general caste and had a high level of adoption. There was a significant association between the type of family and the level of adoption. Regarding socio-economic factors seventy five percent of the respondents agreed that their income increase through horticultural crops. It was also found that 61.9 percent of the respondents were agreed that use of chemical fertilizer decreased in horticultural crops. |
Pages: 161-166 The investigation was carried out during 2020-21 in North west Kaithal district of Haryana state among 120 farmers. The study aimed to investigate the nature and extent of level of adoption along with factors associated with adoption of Super straw Management System (SMS) among farmers and reasons for adoption and non adoption of SMS. Socio-economic impact of SMS on adoption was also acknowledged. Results revealed that 2/5th of the farmers (40.00%) had low level of adoption while 33.33% had medium and rest (26.67%) of the farmers had greater level of the acceptance of SMS. Age, degree of education, amount of land holding, income, social organisation, participation, and SES were all socioeconomic characteristics that were strongly associated with adoption level. Reasons for adoption of SMS by overwhelming majority of the farmers (85.00%) that SMS system attached to combine harvesters enables the machine to cut the straw in small pieces and distribute it behind it regularly on the field. Regarding other benefits near about 3/5th of the farmers were agreed that it increases average yield of wheat by 2-4% as compared to conventional practices while some of the reasons for non adoption of Super straw management system, 86.67% of the farmers were agreed that high power requirement, i.e., 8-10 hp is required as compared to conventional combine harvester and 60% of the farmers reported that approximate 6 litres of extra fuel consumption with combine harvester is required. Farmers reported an increase in mass media exposure (71.67 percent), urban contacts/movement (63.33 percent), social mobility pattern (58.33 percent), and extension contacts (53.33 percent), etc. as the overall socioeconomic impact of SMS adoption Allover adoption of SMS is a beneficial environment friendly agricultural farm technology. |
Pages: 167-174 Indian Agrarian structure mainly comprises three classes namely, farmers (kisaan), middlemen (Arthiyas), and laborers (mazdur). Three farm laws were passed in September 2020, and it was stated by various experts that these farm laws would impact the current agrarian structure and this would introduce the big corporations into the agricultural sector, eliminate the middlemen from the structure, introduce private mandis besides the state controlled APMC mandi and make the farmers (who are the owners of the soil ) the tillers on their own land due to the introduction of contract farming. It was also alleged that these farm laws favor capitalists who are now eyeing the agricultural sector. This led to the historical kisaan Andolan with farmers of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh playing a major role in the Andolan. This study aims to understand the potential impact of three farm laws on the current agrarian structure using the case study method. Structured interviews were conducted in five villages of Punjab and Haryana (the states from which played a major role in Andolan) across different castes like Sikh Jatts in Punjab and; Sainis, Rodes, Jatts in Haryana. Interviews of laborers were also conducted which included laborers from different castes like Baazigars, Dhanuk, Kevat, Yadavs, Kamat (only Baazigars were from Punjab others were migrant laborers). Middlemen were also interviewed. All three classes were interviewed as a remarkable unity was seen among the three classes during the Andolan. It was found that a sense of trust ran across the three classes and almost all of them were fearful that private players (big corporations) would enter the agricultural sector and the whole well-organized agrarian structure would collapse and the entry of private mandis will destroy the state-controlled mandis. This study also aims to understand why big corporations are eyeing the agricultural sector and what kind of profits they will be able to extract from the agricultural sector. |