Page: 07-11
Shyla Thomas Puthusserry1 and Clarissa F. Delariarte2 (Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines1 and Department of Psychology, Far Eastern and University, Philippines, Department of Psychology, De La Salle University, Philippines2)

The rapid progress of the COVID-19 pandemic is known as a period of psychological stress and can negatively affect the women's menstrual cycle and premenstrual symptoms severity. Young college students aged 18 to 24 are considered late adolescents or youth are the more vulnerable group affected with psychological disorders by the quick closures of universities. Studies reporting that stress is significantly related to the frequency and severity of premenstrual distress and quality of life remain questionable among young women. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional predictive research study to examine the relationship between premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which is the severe form of premenstrual syndrome, and quality of life among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic living in the Karnataka region of South India. The respondents' demographic data, Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (Steiner et al., 2003) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref) were used as assessment tools. The purposive sampling method was used for gathering the data, and 400 students participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were done for the quantitative data analysis. The study's findings showed a strong negative correlation between premenstrual symptoms severity and quality of life, which was statistically significant (r=-.819; p=001). The current study also highlighted that premenstrual disorder was a strong predictor of poor quality of life among late adolescents (R2= .671; β=-.819). Identifying the growing impact of premenstrual dysphoric disorder on late adolescents' quality of life, these findings can be a foundation for a psychological intervention program to alleviate the issues as early as possible and to improve the quality of life of this target population.

Page: 15-18
Krati Kala and Uma Mittal (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Social Intelligence is the ability to successfully build relations and navigate social environments. Defense Mechanism refers to innate involuntary regulatory processes that allow individuals to reduce cognitive dissonance and to minimize sudden changes in internal and external environments by altering how these events are perceived. Coping Strategies are conscious efforts made by individuals to alter the environment so as to reduce stress and are generally employed when the situation is controlled. These conscious and unconscious behaviors somehow reflect the mechanisms underneath which operate to influence the adjustment of the individual in the outer environment which are detrimental for the health and happiness of an individual. Late adolescence's stage is the transition period where one enters a new phase and has so many years ahead to establish healthy relations Therefore the present study aims to predict Social Intelligence on the basis of Defense Mechanism and coping strategies as used by 200 adolescents (100 male & 100 female) between the age ranges of 19 to 22 years. They completed a self report questionnaire of Social Intelligence (Tromso Intelligence Scale, 2001); Defense Mechanism (Defense Mechanism inventory, 2012); Coping Strategies (The ways of coping questionnaire revised, 1986). Bivariate correlation demonstrates that there is a significant positive correlation between social intelligence and turning against objects; projection; and principalization. A significant negative correlation was found between social intelligence and turning against self and reversal. Bivariate correlation between Social Intelligence and Coping Strategies showed a significant negative correlation between escape avoidance and seeking social support. Linear regression showed 43% of the variance in Social Intelligence was depicted by Defense Mechanism and Coping strategies taken together.

Page: 26-31
Sanjana Menon, T. Sanjana, and N.T Sudhesh (Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka)

The present study looks at the impact of the changing environment on workplace well-being among MNC employees. The sample consists of 113 employees working in Multinational Companies in Bangalore, India. Changing environment includes the disturbances caused due to human interference in natural processes like climate change, greenery, infrastructure and traffic. A self-developed survey questionnaire was used to collect the data and the results showed that the climate change impacted the work stress, motivation and productivity moderately. Greenery and traffic impacted the workplace well-being very much and extremely respectively. The common response for infrastructure was that it impacted well-being very much.

Page: 37-42
Radha Maddhesia (Department of Psychology, Awadh Law College, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh)

This work investigates acculturation experiences of Nepali immigrants residing in India and Indian immigrants residing in Nepal from the Indo-Nepal border areas alongside the eastern Uttar Pradesh border. The sample comprised of a total of 14 families 7 families from each nation. For the present study a semi-structured interview was demeanor to collect data from participants and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was taken into consideration. Thematic analysis was done to explore the consequences of migration in immigrants. It was revealed that there was an assortment of problems across different ages faced due to migration such as linguistic barriers, drift between two different worlds and cultures, developing segregation, ethnocentrism; diffuse identity while keeping pace between both cultures. It was found that there was discrepancy in views and opinions among family members in different perspectives after migrating to another country. A heavy burden is placed on the child who must serve as a cultural and linguistic broker while still in the process of being socialized to the culture of the parents as well as of the host culture. Immigrant parents are often involved in their own acculturation but sometimes must rely on their more rapidly acculturating children to assist them with their daily functioning. Thus, the present endeavor attempts to provide an understanding of the processes and difficulties experienced by immigrants across different developmental stages that could prove to be an important aspect of understanding their psychological and behavioral perspectives during adjustment processes and come out of stressors.

Page: 50-54
Jemima Travasso1 and Raosaheb Raut2 (Psychologist, Maharashtra1, Department of Applied Psychology, University of Mumbai, Maharashtra2)

The present research study was carried out to understand the relationship between feelings of injustice and Suicide Ideation with the moderating effects of Stress and Social Support. Feelings of injustice are consist of workplace bullying, harassment and discrimination. Correlational research design was employed for the study. A total 79 participant's data was collected using purposive sampling technique. Participants from the ages of 18-55 and currently working in Mumbai City were included in the study. In this study, The Chronic Work Discrimination and Harassment Scale (CWDH) (2011); Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) (2009); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (1983); Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (1988); and Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) (2014) psychological tools were administered to collect data. R statistical software used to analyse appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that Social Support moderated the significant relationship between Suicide Ideation and amounts of Bullying in the workplace. In that it reduced the prevalence of Suicide Ideation. It was also found that Stress moderated the significant relationship between Suicide Ideation and Bullying in the workplace. In that it increased the prevalence of Suicide Ideation. The results supporting the relationship between the rest of the variables were inconclusive. Possible reasons for these results are explained. Limitations and implications of research study and future research in the area is also advised.

Page: 63-69
Soni Kewalramani and Sneha Hazra (Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh)

Marital Attitudes and Expectations refer to an individual's thoughts, beliefs and approach towards the institution of marriage and relevant anticipations regarding the characteristics of one's own marital relationship. Adverse Childhood Experience insinuates one's exposure to intensive and habitual toxic stress or traumatic events before the age of 18 years. Family Relationship pertains to the degree of connectedness among the members in a household. The present paper aimed to analyse the association of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and the aspects of present family relationship (i.e., cohesiveness, expressiveness & conflict) with marital attitudes and expectations in Indian young adults.

Page: 75-79
R.N. Singh1, Jagdish Singh Dixit2, and Anita Yadav3 (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh1, Department of Psychology, T. D. College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh2, and Department of Psychology, Bihari Mahila College, Machhalishahar Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh3)

This study was conducted to assess the effects of locale on the personality characteristics of the students measured in terms of big five factors personality. The sample comprised 250 rural and 250 urban students in the age range of 14 to 20 years belonging to Jaunpur U.P. (India) and studying in intermediate colleges. They were administered the Hindi version of big five factors personality scale. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The two groups differed significantly on all but one dimension (neuroticism). The results in general suggest that locale is an important variable which exerts differential effects on the personality of the adolescents. The results are vigorously discussed and interpreted and implications of the study are also underlined. In addition to it, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also highlighted.

Page: 85-88
Shilpa Siby and R. Nithya (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Page: 252-257
Molly U. Mundaden and Joy Tungol (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines and Department of Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Grief is a natural response to a universal event of death. Spousal loss can affect an individual's psychological, physical, and social state. To cope with this situation is very difficult 10-15% of grieving people extend complex reactions like depression, bereavement .included posttraumatic disorder, and prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Widowhood may be traumatic and the related personal variables, prolonged grief, and poor meaning in life in widows' life are associated with an out-sized range of unfavorable physical and psychological states, results as well as psychological distress, high rates of morbidity, and mortality particularly within the initial year of the death of a spouse. This study is designed to determine the level, age, level of education, time of marriage, number of children, occupation, and period of widowhood influence widows' grief and it extended to Prolonged Grief among young widows. A total of 247 young widows, ranging in age from 25 to 40 were selected purposively after consultation with the District Employment Exchange Officer and Director of KSSF' (Kerala Social Service Forum). One Hundred and fifty (150) widows met the inclusion criteria and 123 volunteered to participate in the study. With their informed consent, they were requested to fill up the questionnaire for the study. Among them, a total of 123 widows were having a moderate level of prolonged grief symptoms and a low level of meaning in life. Two instruments namely; the Prolonged Grief Scale (PG-13) and Meaning in Life Scale (MLQ) are used as assessment tools. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Pearson product-second relationships. All hypotheses were assessed at a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical package known as SPSS was identified for analysis. As with Pearson's equality, the Results showed that widows who received a moderate Level of Grief are very different from their strategies for correcting the goal of being a widowhood meaning in life, based on age, access to education, duration of the marriage, number of children, duration of widowhood and occupation. The overall result clearly shows that there exists a relationship between prolonged grief and meaning in life among young widows and is significantly correlated with PG-13 level. It was concluded that when the prolonged grief increases it leads to very low meaning in life. That is negatively and significantly related as shown by the analysis significant. Based on the findings of this project, appropriate recommendations are made, one of which is that counselors can systematically use the corrective strategies learned in this study to help widows cope with life's uncertainties.

Page: 266-270
Salma Seth1 and Narendra K. Chadha2 (Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, Delhi1 and Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi2)

Gender plays a challenging role in intergenerational relationships within the families in the West and in India too. Research highlights the emphasis on the social constructionist paradigm in the West and the psychodynamic perspective (emphasising inner family dynamics) adopted in India in order to understand and explain the gender differences in family exchanges. A synthesis of the two approaches may not be possible due to differences in methodology and variations in culture. However, such knowledge could stimulate research using different methodologies in different cultures for an in-depth understanding of the role of gender in intergenerational familial relationships.

Page: 275-282
Monika Rikhi and Tarush (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), University of Delhi, Delhi)

The behavioural trends amongst the older Indian population have drastically changed in the past two decades. Given the existing load of diseases and lower levels of physical activity among India's elderly, it is widely recognised that older persons are more vulnerable. This paper aims to understand the decadal differences in their health status and leisure-time activities engagement, which can be attributed to various contexts in which geriatrics dwell. A cross-sectional study was carried out using individualised data collected with the help of a checklist/fixed-response questionnaire to determine the differences between the prevalence of ailments and the leisure-time activity engagement on two cross-sections, i.e., 2001 and 2021. Total 410 individuals over the age of 60 were included in the study during the course of its duration (200 males; 210 females). Descriptive and inferential analysis shows that time trends in ailments (10 out of 29) and leisure-time activities (17 out of 23) for samples A & B are significantly different at .05 and .01 levels of significance (denoted by p < .05 & .01). This study demonstrated that the two major dimensions of quality of life have improved with fewer ailments and more involvement in leisure-time activities. In conclusion, current demographic trends combined with rising urbanization and lifestyle changes have resulted in a slew of challenges for the elders in India. Although this study has mostly focused on the transitions in the elderly world, it is important to note that improvement in the quality of life of the elderly requires a comprehensive strategy and coordinated efforts from the health-related sectors.

Page: 288-291
Atul Madan1 and Dwarka Pershad2 (Department of Clinical Psychology, NHS Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab1 and Consultant Clinical Psychologist and Trainer, Sector 48-C (PUDA), Chandigarh2)

Relatively in a short period, Clinical Psychology has become the science of all the sciences and has been integrated into health, rehabilitation, and education, etc. It has a great opportunity to get employment and to start own private practice. The country has a shortage of clinical psychologists. Nearly 40 institutes are recognized by the Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) that are producing nearly 400 candidates each year including M.Phil and Diploma in Rehabilitation Psychology, M.Phil and Diploma in Clinical Psychology. Surprisingly, so far only about one thousand five hundred qualified candidates are registered with the RCI. Despite the growth of the profession, there have been certain challenges in the field. These challenges are, (1) debate about the nomenclature of the degree that is awarded by the university. It started with a diploma in medical psychology (DMP), then, DMSP (Diploma in Medical & Social Psychology), to M.Phil Clinical Psychology. M.Phil Sounds as One Year Course of the Universities with 500 hours teaching training. Whereas, RCI-MPhil is a two-year course with long working hours and with minimum holidays and off days, (2) how to fill the gap in demand and supply of clinical psychologists, (3) autonomy in the field for administrative and planning decisions, (4) right of prescription privilege. These issues are discussed, and some solutions are suggested.

Page: 296-299
Simran Rani and C.K. Singh (I. C. College of Home Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana)

Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood and plays a decisive role in the formation of prosocial/antisocial adult. All of us undergo this stage which poses many challenges and is full of excitement. At the same time it demands adjustment on many fronts. When we come to this world we are completely dependent upon others and learn gradually to be independent. In India, the adolescents do most of the work themselves but the final decision regarding various domains of life is taken by their parents. Parental supervision, monitoring, support has a major role in coping up with these challenges.