Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare (IAHRW)
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A Look at COVID-19’s Influence on MSMEs, Agriculture, and Education and More

Pages: 227-229
Gurinayat Brar,1 Zaara Brar,2 Sahejdeep Kaur,3 Aarav Ahuja,4 and Vidit Verma5 (BSc Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK1, Strawberry Fields High School, Chandigarh2,4, Carmel Convent School, Chandigarh3, and Doon School, Dehradoon, Uttarakhand5)

It is unprecedented for the Indian economy to be faced with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Preceding the epidemic, economic development had slowed to a crawl, and unemployment and poverty had risen to unprecedented levels. Consequently, when the pandemic struck in March 2020, the country's ability to deal with a new catastrophe was weakened. Afterwards, the economy was hit by a severe economic downturn that touched all industries. The study covers different aspects concerning Indian economic status. Many businesses have been impacted by COVID-19, including the pharmaceutical industry, hospitality, tourism, aviation, real estate, and housing. In the wake of the crisis, at least 15 million jobs were lost, according to estimates. The purpose of this review analysis is to determine the impact of Covid-19 and the lockout on the Indian economy. India, being a rapidly developing country, would be hit hard by the effects of this natural disaster.

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Hindi Version of Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Form (BRIEF-A)

Pages: 230-234
Sadhana Yadav1 and R. N. Singh2 (Department of Psychology, Juhari Devi Girls P. G. College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh1 and Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh2)

There is no comprehensive tool to assess global executive function of Indian adults. However, there are numerous Indian adaptations of performance based tools of cognitive function which assess executive function as a dimension, but of course no tool is available which can measure it separately and provide a global assessment of it. The Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version was developed originally in English language (Roth, Isquith, & Gioia, 2005). In view of the above, present study is an attempt to prepare a Hindi version of BRIEF-A, self-report. Translation and Back-translation method were used for this purpose. The sample comprised 100 participants coming both from the rural and urban areas of North India. The age range of participants was 40 to 60 years. Data analyses showed that all the items of the translated version have excellent reliability and validity.

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Depression, Anxiety and Stress of the Adolescent Destitute (Orphans)

Pages: 235-239
Michael P. Vallavanthra (Department of Research and Evaluation, Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Depression, anxiety and stress of adolescent orphans living in orphanages is the main topic of the research work. In this context, the influence of variables such as depression, anxiety and stress on orphans is studied. The present paper shows the result of this study. A sample of 210 orphans is randomly selected from various orphanages in Thrissur district of Kerala. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS 21) a short version of Levobond and Levibond's (1995) 42 item self-report measure of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS) is used to measure the variables. The sample is studied on three levels namely early (12 to 14 years-Group 1), middle (14 to 17 years-Group 2), and late (17 to 19 years-Group 3) adolescents based on adolescent phases. Results of ANOVA show that there is a significant difference in depression between the three groups, where, early and middle adolescents show significantly higher levels of depression compared to late adolescents. The three groups are also compared using 't' test to find out gender differences in depression, anxiety and stress. It is found that females are high on anxiety compared to males in the middle adolescent group. In the late adolescent group, females are higher on depression, anxiety and stress, compared to males. It is also found that there exists a significant positive correlation between depression, anxiety and stress.

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The Effect of Art and Music on Stress and Anxiety Levels in Adolescents

Pages: 240-242
Sanya Aggarwal (Delhi Public School, R.K. Puram, New Delhi)

Previous studies have shown that music and art therapy can aid in the prevention and treatment of a range of psychosocial illnesses. They both aid in the development of effective learning strategies and emotional self-control and are also effective tools for expressing emotions, processing difficult feelings, and finding solace (Guest Author, 2018). Adolescence is a difficult time for teens since they are undergoing so many physical, social, and emotional changes and thus, are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety attacks, and despair. Art and music are known to help in lowering cortisol levels in humans and consequently increasing dopamine production in the body and thus providing peace of mind to adolescents. To reach a conclusion, the researcher conducted a study using the mailed questionnaire approach to investigate teenage stress levels and if art and music therapy helps them cope, as well as research about its effectiveness. Art and music therapy were mentioned by the majority of the participants as beneficial stress coping strategies, and it was also concluded that ignoring stress and anxiety situations doesn't usually help; rather proves to be more detrimental to their mental well-being. These results support the hypothesis that stress and anxiety levels in adolescents can be significantly reduced using effective coping techniques such as art and music therapy.

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The Covid-19 Epidemic and its Profound Effects on Global Economy

Pages: 243-246
Gurinayat Brar1, Kismat Dosanjh2, and Inaksh Kaur Saran3 (BSc Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, Uk1, Class- XI, Strawberry Fields High School, Chandigarh2, and Class- XII, Vivek High School, Chandigarh3)

Coronavirus pandemics have spread over the globe. As a result, national economies and businesses are seeing the impact of the virus, which has left governments scrambling to come up with new strategies to contain it. Hundreds of thousands of individuals have been out of work or reduced in income. Joblessness has risen in almost all of the world's economies. Covid-19 has influenced our daily lives, businesses, and the global trade and movements in ways that have dramatically impacted the planet. To be able to keep the virus from spreading as quickly, it is important to identify the disease as early on as possible. Manufacturing of the products has all but come to a halt in the majority of countries. As a result of this sickness, a wide range of companies and sectors are affected, which include the pharmaceutical industry, the solar power industry, the travel industry, and the Information and electronics industry. This virus has major worldwide consequences as well as impacts on daily lives. The following studies represent the effect of covid-19 on the global economy.

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Gender Differences on Dimensions of Vocational Interest among Adolescent Students

Pages: 247-251
Mohammad Akram (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

In this advance era, we can observe that unemployment is increasing day by day and there are many vocations are vacant for the deserving, skilled and eligible candidates. This may be because of the choice of vocations and subject combination of the study in school is always a problem for students. So, before choosing the right career, it is very important for students that they must know about their interest, skills and ability and choose the stream and subjects/course very carefully according to their wishes. In this regard, the present research tries to make an attempt to assess the gender differences in different dimensions of vocational interest among adolescent students studying in 9th class, schools of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The Vocational Interest Record inventory (VIR) by Kulshrestha (1977) was used to collect data in which 150 (75 boys & 75 girls) students participated. The data was analyzed with the help of Mean, SD, and t-test. The result revealed that the adolescent students (male & female) were significantly differed on overall vocational interest while were not differed on the (commercial, constructive, agriculture, & persuasive) dimensions of vocational interest.

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Depression among diamond cutting and polishing industry workers

Pages: 57-60
Girijesh K. Yadav, Sunil Kumar, and Mahatam Mishra (ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat)

This study was conducted to assess the level of depression among diamond workers with respect to their job task. Three hundred forty-two diamond workers have been enrolled from Ahmedabad, Gujarat ranging between 18 to 60 years belonging to five different job tasks Ghattarasi (n=37), Table cutting (n=35), Talia bottom (N=123), Athpel (n=78) and Mathala (n=69). Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) has been used to assess the depression of diamond workers. Results showed a moderate level of depression (M=13.08, SD=7.9) among diamond workers. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in depression scores across different job tasks except Ghat tarasi workers. Ghat tarasi workers did not show depression. Hence, the level of depression among diamond workers have not been significantly influenced by their job task apart from ghat tarasi workers.

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Efficacy of gratitude and forgiveness as positive psychological intervention in reducing depression

Pages: 61-65
Shallu and Promila Batra (Department of Psychology, Maharishi Dayanad University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Depression has affected millions of people worldwide in their lifetime. Along with pharmacotherapy there is a need to identify psychotherapies which provide some value addition to the current treatment process. One of the various psychotherapies is based on principles of positive psychology. The role of Positive psychology interventions (PPI) as a treatment modality is not yet very clear. Current study served to test the effectiveness of gratitude and forgiveness as PPI in patients with depression. 30 patients suffering from mild to moderate depression were included in current study. A 7 session therapy module was designed including forgiveness and gratitude exercises. Gratitude interventions included daily gratitude journal, 5 things he/she is grateful for, thank you letter and grateful prompts. For forgiveness intervention REACH model was taken in sessions. Depression was measured with Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Other factors such as life orientation, satisfaction with life, quality of life, global improvement and therapeutic responses were also measured. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in depressive symptoms with increased quality of life and satisfaction with overall improvement in each domain. PPIs might be used as a therapeutic intervention in mild to moderate depression. Along with depression other factors also improved with long term effects.

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Adolescents’ belief in their selves: A study of self-esteem and locus of control

Pages: 66-70
Selene Khosla (Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi)

With an aim to explore how the constructs of self-esteem and locus of control are related among adolescents, a sample consisted of 100 adolescents between the age group of 15-19, studying in Delhi-NCR was chosen. Rosenberg's “Self-esteem Scale” (1965) with Levenson's “Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale” (1981) was employed to assess self-esteem along with locus of control (respectively). Being correlational in nature, it was undertaken to understand as well as explore the relationship between these two constructs. It was found that a positive correlation exists between the aforementioned variables. Significant differences with respect to gender, were found as well.

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Causes of suicidal deaths related to mental health

Pages: 71-73
Sushmita Upadhyay (Department of Psychology, M.G.P.G. College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study examined the cases of suicidal tendency in teenager and elders. For this study we have selected the different causes of suicidal deaths through newspaper and Internet. These causes presented with multiple causes for suicide. 70 cases were selected for the study. All the cases were related to both male and female. Two groups were drawn from the sample. In the first group, we have selected the age group between 15 to 25 years and for another group those cases were selected who are in between 26 to 60 years. The review explores the main factors which are responsible for suicide in Indian context and examined are lack of self confidence, lack of coping strategies towards the adversities of life situations. Youth psychiatric disorder are the key risk factors for the suicidal tendencies.

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An exploratory study of emotional and mental well-being of adolescence affected by air pollution

Pages: 74-80
Vinod K. Shanwal (Department of Education & Training, Gautam Buddha University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Environmental pollution is harmful to the health it has become one of the most prevalent issue that is faced by all the countries around the world. A vast literature has assessed the effects of pollution on all the living beings (Azam, Zaiyani, & Mood, 2016). There have been studies that indicate harmful effect of air pollution. Most of the available literature primarily focuses on physical health issues that arise due to air contamination. Impact of air pollution on mental and psychological health is explored in scarce proportions (UNICEF, 2020). Most of the developing countries are facing this problem on a greater level. The more harm it creates in developing nations less is the understanding of dangerous effects on mental and psychological health (World Health Organisation, 2018). To combat the detrimental effects of air pollution, existing studies have highlighted the necessity to work on increasing resilience and coping abilities in children (Theron et al., 2021). There is a need of focussed and planned formats to be practiced in order to develop coping abilities and measures to neutralise effects of air pollution on psychological and mental health of children (Azam, Zaiyani, & Mood, 2016). This study takes into consideration the mental and emotional health issues that children face, alongside developing a strategy which involves informing, educating and building interventions to deal with increasing harms of air pollution.

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Journalism and psychology

Pages: 81-83
Manpreet Ola (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)

Journalism is defined as the medium through which the world gets the daily news and information, it might be that information that we don't know about. Journalists write, present and talk about various topics of day to day life. It can be investigative information; it can be information and news about entertainment and other essential types of information related to sports, technology, mental health etc. But if we pay close attention to the various forms and types of journalism, we can see that it is mainly covering up the negative aspect or side of the story, hardly do we see or hear about positive changes and results in the world. Because of vast studies conducted worldwide on the harmful implications of negative journalism, the trend nowadays is moving towards positive journalism or as we commonly understand as constructive journalism. This sort of journalism instead of primarily revolving around negative side of the story, emphasizes the importance of seeing the solution-based side to the problem, it abstains from revolving around the negative side, instead pays attention to the positive, healthy news. Journalism is a very strong weapon that the entire world uses, therefore it's essential to use it constructively. By making use of positive journalism, journalists can change our thoughts, our negative mind sets, our thinking patterns. Not only this positive journalism also leads to generation of positive ideas. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of positive journalism on the psychological mind set of people.

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Impact and need of psychological counseling in a school setting

Pages: 84-87
Ritu Harbola (Department of Psychology, H.N.B.G. University, Srinagar (Gharwal), Uttarakhand)

This study attempts to underline the importance of psychological counseling in a school setting. This study tells us about the importance of counseling and counselor, why a counselor is needed in school and its importance of counseling in a school setting .The researcher were two school counselors, a mental health counselor educator, counseling believed in the necessity of working together in order to help promote academic achievement for all students and remove all hurdles. In this study, counseling strategies for implementing, counseling impact and implications for school counselor practice and research are discussed. Counseling common meaning is to talk about problems with someone. One of two individuals has experiences and competence that the other does not have and problems are solved by communication in the process of counseling. The counselor through skillful questions ascertains what the problem is and what is the significance of the problem? Counseling may be a very important tool for the management, prevention and care of any problem .Counselor has the responsibility of providing a basic knowledge about the facts of education, subject and psychological support through proper counseling of students. Counselors deal with students' problems like emotion, depression and other psychological problems. Good counselor may help in prevention of psychological problems, supporting students to make decisions in their own life. The counselor knows the correct facts from the students through the counseling process .The counselor guides the students in establishing relationships in various factors in the counseling process .Explain the important facts to the students which the students do not consider important. Indeed, counseling and counselors are the backbone of counseling services in school.

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Relationship between gratitude and happiness among young adults

Pages: 88-92
Anushka Kharbanda and Ashwani Mohan (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, AUUP, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Gratitude refers to the feeling of thankfulness. It can be expressed through words, gestures and various other ways. Happiness is a positive emotion. The individual experiencing happiness may feel pleasant, content, delightful etc. Young adult refers to individuals belonging in the age group of early twenties to late thirties. The present study is conducted to study the relationship between gratitude and happiness among young adults. The Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were administered amongst a sample of 100 (50 male, 50 female) participants. The participants belonged to the age group of 18-23 years and participated in the study by filling the Google forms. Result was calculated and analyzed using Excel. Findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between gratitude and happiness. This implies that both happiness and gratitude go hand-inhand thus showing that an individual who is happy would be grateful and a grateful individual would be happy. The results help in understanding the relationship between gratitude and happiness. People should be made aware of such positive and significant relationship so that they can use it in their lives for a healthy well-being. This would also help people strengthen their human strengths and enhance psychological well-being. Research can also be conducted to understand the diverse methods that can be used to enhance gratitude and therefore happiness. Studies can also be conducted to understand the impact of gratitude intervention and various gratitude exercises on the human's health.

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Empowering women emotionally through better emotional intelligence

Pages: 93-98
Nayanika Singh1 and Gurnoor Kaur Suri2 (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Sector 26, Chandigarh, Govt. of Punjab, Punjab1 and Department of Psychology Student, Sanskriti School, New Delhi2)

The concept of emotional intelligence primarily propagated and popularised by Goleman (1995) in Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, and invented by Mayer and Salovey, can be profoundly utilised to bridge the hindering gap between competent women leaders and the showcase of professionalism on the business front. Disassociating the stereotypically conceived notion of women being unfit for top management and leadership positions due to their emotional outlook, the present paper aims to highlight the path of empowering women by equipping them with emotional intelligence, reaping enormous business profit from their emotional appeal.

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Lord of the rings in light of the Jungian archetypes

Pages: 99-101
Ameek Kaur1 and Nayanika Singh2 (Bhavan Vidyalaya Chandigarh and Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Administration1 and Sector 26, Govt. of Punjab, Chandigar2)

“In addition to our immediate personal conscious…there exists a second psychic system of a collective, universal and impersonal nature which is identical in all individuals and is inherited. It consists of pre-existent forms, the archetypes” (Jung, The Collective Unconscious). The Collective Unconscious is a term that reflects upon the Doctrine of Innatism that each person is born with a dominant pre-existent image that only grows, solidifies, and gains consciousness in the environment that is offered to it. However, these images or archetypes that humans are born with are only actualized when they interact with the real world and grow along with the sociological manifestations. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to highlight and analyze how the characters from the fantasy fiction novel, The Lord of The Rings are based on the Jungian Archetypes and how at the end each of these characters falls into place vis a vis the archetypal dominance found in them.

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Effect of emotional freedom technique on health and well-being

Pages: 102-105
Arshiya Malik (Department of Psychology, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana)

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Ethiopian federalism: Multiethnic challenges and Eritrean secession

Pages: 106-108
Rajesh K. Jha (Department of Political Science, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Ethiopia had the challenge of accomodating its diverse Ethnicities in the constitution. The constitution focuses on ethnic autonomy and equality while mainataining the state. Through ethnic federalism it tried to achieve both unity and territorial integrity. The uniqueness of federal system lies in its constitutional provision for the right of secession. This paper analyses the ethnic diversities and the structure of ethnic federalism provided in the constitution. It also examines the working of Ethiopia's federal system. In the light of Ethiopia-Eritrean relation, it analyses the Eritrean secession from Ethiopia.

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Review on solar energy used in different technologies and its applications

Pages: 109-112
Hazel Gupta1 and Vivek Pathania2 (Carmel Convent School, Sector 9, Chandigarh1 and D.A.V. College, Sector 10, Chandigarh2)

In the last few decades, humanity has realized the importance of meeting its energy needs through the use of renewable energy sources. Solar power is one of the most environmentally friendly and widely available renewable energy sources. This paper examines the use of solar energy in various technologies and designs in order to meet people's needs and provide the most feasible option for long-term energy sustainability. In today's world, there are a variety of techniques for using solar energy in different aspects of household and commercial life. Solar energy can now be used for cooking, water heating, desalination, power generation, building heating and cooling, solar powered autonomous mobile vehicles, and sewage treatment plants, among other things. The aim of this research is to raise awareness about the few technologies centered on solar energy that are used around the world and are completely non-polluting, cheap, and abundant.

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Dealing with examination stress during COVID-19

Pages: 113-119
Nayanika Singh1 and Prisha Kapoor2 (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration (MGSIPA)1, and Sector 26, Chandigarh, Govt. of Punjab and Carmel Convent School, Sector 9, Chandigarh2)

In these uncertain times of Covid-19, people are experiencing insecurity and turmoil due to the outbreak of corona virus. The entire world is an absolute upheaval due to the outbreak of corona virus which was first identified as Corona virus occurred in Wuhan, China. Covid left students in lurch and coping with new system of evaluation led to high stress and anxiety levels leading to examination stress amongst children of all age groups. Against this back drop, it is critical to realize the effect of covid 19 on Indian education setup and the conditions that are beyond usual occurrence leading to fear, stress and vulnerability due to examination stress and effective measures to deal with the same. Keeping this in mind, the aim of the paper is to highlight and discuss as to how students should deal with examination stress amidst Covid-19 scenario.

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Impulsive tendency and juvenile delinquency

Pages: 120-123
Irfat Ara Khan (Department of Psychology GWC M.A Road, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir)

The purpose of the present study is to determine impulsivity differences between juvenile delinquents and school children. The sample for the study consisted of 20 Juvenile delinquents and 20 school children. Juvenile delinquents were selected from Government observation home, Harwan, Srinagar. As purposive sampling and school children were selected from several schools of Srinagar city as random sampling. Impulsiveness scale by Rai and Sharma, self-report inventory and interview technique have been administered as measuring tools. T-test was employed for testing the significance of difference in mean scores. Results revealed that juvenile delinquents are high impulsive in comparison to school children. Socio-economic status, family background and educational level are other psychosocial factors that influence delinquency.

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Prognostic value and behavioral demands

Pages: 124-127
Suresh KumarR (Department of Management, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat)

Today's Organization depends on the excellent quality of human resources to achieve the objectives and accomplish the long and short-term vision. The question is how to determine the right quality of people and assess the behavioral demands. One such concept that has evolved is identifying an index adept at evaluating the behavioral demand of any professional. That's how the word “Prognostic Value “ is found to appropriate in this context. Prognostic relates to a sign or event characterized by prediction or foretelling. This article helps to identify the Prognostic value of individuals working in an Organization, thus relating the behavior demands required for a job, an organization, or working in a team. Four strands “SCOP” pinned down here represents the behavior demands required for the job and how the Prognostic value can be ascertained to ensure that the Organization has the right capability that provides its success.

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Investigating the presence and social and political contribution of women in Islamic societies

Pages: 128-131
Abdul Rahman Salim and Enayatullah Saddiqyar (Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan, Department of Jurisprudence and law, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan)

Women are considered an essential part of the body of any society. As soon as all eyes are on this part of the community, it shows its existential importance, which occupied a large part of their thoughts, ideas, attitudes, beliefs, and pens of the writers. Women in the context of history have witnessed ups and downs, sometimes to the point of honor and sometimes to the spot of humiliation and lack of love. The rulers, cultures, religions, and sects looked at it according to their beliefs and set a line for them, which in many cases was not very pleasant. Contemporary women face also suffer from the same struggles in different societies as if history is repeating itself. Various countries with numerous systems and religious beliefs consider different situations for women, which is worth considering. The purpose of the research is to investigate the social and political contribution of women in Islamic societies. Afghanistan is part of the body of this chain (Islamic societies) is subject to the same social disorders regarding the female, it is these ancient beliefs and irrational customs and traditions that break the bones of our society's women. On the other hand, Laws, while trying to balance men and women in form and content, never worked as well as they should have.

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Influence of digital media on adolescents’ well- being during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Pages: 132-135
Akanksha Soni, Lavleen Kaur, and Anshika Bhalla (Department of Psychology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab)

In twenty first century, the entire world has been transformed due to digital world. At one end it has enabled the youth to be better acquainted with latest technology and served as remarkable platform to portray their talents. On the other continuum, the young generations spend their valuable time in simply loafing around the social media platforms that are posing a detrimental impact on their psychological as well as physical well-being specially during the pandemic. The present study aims to fill the research gap by highlighting the positive as well as negative impact of digital media on behavioral, cognitive, physiological and psychological well- being of adolescents'.

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Emotional intelligence: Quantifying the impact of therapy emotional intelligence

Pages: 1-5
Jasbir Kaur Thadhani (Mehrizm Foundation, Ahmedabad, Gujarat)

The current research aims to study if Emotional Intelligence can be enhanced by working on 'Meaning In Life' with Logo Therapy. 35 male Humanities students aged 18 to 22 years were taken as participants. The study was pre- and post-approach. Logo therapy and Self-Reflective Process was implemented to evaluate the impact of application. The participants were explained the process at the beginning. They were given Emotional Intelligence Scale (Situational) by Srinivasan and Murugan. This test measures Emotional intelligence of age 18 years above population. Logo Therapy was implemented to enhance the Emotional Quotient. There was a significant difference in overall score of Emotional Quotient and there was significant difference in each area of Emotional Quotients' sub factors. The Mean was 23.82 and SD was 4.48. The pre-test and post-test Assessment score indicate significant t test difference in the paired sample, which confirms the effect of intervention.

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