IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review is an indexed and refereed journal published monthly by the Indian Association of Health, Research, and Welfare (IAHRW). IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review likely aims to promote interdisciplinary research in social sciences by providing a platform for scholars, academicians, and professionals. Its primary objectives include fostering discussions on contemporary social issues, policy-making, and human development while encouraging evidence-based research in sociology, psychology, political science, economics, and cultural studies. The journal focuses on areas such as social behavior, education, governance, gender studies, mental health, and societal well-being. Its goals include publishing high-quality research, supporting academic discourse, and contributing to knowledge that influences social policies and community development. IAHRW IJSSR is a peer-reviewed journal, and the papers are published after a review process by the review panel of the journal. This journal has been published regularly since 2013. For more details write to us at iahrw2019@gmail.com
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, President Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare
Editorial Office: 1245/4, Mohalla Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: suneil.psy@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW Publications Pvt. Ltd
ISSN: 2347-3797 (print version)
ISSN: . (electronic version)
Frequency: Monthly
Indexing: EBSCOhost Connection Two, Academic Search Complete, The Belt and Road Initiative Reference Source, Cogito Indexing Text, Academic Search Ultimate, Academic Search Main Edition, Biomedical Index, Google Scholar Crawl Database, SocINDEX with Full Text, Sociology Source Ultimate, ProQuest, I-scholar, Google Scholar and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.42
CHIEF EDITOR
Sunil Saini, PhD
Indian Association of Health Research and Welfare, Hisar, Haryana, India
INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD
Rankoana Sejabaledi Agnes, PhD, University of Limpopo, South Africa
Sakhile Manyathi, PhD, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
EDITORS
Anita Sharma, PhD, HP University, Shimla, HP
C R. Darolia, PhD, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana
Damanjit Sandhu, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Jaspreet Kaur, PhD, Punjabi University Patiala
Ritesh Kumar Singh, PhD, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi
Radhy Shyam, PhD, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana
Rekha Sapra, PhD, University of Delhi, Delhi
Sandeep Singh, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Sangeeta Trama, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Sunita Malhotra, PhD, Former Dean, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana
Waheeda Khan, PhD, SGT University, Gurugram
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, President Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare (IAHRW)
Editorial Office: 1245/4, Mohalla Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com, suneil_psy@iahrw.org
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare (IAHRW)
ISSN: 2347-3797 (print version)
ISSN: . (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: EBSCOhost Connection Two, Academic Search Complete, The Belt and Road Initiative Reference Source, Cogito Indexing Text, Academic Search Ultimate, Academic Search Main Edition, Biomedical Index, Google Scholar Crawl Database, SocINDEX with Full Text, Sociology Source Ultimate, ProQuest, I-scholar, Google Scholar and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.42Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Author’s guidelines:
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review (IJSSR) is a peer-reviewed research journal published quarterly by Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare. The IJSSR is indexed with EBSCO, J-Gate, etc. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of scientific excellence in the area of Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Education, Social Work, Political Science, Management, Commerce, Economics, Mass Media, History, Political Sciences, Geography, History and other related fields. IJSSR is published monthly now
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References
References should be as per APA format as follows
• Journal article
Panda, T., Lamba, V., Goyal, N., Saini, S., Boora, S., Cruz. (2018). Psychometric Testing in Schools. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(2), 213–245.
• Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086
• Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Book chapter
O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York: Springer.
• Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. Resource document. American Psychiatric Association. https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014645/http://www.psych.org:80/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.
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Authors are required to disclose on the title page of the initial manuscript any potential, perceived, or real conflict of interest. Authors must describe the direct/indirect financial/personal support (ownership, grants, honorarium, consultancies, etc.) in (1) the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; (2) the writing of the report; and (3) the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Authors should explicitly mention on the cover page that whether potential conflicts do or do not exit. A declaration should be made on the cover page for all types of conflicts that could affect submission to publication of a manuscript. The role of funding agencies should be clearly mentioned.
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, President Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare
Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India,
Email: suneil.psy@gmail.com,
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2347-3797 (print version)
ISSN: . (electronic version)
Frequency: Monthly
Indexing: EBSCO, i-scholar
Peer Review
All content of the IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review is subject to peer-review. The Editor first checks and evaluates the submitted manuscript, examining its fit and quality regarding its significance, manuscript format, research quality. If it is suitable for potential pubication, the Editor directs the manuscript for Plagiarism check, and the minimum similarity acceptable is below 20% without references. After that, editor directs the manuscript to two reviewers, with both being experts in the field. This journal employs double-blind review, wehre the author and referee remains anonymous througout the process. Referees are asked to avaluate whetehr the manuscript is original, makes a theoretical contribution to the study, methodoogy is sound, follos appropriate ethical guidelines, whether the results are clearly presented and sufficient supporting studies are given and support the conclusion. The time for evaluation is approximately one month. The Editor’s decision will be sent to the author with recommendations made by the referees. Revised manuscripts might be returned to the initial referees who may then request another revision of the manuscript. After both reviewer’s feedback, the Editor decides if the manuscript will be rejected, accepted with revision needed or accepted for publication. The Editor’s decision is final. Regerees advise the Editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.
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We ain to respond to and resolve all complaints quickly. All complaints will be acknowledged within a week. For all matters related to the policies, procedures, editorial content, and actions of the editorial staff, the decision of the Editor-in-Chief shall be final. The procedure to make a complaint is easy. It can be made by writing an email to editor: iahrw@iahrw.org
Confict of Interest Policy
Transparency and objectiity in research are essential for publication in this journal. These principles are strictily followed in our peer review process and decision of publication. Manuscript submissions are assigned to reviewers in an effort to minimize potential conflicts of interest. After papers are assigned, individual reviewers are required to inform the editor-in-chief of any conflict.
Pages: 58-62 Yimer, Benyam Lake (College of Education and Behavioural Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahirdar, Ethiopia) The study investigated the current knowledge and practice of female sex workers on HIV/ADIS risk reduction options in woldia Town, Ethiopia. The study employed descriptive research design. The quantitative survey involved 140 female sex workers were selected by using simple random sampling techniques. Ethical approval was taken that adopted from EBSS (2005) questionnaire was used for data collection. Frequency, percentage and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The finding of the study shows that looking for a job, disagreement in the family, death of parents, peer pressure and attracted by town life were indicated as a major pulling and pushing factors for sex worker engagement. Majority of respondents have aware about of HIV/ADIS and practices HIV/ADIS risk reduction options. Moreover, age, alcohol use, difficulty to negotiate with clients to use condom and disapproval of clients to use condom were significantly predictors of consistent condom uses of FCSWs. Current study recommended that life skills training and existing strategies that enable sex workers to develop skills that help them resist the pressures that come from their clients and to help to support themselves needs to be part of the intervention programs. |
Pages: 63-67 Sana Fatima, Syed Zafar Sultan Rizvi, and S. Reshma Jamal (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) Cancer, a dreadful disease, is considered as one of the top most causes of deaths around the globe. It isthe turning point in the life of the patients and their families. The diagnosis of cancer has a great impact on psychological and physical level. Social support plays a significant role in the life of an individual as it provides a feeling of security, sense of belonging, and it is increases self-worth of the patients. Health procrastination, or in other words, a delay in health examinations/checkup creates trouble in the life of an individual at the later stage. If a person reduces the attitude of procrastination and receives appropriate social support, he/she is more likely to flourish. Healthy Diet Procrastination Scale (HDPS) by Mohsen and Timothy, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) developed by Zimet et al. (1988) and Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010). Sample size was 100 cancer patients. Pearson moment Correlation and Multiple RegressionAnalysis (stepwise) was used. |
Pages: 68-73 Aparajita Chakraborty (Department of Psychology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal) Kalpojhoti Kashyap (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal) Atri Sanyal (Department of Psychology, Maharani Kasiswari College, Kolkata, West Bengal) Anwista Ganguly (Department of Psychology, Maharani Kasiswari College, Kolkata, West Bengal) Saranya Banerjee (University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal) Tapolagna Das (Department of Psychology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Lagda, West Bengal) Urmimala Ghosh (Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal) Asmita Karmakar (University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal) Atanu Kumar Dogra ( Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal) Socio-demographic variables are important parameters of stigma towards people with alcohol use disorder. The present study explores whether the attitude towards alcohol use disorder is shaped by the belief system, along with focusing on the relationship between belief and attitude. It also investigates whether such attitude depends on the effects of sex and profession of the vignette, resulting in stigma. The study included 565 college-going students pursuing their graduation or post-graduation studies, age ranging 19 to 23 years. Participants were administered a Personal Information Schedule, Belief Towards Mental Illness Scale and Attitude to Mental Illness Questionnaire in modified form, consisting of short vignettes. Astructured interview was conducted to explore the cause behind the differences in the attitude of the participants toward alcohol use disorder. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were done. The transcripts of the interview were qualitatively analysed in terms of Open and Focus Coding. Finding shows profession, sex and their interaction effect have significant impact on attitude towards alcohol use based on the story of vignettes. Association of dangerousness and poor interpersonal relationship skills with the negative attitude towards alcohol use disorder were found. Qualitative Analysis revealed the impact of socio-cultural and demographic factors, in shaping the participants' attitude towards alcohol use disorder. The present study reveals that socio-cultural and demographic variables determine the beliefs and attitudes, thereby resulting in the social discrimination, which need to be considered while designing therapeutic intervention |
Pages: 74-78 Rakhi Gupta (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) A major factor of increasing violence in a country like India is due to Impulsivity, which has been considered as a quick way to resolve issues. Other than themselves, people are not even concerned about a tiny ant besides them. And, as a result they have engaged themselves in the art of not thinking before action. This has led to a reduction in their ability to think and behave in a productive manner which is acceptable to the environment. So, for taking into consideration of the major factor of Impulsivity, The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) (Patton et al., 1995) was used to examine the various other factors in impulsivity like Attention, Motor, Self-control and Cognitive Complexities, Perseverance, Cognitive Instability of one's Behavior, with the age group (18-25 years). The Results were measured for significant levels with the help of statistical tool named as Independent sample t-test between Males and Females, thereby, taking an effort towards finding out the reason and some measures to reduce the Impulsivity in the society. |
Pages: 79-87 M. Namratha and N. Maheshbab (Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Psychology Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (Autonomous), Ujire, Karnataka) Forty million of Indian population is middle class, the fastest growing segment and is considered as central for the country's development. Career is indeed one of the contributing factors for the development hence it's important to understand the career perception of the young adults of this growing middle class which can contribute for a better future. The rationale of the study is to understand how mid socio economic status effects the perception of career since they have lesser resources compared to high socio economic but higher ambitions in life. The sample was screened and selected using kuppuswamy socio-economic scale; purposive sampling method was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 60 participants, both males and females from the cities of Bangalore. A semistructured interview schedule developed by the researcher was used to collect the data. The interview schedule consists of a string of questions, listed under five areas of study, namely, economic challenges, extent of exposure, social pressure, family influence, and your opinion which is seen to have a direct connection with the mid economic status. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study show that there is a difference between the young adults of lower middle class and upper middle class in making career decisions.a |
Pages: 88-96 K. Gireesan (Centre for Policy and Action Research, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Govt. of India, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu) It is reported that India is the largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses in the world. And the country accounts for 25 percent of global production, 27 per cent of world consumption and 14 percent of imports. The significance of agriculture sector could be gauged from the fact that though agriculture and allied sectors accounts for only 18 percent of India's GDP, more than half of the country's workforce depend upon for their life and livelihood in these sectors. Along with the faster urbanisation and modernisation in India, the agrarian base in the country was declining, much more than anticipated over the last one decade. During the field visits and interactions by the author with the farmers across the country during the last one decade, it was noted that not many youth get attracted towards agriculture. This aspect becomes more significant as the Government of India has set a target of doubling farmers' income by the year 2022. It is in this context that this paper discuss and analyse about the challenges, opportunities and the way forward of 'Youth in agriculture' in the traditional agrarian state of Bihar, especially in the post-COVID-19 scenario. |
Pages: 97-99 Mezgebu Bayu Bezabih (College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia) The main purpose of this study was to examine situations of human trafiking with particular reference to South Wollo zone, Amhara regional state. Crosse sectional research design was applied and 40 Participants were took part in the study using availability sampling technique. This means those who were available at agar Ethiopia refugee's camp during the time of data collection were inculcated into the study. The required data was collected through questionnaire and interview and then data was analyzed by using both quantitative methods such as one sample ttest and percentage as well as qualitative methods like thematic analysis. The finding of this study in on one sample t- test revealed that, the status of human trafficking, in the sample zone is high; there is increment of migration of Amhara dwellers from their native area to Areb countries. The root causes for the outbreak of human trafficking is linked with economic reason, be fool of brokers, inappropriate contestation among parents who live in the same geographical area. In line with the consequences of human trafficking, the trafficked have encountered different challenges such as exploitation of money for brokers, rape by brokers as well as paymasters as well their relatives and assassination too. Among these, rape is the most common one that the majority of trafficked are faced. In conclusion, trafficking of people in south wollo zone is increasing from time to time and seeks urgent consultations from professionals hence, professionals should provide counseling service for victims and rehabilitate them as well as concerned bodies like Ministry of labor and social affairs have to consult about the horribleness of migration for others who decide to exile in the near future. |
Pages: 333-335 Nishtha Dwivedi (School of Education, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) Sachin Kumar Dwivedi (Department of Psychology, LNCPS, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) Apre-post research design has been used to explore the effect of Ujjayi Pranayama on Anxiety. Total 60 participants were chosen through accidental sampling from Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidhyalaya, Gayatrikunj, Haridwar. Sinha's Comprehensive Anxiety test (SCAT) was used to obtain the scores on anxiety. 15 Minutes of Ujjayi Pranayama was given to the participants for 45 days on daily bases in the evening. t-test has been used to verify the hypothesis .Results indicates that Ujjayi Pranayama reduces the level of anxiety. |
Pages: 336-339 Chinchu Rani Vincent and Ashna Maria Paul (KE College, Mannanam, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala) This study compared the social intelligence and prosocial behaviour among the police men in rural police stations and police men from armed police wing. The Kerala state police is the state police for the Indian state Kerala and is responsible for state wide law enforcement. The work motto of Kerala police is Mridhu Bhave Drida Krithya, (Sanskrit for “soft in temperament, firm in action”). As a responsible group of public servants, police men should express service beyond their salary motive. Here is the relevance of this study lies, because the sample of this study includes a group from the beginning of their career as police men and a group who are in their middle ages of career. Through comparing social intelligence and prosocial behaviour among these two groups, we will be able to understand the difference between these two groups of police men through which we can identify the growth of mankind in police throughout their career. . The study sample consisted of 120 police men (60 each) from the two categories, distributed in three different districts of Kerala (Ernakulam, Idukki, Alappuzha, Kottayam). The Social Intelligence scale by Chadda and Ganesan and Adult's Prosocialness scale by Capara et al. were applied in the study. The result of the study indicates that, there exist a significant correlation between prosocial behaviour and social intelligence and also there is a significant difference in prosocial behaviour and social intelligence among rural Police men and armed Police men. |
Pages: 340-342 Anju Sharma (Department of Mathematics, Carmel Convent School, Chandigarh) Arshiya Khosla (Student 12th Class, Carmel Convent School, Chandigarh) With more and more studies indicating the problems of traditional farming and the health complications, there is an equal number of studies showing that organic agriculture is a sustainable model of farming, which enhances the health of people as well as safeguards the biodiversity and animals in those areas. The objective of this research is to analyse the effect of gender on the preference of organic products among adults. Asurvey with a randomly selected sample was conducted in the tri-city (Chandigarh, Mohali, Panchkula). A self-structured survey was used to determine the preference for organic farming in 80 adults, of which 40 were males, and 40 were females between the age group of 30 to 50 years. This questionnaire consisted of 30 items, based on three major parameters (i.e. availability of organic food products (such as fruits, vegetables, and grains) in the market; the belief in the associated health benefits of these food products; social influence on the purchase of organic food products) consisting of 10 items each. The results indicated that the stated hypothesis, i.e. “Male adults will have a higher preference for organic farming than their female counterparts” is accepted and stands proved. Since it is probably the first of its kind survey in the Indian context, where an attempt has been made to study differences between male and female adults on organic farming using a relatively small sample, further research needs to be undertaken on a larger sample to authenticate the same. |
Pages: 343-344 Anubhav Walia (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) This study tries to analyse the problem of drug addiction in Punjab which is serious and sensitive issue. The study found that the problem of drug addiction has reached alarming proportions and which further led to many socioeconomic and health problems in Punjab. Indeed, many implications and strict rules have been laid by concerned governmental agencies against the rising trend of addiction, yet the problem seems to persist and is increasing. Thus, to combat this crisis government should adopt various measures with strict rules. |
Pages: 345-348 Ayushi Sharma (Department of Psychology, Galgotias University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh) The purpose of this review was to study the impact of corona virus (COVID-19) on mental health and its coping strategies in Indian population. Covid-19 is an irresistible sickness brought by severe acute respiratory syndrome, which is also known as SARS-CoV-2. the main cause of concern were partition from family, worry for friends and family, stress identified with the current task, isolation and social separation. This infection influenced the public activity of people as of the school, colleges, universities, pubs, restaurants, cafe, etc. got shut. Anxiety and Depression were the major mental health issues that were seen in an individual during the lockdown, where mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act.15 studies were taken for this literature review. This is a review paper based on secondary information as it is collected from various sources such as published and unpublished Journal Articles, Newspapers, Books, and Reports of various researches. |
Pages: 349-351 Shailendra Singh Rana (Department of Economics, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) Emphasis of corona virus coverage has been on “corona warriors”- doctors, paramedical staff, police and the lot; Indian children from disadvantaged backgrounds are vulnerable to risks of different order. Though according to the figures they are not affected much from the health effects of novel corona virus, the lockdown and its aftermath will definitely have deep ill effects on their well being. India is a young nation with 39% population below the age of 18years. Children are the future human capital; the profound effect of lockdownon disadvantaged children will be catastrophic and long lasting to society, economy and business. This desk research is an attempt to shed light on the plights of the disadvantaged categories of children due to lockdown in India. |
Pages: 352-355 Vrinda Rochlani (Delhi Public School, RK Puram, New Delhi) Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or an irreversible coma (oxford). It is also known as 'mercy killing' 'assisted suicide,' 'physician-assisted suicide' etc. (Britannica, 2019). It is a controversial topic with influential opinions in India, where it is believed that birth and death are spiritually governed. The paper will seek to understand Euthanasia from an Indian perspective. It will also throw light on perception based on social, religious, and legal aspects |
Pages: 356-359 Vivekanand Kumar (Department of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Vidya Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology, VKS University, Ara, Bihar) Millions of humans have been using Cannabis for smoking since long. It has been very common among people for thousands of years. It is a derivative of the Hemp plant (Cannabis Sativa). It originally flourished in China and was used in India and the Middle East. Based on the 2003 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an estimated 90.8 million adults (42.9%) aged 18 years or older had used marijuana at least once in their life time. Cannabis users who are engaged in creative endeavors report that usage of the substance facilitates executive functioning, While certain researches report that it causes deficit in executive functioning over prolonged period of use. The present study was designed to assess and compare the executive functioning among fine arts students measured by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop Test. It was a cross-sectional study carried out at RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi. A total of sixty students attending Fine Arts courses were chosen as participants for the study through purposive sampling method. Among them thirty were cannabis users and rest thirty were non- users. Sample was taken from Fine Arts courses of educational institutions from West Bengal &Bihar. Results suggested that there is no significant relationship between cannabis and executive functioning deficit in Fine Arts students |
Pages: 360-373 Ranjita Kumari (Maulana Mazharul Haque Teacher's Training College Samstipur, Bihar) The paper describes the Problem and Solution of Pisciculter in Samastipur District of Bihar. Fish culture is the Primary occupation of fisherman community. At present the number of fish farmers in Samastipur District are 47058 respectively. Samastipur is the 11th largest inland fisheries producing District of Bihar. Yet per capita fish consumption in the District is less than 6 kg per year. There is an urgent need to focus attention on the development of Pisciculture in the District. There are two requirements for fish farming, availability of water and the retraction of water in tanks which are abundantly available in the study area, these are gift of nature. However, more capital investment and technological innovation is required. There is a need for better resource management community intervention in all place where fish culture is practiced or can be practiced. RAS, BIOFLOC or CATFISH breeding technique are also came into existence. Fish Farmers Development Agency ( FFDA) provides training programme, lone facilities and subsidy to fish farmers fish culture has been adopted by 90% fish farmer of Samastipur Thus, it is clear that full possibilities and potentialities are existed in the Samastipur for the development of Pisciculture. There was a great economic loss to fish farmer due to spread of fatal disease Epizootic Ulcertativ Syndrome (EUS) in fishes. Marketing costs and marketing margins in fish retailing have been computed. Different constraints are categorized of which technological constraint have highest percentage. Ultimately the problem has been presented and their suggestion has been given so that there may emerge an era of progress and prosperity in the region under study. |
Pages: 374-377 कुमारी आरती (मनोविज्ञान विभाग, टी.एन.बी. महाविद्यालय, भागलपुर, बिहार) शिक्षा का आशय मानव के सर्वांगीण विकास से है। शिक्षा वास्तव में परिवर्तन का मुख्य साधन है जिसके द्वारा मनुष्य के जन्मजात शक्तियों ज्ञान एवं कौशलों का विकास होता है। शिक्षा व्यक्ति ही नहीं राष्ट्र के विकास में भी अहम भूमिका निभाती है जिसे योग जैसे प्राचीन कला के माध्यम से और भी संवारा जा सकता है। योग एक ऐसा उपकरण का काम करता है जो व्यक्ति में सकारात्मक विचारों एवं व्यवहारों के रूप में परिणत होता है। योगाभ्यास का विशेष महत्व जीवन के प्रारंभिक काल से ही स्पष्ट दिखने लगता है। बाल्यकाल या विद्यालय काल से ही योग की शिक्षा या योगाभ्यास बच्चों में अनुशासन एवं आत्म नियंत्रण जैसे सद्गुणों का विकास करती है जो पूर्ण जीवन काल में उनके लिए सफलता का मार्ग प्रशस्त करने में गति प्रदान करती है। आधुनिक युग में बढ़ते हुए प्रतियोगिता तथा भागदौड़ की जिंदगी तनाव का रूप लेता जा रहा है जिससे हमारे बच्चे भी अछूते नहीं है। बाल मनोविज्ञान में इसी अवधारणा को ध्यान में रखते हुए बढ़ते हुए शैक्षणिक क्रियाकलापों के दबाव को कम करने के लिए नई शिक्षा नीति के तहत स्कूली शिक्षा में योग का समावेश किया है। सरकार का यह उत्ष्ट प्रयास बच्चों को कच्ची मिट्टी मानकर उसे सकारात्मक गुणों से सवारने की तैयारी है ताकि राष्ट्र के लिए सभ्य, सुसंस्त एवं योग्य नागरिक तैयार किए जा सके। पतंजलि योग में कहा गया है “चित्तवृत्तिनिरोध” अर्थात योग ही मात्र एक ऐसा साधन है जिसमें चित्त शुद्ध किया जा सकता है। योग लिंग भेद,धर्म भेद से मुक्त होने के कारण सभी के लिए और हर क्षेत्र में लाभदायक है। योगः कर्मशु कौशलम अर्थात योग के माध्यम से कर्म में दक्षता प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। योग विशेषकर हठयोग जिसमें शारीरिक एवं श्वसन क्रियाओं पर विशेष अभ्यास कराया जाता है, का सापेक्ष प्रभाव देखा गया है। सिस्टम ऑफ एक्सेलेरेटेड लर्निंग एंड ट्रेनिंग (ै।स्ज्) ने शिक्षा और योग का समायोजन करते हुए स्कूली बच्चों पर अध्ययन किया और पाया कि योगाभ्यास से प्रारंभ किया गया शिक्षा बच्चों पर विशेष प्रभावकारी रही जिसमें बच्चों में ग्रहणशीलता, रचनात्मकता, इच्छाशक्ति, स्मृति आदि में काफी सुधार हुआ उनका ध्यान केंद्रित तथा स्वभाव में निश्चलता एवं शांति की झलक मिली। वह अपने तथा समाज के प्रति जागरूक दिखे उनमें आत्मविश्वास आत्मसम्मान जैसे गुणों का विकास हुआ। इस तरह शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में योग का मुख्य उद्देश्य मानव के विकास एवं संतुलन से है जो व्यक्तित्व विकास एवं चरित्र निर्माण के साथ-साथ राष्ट्र विकास की अवधारणा की भी संपुष्टि करती है। |
Pages: 378-384 आरसी प्रसाद झा (अनुसंधान सहयोगी, भारतीय मानव विज्ञान सर्वेक्षण, प्रतापनगर, उदयपुर, राजस्थान) वर्तमान अध्ययन के माध्यम से इस्कॉन और हरेकृष्णा मूवमेंट-अक्षय पात्रा में प्रसादम के आर्थिक पहलुओं को जानने का प्रयास है। वर्तमान अध्ययन मूल रूप से उदयपुर व कच्छ-भुज का इस्कॉन सेंटर, उज्जैन, मायापुर, वृंदावन व अहमदाबाद का इस्कॉन मंदिर और तुलनात्मक अध्ययन के लिए उदयपुर मुख्यालय के महादेव मंदिर, बालाजी मंदिर, साईं मंदिर व गुरूद्वारा का चयन किया गया। आंकड़े संग्रहण की विधि सहभागी अवलोकन, असंरचित साखात्कार, केस हिस्ट्री व ऐतिहासिक विधि रहा। अध्ययन के परिणाम इंगित करते हैं कि इस्कॉन व हरेकृष्णा मूवमेंट में नव-अनुयायी धार्मिक क्रिया-कलाप के साथ-साथ निःशुल्क प्रसादम के लिए जाते हैं। इन स्थलों पर कुछ अनुयायी की संख्या बढते ही बर्थ डे, मैरेज यूनिवर्सरी व मृतक के पुण्य वर्सी के अवसर पर प्रसादम हेतु स्पोंसर खोजा जाता है। अनुयायी व स्पोंसर की संख्या और अधिक बढ़ते ही इनका लक्ष्य प्रसादम व अन्य प्रयोजन हेतु अधिक-से-अधिक धन देनेवाले स्पोंसर को खोजा जाता है ताकि इनका विशालकाय मंदिर, रेस्टोरेंट, होटल व धर्म के नाम परव्यवसायिक संस्थान खुल सके। यही कारण है कि इस्कॉन के भक्तों में धनवान अधिक लेकिन सीमित हैं वहीं मध्यम सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्तर के लोग भीड़ बढाने व किसी धनवान के द्वारा स्पोंसर नहीं होने की स्थिति में ये स्पोंसर करते हैं। अर्थाभाव के कारण गरीब व भिखारी को इस्कॉन का अनुयायी नहीं बनाया जाता है। नव-अनुयायियों को प्रसादम के लिए केवल प्रभुपाद को प्रमाणिक गुरू व श्रीकृष्ण की ही पूजा करने व अन्य स्वपरंपरागत देवी-देवता को छोड़ने की शर्त व वचन लेने की बाध्यता इनके संख्या को सीमित करती है। इस्कॉन व हरेकृष्णा मंदिर के गोविंदा रेस्टोरेंट, मंदिर, सेंटर परिसर में अवस्थित स्टॉल, व्यास पूजा, आदि में प्रसादम बेचे जाते है। निःशुल्क से सशुल्क व प्रसादम स्पोंसर की यह प्रक्रिया अचानक नहीं होकर इस्कॉन के सिद्धांतानुसार पूर्व सुनियाजित योजना के अंतर्गत होती है। |
Pages: 385-387 कुमारी रश्मि एवं लक्ष्मी पाण्डेय ( मनोविज्ञान विभाग, तिलकामांझी भागलपुर विश्वविद्यालय, भागलपुर, बिहार) समाजवैज्ञानिक स्तर पर आदिवासीयों को सूक्ष्म स्तरीय दृष्टि से समझने के लिए कई अध्ययन हुए हैं, पर वे अध्ययन आदिवासियों की समस्त विशेषताओं पर पर्याप्त प्रकाश नहीं डाल पाते हैं। इस अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य संताली आदिवासियों में रचनात्मकता का निर्धारण करना है तथा इन विभिन्न आयामों के संदर्भ में गैर-आदिवासियों के साथ उनके तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण से प्राप्त परिणामों का लेखा-जोखा प्रस्तुत करना है। अध्ययन-उद्देश्य को ध्यान में रखते हुए सरल यादृच्छिकी प्रतिदर्थ पद्धति द्वारा 200 संताली (प्रयोगात्मक समूह) तथा 100 गैर-संताली (नियंत्रित समूह) छात्रों का अध्ययन किया गया। अध्ययन में संलग्न रचनात्मकता तथा उसके विभिन्न आयामों के मापन के लिए पासी (1979) द्वारा हिन्दी में विकसित रचनात्मकता परीक्षण का उपयोग किया गया। प्राप्त परिणाम से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि रचनात्मकता एवं उसके विभिन्न आयामों पर संताली छात्र, गैर-संताली छात्रों से निम्न अंक प्राप्त किये तथा इन दोनों समूहों के बीच का अन्तर रचनात्मकता तथा उसके विभिन्न आयामों पर सार्थक भी है। अतः प्राप्त परिमाण के आधार पर निष्कर्ष निकाला गया कि संताली छात्र, गैर-संताली छात्रों की अपेक्षा कम रचनात्मक थे। |
Pages: 388-393 कुमारी आरती (मनोविज्ञान विभाग, टी.एन.बी. महाविद्यालय, भागलपुर, बिहार) अपराध एक प्रकार की सामाजिक विषमता है और यह व्यक्तिगत मानसिकता का परिणाम है । बचपन में प्रेम और प्रोत्साहन के अभाव में उत्पन्न हीनता के भाव मानसिक ग्रंथियों के रूप में उभरकर अपराध का रूप धारण कर लेती है। साथ ही आज के भौतिकवादी एवं आर्थिक युग में व्यक्ति का बहुत कम समय में भौतिक सुख सुविधाओं को प्राप्त कर लेने की इच्छा है, जो उसे विचलित कर सामाजिक मानदंडों के विरुद्ध व्यवहार करने को प्रेरित करती है और यही अपराधिक व्यवहार में परिणित हो जाती है। इसके पीछे बहुत सारे पारिवारिक, सामाजिक और मनोवैज्ञानिक कारण के साथ-साथ आधुनिकीकरण औद्योगिकरण विज्ञान और सभ्यता का विकास तथा प्रतियोगितावादी प्रवृत्ति भी है। नेशनल क्राइमरिकॉर्डब्यूरो के अनुसार अन्य देशों की अपेक्षा भारत में अपराध कम होता है और साथ ही पुरुषों की अपेक्षा महिलाओं में अपराधिक प्रवृत्ति कम पाई जाती है, किंतु आधुनिक समय में प्रति मिनट की दर से पहले की अपेक्षा बढ़ती जा रही है। कारण भारत में नैतिकता तथा जीवन में मूल्यों को विशेष स्थान प्राप्त होने से अपराध के प्रति कम संवेदनशीलता का होना है। अपराध शास्त्रियों ने इसके संबंध में विभिन्न सिद्धांतों की जैसे क्लासिकल, शारीरिक रचना संबंधी, जैविक, भौगोलिक, आर्थिक सिद्धांतों की चर्चा की है । अपराधियों के स्वरूप के आधार पर इस के वर्गीकरण का भी प्रयास किया है। विभिन्न अध्ययनोंमें अपराध के साथ-साथ अपराधियों के प्रवृत्तियों में भी भिन्नता पाई जाती है। अपराध की बढ़ती हुई दर आज पुलिस और समाज के लिए ही नहीं बल्कि देश की अखंडता के समक्ष भी प्रश्न चिन्ह की तरह उभर रहा है। इसके लिए इसके रोकथाम को देखते हुए विभिन्न प्रयासों को किए जाने की आवश्यकता है, जिसके लिए दण्डों की कठोरता को बढ़ाने के साथ-साथ इसके मानसिक स्थिति में बदलाव और पुनर्वास की व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करना आवश्यक है। अध्ययनोंऔर विभिन्न प्रयासों को देखते हुए पाया गया कि अगर व्यक्ति के लिए संस्कार सम्यक शिक्षाजिसमें आधुनिक शिक्षा के साथ-साथ नैतिक शिक्षा पर बल दिया जाए तथा कानून को आवश्यकतानुसार कठोर एवं अनुपालन की प्रक्रियाको सरल एवं समयवध किया जाए तो अपराधिक प्रवृत्ति में कमी भी लाई जा सकती है और सामाजिक एवं राष्ट्रीय नैतिकता के स्तर को भी और ऊंचा बनाया जा सकता है जिसके लिए प्रयास जारी है एवं सहयोग की आवश्यकता है। ध्यान देने योग्य बात यह है कि इस प्रयास को हमें अपने ही परिवार से समाज और राष्ट्र स्तर तक ले जाने की आवश्यकता है। |
Pages: 2131-2135 S. M. Jainuddin (Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka) India's population is 1.28 billion with an average growth rate, from 2010-2015, at 1.3 percent per annum. The 21.9 percent of the Indian population live below the national poverty line (GOI, 2013). According to a 2001 census, India's cities have a slum population of 42.6 million (23.7 percent of the urban population). The secondary data related to poverty, migration, slum population were collected from report of the Expert Group to review the Methodology for measurement of Poverty, Government of India, Planning Commission-June, 2014 and A statistical compendium on urbanization and poverty in India, 2010 published from ministry of housing and poverty alleviation, national building organization. The percentage share of population BPL in rural area is 56.44 percent and in urban area is 49.01 percent during 1973-74 which was decreased to 25.70 percent and 13.70 percent, respectively. The percentage of slums in western region drastically increased from 24.50 percent to 33.45 percent and where as marginally increased in central region. The highest migration of male was noticed from rural to urban (39.00%) followed by urban to urban (24.80%). The study indicates that 53.20 percent of slum peoples have availed the banking services and more than 45 percent of slum peoples have not availed the banking services in India. |
Pages: 2136-2141 M. Kanchana (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) C. Suriyaprakash (Jansons School of Business, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) Vaishali Bajaj (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) Haseena Abdulla (PTSTA Director, Efficacy Development Lifelab, International Mangalore, Karnataka) The present study examined the effectiveness of TA101 course (an internationally recognized course in Transactional Analysis) on emotional intelligence among 101 participants who attended the two day course held across seven centres. The TA101 course is an introduction to Transactional Analysis (TA) and provides accurate information about TA concepts that can be applied for personal growth and development. A quasi-experimental before-and-after without control research design was used. The Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) was used to measure the changes in emotional intelligence across four dimensions. The study also examined the effectiveness of the programme on the basis of age, gender and type of occupation. The data collected across pre- and post-intervention were analyzed using t-tests. The findings showed a significant increase in the post-intervention scores on all four dimensions of emotional intelligence among the participants. Specific to the demographic characteristics, participants who belonged to education and service occupations had higher post-intervention scores on the dimensions of perception of emotion, managing own emotions and utilization of emotions compared to practitioners. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the change in mean scores of 29 participants at pre-intervention, post-intervention and one month follow-up intervals. Increases in the mean scores on all four dimensions were observed at the one month interval compared to pre-intervention scores. |
Pages: 2142-2159 S.K. Sahanowas (Department of Education, Narayangarh Govt. College, Rathipur, West Bengal) Santoshi Halder (Department of Education, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal) Resilience is a stress-coping ability, helps individual to face positively and deal with adversity and give strength to get back to normal situation after going through difficulties. It is multidimensional innate as well as developed construct changes over time context to context. A key requirement of resilience is the presence of both risks and promotive factors that either help bring about a positive outcome or reduce/avoid a negative outcome. The promotive factors that can help to avoid the negative effects of risks may be either assets or resources (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005). Researchers here have tried to explore the effective factors through literature review, especially the effect of emotional intelligence, critical thinking and family functioning on resilience. Eighty research papers were finalised in the year between 2001 and 2019 from 19 countries through inclusive and exclusive criterion. It was revealed that various cognitive, affective and social factors effect on psychological and academic resilience. Furthermore, it was found that in the selected literature emotional intelligence was the stronger predictor than general or spiritual intelligence. The study would help to find the research gaps for further study. |
Pages: 2160-2167 Rekha Sapra (Department of Human Development & Family Empowerment, Bharati College, University of Delhi, Delhi) The study was undertaken in three co-educational schools in Delhi with a purpose to suggest ways and means to promote social and emotional competence of children in the age group 6-10 years. The children with behavioural and learning challenges were selected for the study. A sample of 84 children was identified using Purposive Sampling Method. The children who were displaying disruptive and aggressive behaviour in the classroom and were being referred to the school counsellor were chosen to be part of the study. Standardized tests were used to assess children's intellectual and cognitive abilities, home environments to understand the parent child interactions patterns. ADHD symptom checklist-4, and Child Behaviour Check list were administered at the onset of the study. Interventions were developed to enhance skills in the following domains: self-management, social - interpersonal skills and emotional regulation. Activities were developed in the form of narratives and stories, role play, dominos, puzzles, group activities and puppet shows. The data were subject to statistical analysis using was done using SPSS 17.0. Post interventions significant positive improvement were found in children with reference to different dimensions of ADHD behaviours. P value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference. |
Pages: 2168-2175 S. Kaushik and Shagun Narang (Member, Research and Development Team, Youre Wonderful Project, New Delhi) Shivangi Khattar and Arushi Chatterjee (Head, Research and Development Team, Youre Wonderful Project, New Delhi) Ambikesh Sharma, Akhilesh Nair, and Akash Saxena (Founder, Youre Wonderful Project, New Delhi) The present study was aimed at assessing the perception of common people on mental illnesses. For the purpose of the study a mixed method design was used. A questionnaire was developed consisting of objective as well as subjective questions. It was built on three factors related to the attitude towards mental illness, namely, authoritarianism, benevolence, and social restrictiveness, which were based on two standardized scales namely CAMI (Cohen, 2010) and OMI (Cohen & Struening, 1962). The data was collected from 422 participants from all over India. Cronbach's alphas were calculated to assess the internal consistency of the dimensions. Further, independent samples t-test was conducted to assess the significance of gender differences across the dimensions and content analysis was conducted to analyse the subjective questions. The results indicated that males had significantly higher authoritarian attitudes towards the mentally ill than females. However, for the other two dimensions no gender differences were discovered. The content analysis of qualitative data revealed that the picture is not entirely bleak as there exists some familiarity with and awareness about mental health and the contingent issues, but there is still immense scope in increasing the sensitisation towards mental health awareness. Hence, this domain demands more research. |