Volumes / Issues
Showing 826 – 850 of 2643 results Showing all 2643 results Showing the single result No results found
Filters Sort results
Reset Apply
Page: 390-395
Mohammad Khalid Khawrin (Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Kunduz University, Afghanistan)

Internet users are boosting daily. Gujarat University students surf the internet daily for 5 hours and 36 minutes. It is most important to elaborate on the cyberbullying behavior with gender difference, age, and daily internet surfing association to highlight the misusing point of the internet. This study was conducted by voluntary students at the Gujarat University from (130) sample of both genders (69, 61) respectively. Random sampling design was used. Data was collected through the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory-II (RCBI-II) which is a standardized scale. Its reliability was rechecked for cyberbullying and cyber victim (.791, .840) respectively. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Independent Samples t-test methods were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that daily Internet surfing was significantly correlated with cyberbullying and cyber victim behavior (p <.000, p=.016) respectively. Besides, age also proved a significant relationship between cyberbullying and cyber victim (p=.023, p=.001) respectively. Similarly, the gender difference was significantly important in cyberbullying behavior (p = .010).
Page: 396-402
Cinjumol Thomas2 and Lucila O. Bance2 (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines1 and Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines2)

This research scrutinized the efficacy of the online Positive Cognitive Processing Intervention (PCPI) Program in reducing psychological distress among the children of alcoholic fathers. A three-phased mixed-method research design was used in this study. The first phase was the qualitative phenomenological design, the intervention program was developed in the second phase, followed by the implementation of the program's effectiveness through ABA experimental design in the third phase. The online PCPI program is a six-module intervention implemented over a six-week period. Its efficacy is tested using a “one group pretest post-test”, comprising 20 children of alcoholic fathers. These twenty participants were randomly assigned to the qualitative phase and experimental phase. The study assessed the level of psychological distress by utilizing Kessler Psychological Distress Scale research instrument. Paired sample t-test was used for data analyses and Cohen's d test measured the extent of the effectiveness of the program. The results of paired sample t-test revealed a statistically significant effect. Large effect size of Cohen's d indicates the superiority of the intervention. Thus, the online PCPI program proved to be efficacious in reducing psychological distress among the children of alcoholic fathers.
Page: 403-408
Shyla Thomas Puthusserry1 and Clarissa F. Delariarte2 (Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines1,2 and Far Eastern University, Philippines2, De La Salle University, Philippines2)

After the widespread of COVID-19, the stressful situation negatively affected the women's menstrual cycle and increased the severity of the premenstrual syndrome. This qualitative study presents evidence of young women's perceptions and experiences of Premenstrual dysphoric symptoms, which may support the provision of individualized health care during stressful conditions. Purpose. We use simple thematic analysis to explore young college students' constructions about the subjective experiences of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Method. A qualitative, semi-structured interview study was conducted in the Karnataka state of India. After the initial screening process of 400 college students randomly selected, ten were included in personal interviews, and eight participated in focus group discussions. Results. Five global themes emerged from the thematic analysis. The identified themes are further labeled as cognitive, emotional, behavioral, physical, Social, and Cultural issues. These themes suggested that young women experiencing PMDD symptoms have limited knowledge about the individual variability of menstrual experiences. Only a few participants are aware of the differences between PMS and PMDD. Most of them are unwilling to take any antidepressant medication and hesitate to visit the health care unit because of the stigma, social differentiation, and fear of the side effect of drugs. Most young women reported that premenstrual phenomena negatively affect their daily life, mainly their academic performances and social relationships. And during COVID-19, symptoms increased, and many said suicidal thoughts and confused mental status. Conclusions. Young female college students are the most affected group due to premenstrual disorder. People in our society need to be educated about the negative impact of social and cultural stigma related to menstruation-related issues. We hope authorities will develop appropriate strategies and intervention programs to treat premenstrual-related problems as early as possible.
Page: 409-411
Sejabaledi A. Rankoana (Department of Sociology, Anthropology University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa)

The goal of secondary prevention is to halt the transmission of infectious diseases. This review describes the indigenous preventive health care practice applied to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. Secondary data from medical anthropological studies conducted among the Bapedi group in South Africa's Limpopo Province were reviewed to identify indigenous preventive practices used to limit infectious disease transmission. The review results present one exceptional indigenous preventive method used as a secondary preventive method. Isolation is a commonly used preventive method used to slow the spread of infectious diseases at the household level for the benefit of the community. This preventive strategy is comparable to the standard quarantine strategy used when someone exhibits COVID-19 symptoms like the flu, a fever, or a cough. The study suggests that preventive health care projects and programs should take into account the preventive health care practices of local communities in order to empower those communities to employ their own cultural practices to reduce illness vulnerability.
Page: 412-415
Noorulhaq Seddiqi and Ahmad Atef (Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Education, Herat University, Afghanistan)

The purpose is to investigate the relationship between Teaching professional skills and teaching effectiveness in math subjects among primary school teachers in Herat City. The research population is the primary school teachers of Herat city. A sample size of 448 primary school teachers has been assessed with a self-assessment scale, and 48 teachers have been observed during their teaching process. The findings indicate there are issues in skills development teaching methods. Providing continuous training for teachers to make them coordinate with education goals and methods is inevitable. The research findings also showed that the teachers do not relate the teaching material to the students' real life as much as expected. Furthermore, teachers often try to convey the course content to students through a passive method instead of guiding students and motivating them to hypothesize, creative thinking, and solve problems. On the other hand, teacher training programs and in-service education do not have a close relationship with teaching modern theories. Therefore, the programs and methods need to be reviewed and revised.
Page: 422-426
Neda Mehrjoyan (Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran)

The general purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating role of job satisfaction in the effect of emotional intelligence on the organizational health of physical education teachers in Shushtar. According to the set goals, the current research was applied and of a descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of this research consists of physical education teachers of Shushtar city (546 people), of which 225 people were selected as the research sample based on the Kerjesi and Morgan table by simple random drawing. In this research, library methods and field methods were used to collect data in this research. The data collection tools included questionnaires of personal characteristics and information (created by the researcher), emotional intelligence questionnaire of H. Weisinger and organizational health questionnaire of "Hoy et al." In this research, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. To analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the structural equation method, and the independent sample t-test are used with the help of SPSS and PLS software. In addition, α level is considered 0.05 for all tests. The results showed: emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on organizational health and job satisfaction.
Page: 422-426
Lavanya, A., Varsha Rani, Veenu Sangwan, and Pragati Godara (Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a whole grain that is gluten-free and rich in nutrients, which has increased the popularity of goods based on it. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) is a vital nutritious crop and is mostly used for porridge-like traditional foods. Most cereals and starch-based foods can benefit from adding soybean (Glycine max) as a source of high-quality, low-cost protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids to increase the quantity and quality of their protein content. Although low in sulphur, it contains the amino acids methionine and cysteine and is rich in calcium, iron, and several B vitamins. Therefore, this present study aims to optimize the level of incorporation of teff, sorghum and soybean grain and flour blends to prepare value-added traditional foods such as injera, porridge and malt-based porridge through evaluation of organoleptic acceptability. The control, type I, type II and type III formulations were developed using teff, sorghum and soybean blends. The result suggests that blending teff, sorghum, and soybean in a ratio of 50:30:20 significantly improved sensory quality and fell in the group of “liked very much”. These types of traditional food preparations can be eaten and liked by all age groups. This present study showed that the blending ratio and processing conditions such as soaking, fermentation and malting involved in traditional food preparations like injera, porridge and malt porridge significantly influenced sensory characteristics of blended grain or flour and also improved the sensory quality of developed foods.
Page: 427-429
Liby Leo Akkara and Jaya A. T. (Department of Psychology, Prajyoti Niketan College, Pudukad, Thrissur, Kerala)

The danger of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a chronic illness, adversely affecting a person's mental health is high. Stressors and other consequences of HIV are affecting people's quality of life in a significant way. To manage all HIV-related negative outcomes people easily adopt certain coping strategies and use them consistently. Coping and social support are perceived as potential contributing elements in the survival journey and researchers emphasized them as an ineludible pair. Even though there are studies about the effectiveness of functional coping mechanisms, there are not many details about the different aspects of social support and how it directly affects coping. The goal of the present study is to explore the relationship between coping and aspects of social support among people living with HIV. 147 HIV-positive individuals in Kerala had their social support and coping mechanisms evaluated. Both personal interviews and questionnaires were used to conduct the assessment. Utilizing the bivariate correlation approach, the data were examined. Using coping mechanisms were positively connected with social support. The respondents used a range of coping mechanisms and reported high levels of social support.
Page: 430-432
Vandana Sharma1 and Niyati Garg2 (Department of Psychology, S.D. (P.G.) College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh1 and Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh2)

When an individual responds and decide things on the basis of one's internal cues without being affected by social surroundings or perceptions it is called Field independence. The aim of the present research work was to analyse the difference between college students who were high or low field independent with regard to their level of psychological distress. A sample of 180 college students from Meerut city, India was taken for the present study. Spiritual Intelligence Scale by Singh, Singh, and Kaur (2010) and C.M.I. Health Questionnaire by Wig, Pershad, and Verma (1983) were used to measure Field Independence and Psychological Distress respectively and t-test was used to analyze the difference between two groups .It was observed that students who scored higher on field independence have scored lower on all the dimensions as well as psychological distress as a whole. Difference between high and low field- independent groups was found significant at .05 level of confidence with regard to depression, anxiety, sensitivity and anger while inadequacy, tension and psychological distress as a whole were found significant at .01 level of confidence. The Result suggested that students with high field independence were found significantly less psychologically distressed in terms of inadequacy, depression, anxiety, sensitivity, anger and tension.
Page: 433-436
Monika Sarsana and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

This study examines the nature and extent of women employment in rural areas. In the contemporary world, women's role is not essentially limited to household chores and farm activities. Over the past decades, globally there is a substantial rise in rate of women education and employment but the proportion of Indian women in work has been declining. This is due to the role of women in home production. Indian women particularly in rural areas, have to play multiple roles such as a participant in labour force for supplementing family income and in addition they have a central role in food chain activities. A survey was carried out to assess the nature and extent of 120 women engaged in four major types of occupations in rural areas of Hisar and Panchkula districts of Haryana. Nature of job, duty hours, wage amount, physical status of job and wage act knowledge were found to be highly significant with the type of employment. Data collected exhibited that all the labourers had a temporary nature of their job contrary to that 10% of the government employees were permanent at their job. More than three fifth of the respondents were earning less than Rs.10, 000 per month whereas only 8.3% respondents were earning more than Rs.30, 000 per month. Out of all the respondents, only 35% had full knowledge of wage act rest had partial or no knowledge. It's very important to enhance the women's work participation in productive employment also additional work burden requires support such as child care facilities to ease other domestic responsibilities which remains with women.
Page: 437-441
Vinod and Punam Midha (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Youth culture is glorified which is indeed empowered by social media which has created digital natives whose wealth laden mindset is very much prevalent, who are miraculously under the influence of social media, which no doubt shapes their pattern of behaviour. Nowadays the challenges of social media in terms of promoting social illnesses are increasing rapidly. With these notions in mind, the present study is an attempt to assess affluenza, usage of social media and to explore the role of social media in cultivating affluenza among young adults. A purposive sample of students ranging from 20-22 years from Delhi NCR was taken and data were statistically analysed. The findings revealed the moderate level of affluenza among youth and high level of usage of social media where maximum usage is reflected in the domain of information followed by academics, entertainment and least for socialization. Further correlation analyses indicated that there existed positive significant moderate level of link between affluenza and usage of social media. The maximum positive relationship between the socialization has been found with affluenza thereby indicating that interaction with others may primarily serve as a major source of affluenza. The current findings have unravelled the hidden adverse impact of usage of social media on adults' mind.
Page: 442-449
Rosamma Alexander1 and Clarissa F. Delariarte2,3,4 (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines1, Department of Clinical Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines2, De La Salle University, Taft, Manila, Philippines3, and Far Eastern University Graduate School, Morayta, Manila, Philippines4)

Technology has been growing exponentially in the last few decades, emerging as the biggest driver in all walks of life. The millennials are synonymous with technology as a whole and information technology in particular. The World Wide Web (www) has pushed itself deeper and farther like an inevitable labyrinth, sparing none. So, the internet is no more a luxury but a necessity. One of the most predominant uses of the internet is social media which connects people seamlessly in a virtual network. Whether platforms or people, choices galore for them to spend time with. Research has found that there are both positive and negative impacts of social media on the lives of adolescents. However, more studies favor how the negative consequences influence them physically, socially, and psychologically when they spend more time on social media. The new normal of the pandemic, when study and work were constrained to rooms and virtual settings, has further aggravated this situation. The aim of this study is to explore the stages of Social Media Addiction among Adolescents in India. The present research paper draws insights into the lived experiences of adolescents regarding social media use through in-depth semi-structured interviews with seven adolescents and a focus group discussion of ten. The data were analyzed in the light of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and found four emerging themes such as the exploring stage, low-risk stage, moderate risk stage, and high-risk stage of social media addiction.
Page: 450-457
Mansi Phogat and Tarannum Mohan (Punjabi University Regional Centre for IT and Management, Mohali, Punjab)

Future advancements in technology, particularly smart fitness devices, are vital to the future of health and general well-being. Wearable technology is growing at a rapid pace from developed countries to developing countries. Using various ideas and approaches, researchers from a range of fields have examined how consumers are embracing wearable devices like smartwatches. In an effort to understand how consumer behaviour differs on the basis of various factors associated with wearable technology like its affordability, lifestyle, demography and its adoption and purchase we analysed various research papers. The goals of this article are to review the research on consumers' acceptance of wearable technology and various theories applied and to pinpoint the elements that affected consumers' choices to adopt these technologies.
Page: 458-461
Kadambini Sharma (Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab)

A child needs a physical, social, and emotional environment immediately after his birth. He is an active or inactive member of many groups and plays a complicated role in all of them. Family relationships are always responsible for shaping an individual's well-being for better and worse throughout life (Merz, Consedine, Schulze, & Schuengel, 2009). The present study is devoted to explore and describe the acceptance-rejection by parents in relation to the adjustment of adolescents. For this purpose, a descriptive cum exploratory research design has been adopted in the present investigation. A sample of 100 students (50 boys + 50 girls) of class XIth and XIIth from a CBSE school of Haryana state was collected for the study. The data was collected with the help of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and Indian adaptation of Bell's Adjustment Inventory. The present study revealed that parental acceptance and rejection play an important role in the behavior of a child. A child getting accepted by his or her parents is more likely to be confident, as compared to a child who is getting rejection and facing negligence from his or her parents. The basic concern of the study is to investigate the parental acceptance-rejection of adolescents in relation to their adjustment, academic stress and self-concept level. If psychologists need to design the most appropriate interventions and developmental activities, they must know the concerns and needs of the population they serve.
Page: 462-465
Shreya Mohan (Innocent Hearts School, Green Model Town, Jalandhar, Punjab)

Growing concern over the health and safety concerns of underage sex has prompted calls for increased initiatives to teach sex education in schools. Teenagers engage in harmful practices and suffer the consequences because of a lack of sex education. It would be foolish, if not reckless, to try to deny that truth. Why deny teenagers the information they need to stay healthy and avoid getting pregnant too soon if it will help them avoid the negative effects of not receiving sexual education? Despite major advances in science, the implementation of sex education in modern schools is hampered by cultural, political, and systemic constraints that strongly influence many layers of teenagers' environments. Knowledge among adolescent females regarding sexual and reproductive health issues is mandatory to ensure their healthy growth, both mentally and physically, by various agents of socialization, mainly parents and teachers, to prepare them for pubertal transition. Healthcare experts such as psychologists, counselors, social workers, and psychiatrists can be useful in achieving this goal. Women's health-related policies need to be formed, and sexual education in schools needs to be mandatory. This paper highlights some of the opportunities, intentions to provide relevant sexuality education for young people, potentially exacerbating confusion and individuals who do not conform to societal stereotypes of sex, gender, and ability.
Page: 466-469
Harbans Lal (SNDT Women University, Director-Forum of Behavioural Safety, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Better safety culture measures could save a million of lives annually. This article presents a review of latest academic and field practitioners literature and examines the critical lapses and insights on safety cultural behaviours. Behavioural insights can facilitate boosting a culture of positive safety. Need for a long term supportive safety culture intervention alongwith regular retraining, reviews and reinforcements by the top authorities as well as heads of departments is re-emphasized for increasing internal risk controls by employees for saving people from injuries or fatalities. Frequent corporate communications to employees regarding safety culture implementation matter a lot. Safety excellence and business excellence scenarios need to keep human safety ahead of commercial values for gaining organizational sustainability. Occupational health and safety investments are increasingly driven by ESG perspectives.
Page: 470-472
C.A. Shashikala1 and S. Azmal, Basha2 (Research & Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu1 and Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara Art College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh2)

The study was to examine the effectiveness of some behavioral techniques on anxiety, anger and problem-solving skills among adolescent girls. World Health Report (2001) says “Adolescence is a stage of immense turmoil in emotional as well as behavioral spheres. Information load, high expectations of parents and teachers, peer pressure to perform well, unrealistic ambitions and competitiveness are some of the significant sources of stress which create tension, fear, anger and anxiety.” Anger can be the consequence of repressed emotions, i.e. individual's unwillingness to express or deal with a problem or relationship. The fear of conflict could lead to avoidance and anxiety. Hence, problem-solving skill is important to cope up with anger and anxiety. Thus, reducing the anger and anxiety and upgrading problem-solving skills was the main objective of the study. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger et al., 1983) was used to assess the level of anxiety of participants. In order to determine the level of anger, State Anger Scale (Spielberger, 1971) and Ideational Fluency Test (Ganesan, 1985) was used to approach the problem-solving skills. The study consisted of ten adolescent girls who were studying in various schools in and around Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Pre-intervention assessment of anxiety, anger and problem-solving skills were assessed by using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State Anger Scale and Ideational Fluency Test. The subjects were directed with the Behaviour Technology Module. The study results after eight weeks showed that there was statistically considerable difference between the before and after of intervention scores. The result indicated that the subject showed significant reduction in anxiety and anger. There was a convincing development in the level of creativity and problem-solving skills.
Page: 473-477
Poonam Phogat and Vasundhra Verma (Department of Psychology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

In modern society, stereotyping against the LGBTQ+ community is one of the common issues. Due to the perceived notions, socially expected norms of behaviour and expectations created for all genders and sexualities, many stereotypes concerning the LGBTQ+ community are predominantly negative. With the changing context, a deepened approach is needed to educate people about distinct genders and social norms wherein they don't regard LGBTQ+ as transgressors. We aim to investigate such preconceived negative notions and understand how stereotypical images affect youth affiliated with the LGBTQ+ community. The study is designed qualitatively with (N=74) urban LGBTQ+ young adults belonging to the age bracket of 19-25 years. Based on the Inclusion criteria, Gays (12.16%), Bisexuals (66.21%), Lesbians (5.40%), Pansexuals (5.40%) and Others (10.81%) consented to participate in the study. The sample was selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The data was obtained using an open-ended questionnaire circulated via Google forms. The questionnaire was analyzed using thematic analysis. Based on the analysis of the sample's lived experiences, an exhibited stereotypical image was portrayed by mass media. Consequently, primary themes affecting these individuals were based on 'personal facets' (29.72%), 'Health facets'(22.97%) and 'miscellaneous' (17.56%). The results depict that LGBTQ+ youth conceal their sexual orientation due to fear and shame associated with coming out and to protect their well-being in society. Gender stereotypes are used as a means to make estimations of others' sexual identities wherein mass media has played a profound role in perpetuating such discriminating behaviours. Therefore, a universalist framework should be built with coalitions of diverse Indian communities to ensure safety for all.
Page: 478-481
Muskan Goel1 and Nayanika Singh2 (Psychology student, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32, Chandigarh1 and Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Sector-26, Chandigarh, Govt. of Punjab2)

After facing the pandemic for more than two years, the world has become a place of physical, emotional, mental and social turmoil. No one could imagine that Covid-19 will affect the whole world and people will be challenged emotionally. The pandemic has given lifetime emotional scars to many people even children couldn't escape from this when someone goes through this type of emotional trauma then one must recognize the techniques and strategies of emotional resilience to cope up with a such crisis. Emotional resilience is being able to bounce back from stress, challenge, tragedy, trauma or adversity. When children are resilient, they are braver, more curious, more adaptable, and more able to extend their reach into the world. Emotional resilient people are able to manage a range of their emotions, adjust well to transitions, show high tolerance for frustration, and can deal with or manage whatever situation they are facing. Keeping this in mind the aim of the present chapter is to highlight and discuss the various techniques and strategies to empower school children emotionally through emotional resilience.
Page: 482-486
Robinder P. Bedi (Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, South America)

This study provided survey data on counselling psychology professionals in New Delhi and compares it to available data on the profession in Punjab, in order to identify areas of similarity and difference. A national portrait of counselling psychology in India requires understanding what characteristics and practices are truly common across the country and what are relatively unique to specific parts of India. Information provided by this study also contribute objective information to help advance program accreditation standards, training curriculum, governmental regulation, and public awareness.
Page: 487-490
Sukesh Trikha and Dinesh Kumar (Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health (CSMCH), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi)

The principle of patient safety is one of Biomedicine's values, which must be kept in mind in every patient-healthcare worker interaction. Given that there are preventable adverse events during the delivery of medical care worldwide and more so in low-resource settings, the World Health Assembly, in its 55th session in 2002, called for patient safety goals and reduced unsafe care. The practical strategy of "infection prevention and control" (IPC) either envisages the procedures enshrined under it as social, where barriers and facilitators or behaviour changes in individuals or organisational change is recommended or as elimination of microbes. Further research in social sciences, biomedicine and other disciplines is required to understand the concept fully.
Page: 491-494
Neerja Pandey and Pratigya Kasera (Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh)

Body art, also known as body tattoo, has been traditional part of many cultures across the nations. The oldest preserved evidence has been found in Egypt that dates back to 6000 BC. Tattoos are now seen as a form of expression that is as valued as pierced ears or hair styles. Today, it is taken as one of the favourite fashion icons and fashion trends. People get their bodies tattooed for various reasons like to follow the trend, to feel good by enhancing their looks, to show commitment, to hide scares, to get attention, to identify with a cult or group, to endure emotional pain, or to increase their self-esteem. Many researchers have explored various aspects of body-art but there is a paucity of research on tattoos in India. One reason could be that the inking of the body (body-art) is very popular and trending in other countries in comparison to India. The present work titled “Body Art Increases Self-esteem among Young Adults” is a theoretical paper that highlights the impact of body art on increasing self-esteem among young adults. For this purpose, the researcher used secondary data (both qualitative as well as quantitative) having reviewed published papers, books, articles and blogs. The analysis established a significant role of tattoos in increasing self-esteem.
Page: 495-500
M. Ramya Maheswari (Department of Psychology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

Attitude is a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). When people use such words as like, hate, good and bad, they are usually describing attitudes. One reason why we need to study attitudes is that attitudes are woven into the fabric of daily life as each individual on an everyday basis talk about one's own and other's attitude. Everyday conversations are plagued by discussions ranging from people's attitude on recent movies and changing social norms to government policies. The second reason is that there is a strong assumption that attitudes predict behaviour. This implies that any required change in behaviour can be addressed through change in attitudes. Hence if we wish to bring about changes in our environment, we need to devise strategies to change people's attitudes. When we talk of changing attitudes we also need to understand its link to values. Problems with attitudes could reflect improperly developed or ineffectively utilized value system. For example attitudes towards child labour, child marriage, widow remarriage, untouchability can spring out of certain values we hold on to. Society acquires values through a long process of trial and error experimentation with various approaches to life. Over centuries, the collective comes to recognize that certain principles or guidelines are essential for the survival or vital for the growth of the individual and the community. They learn by experience to value these essential principles and pass them on to future generations as cultural guidelines for action. Values are hence a significant element of culture. An understanding of how we develop attitudes and values and a knowledge of its, structure, content and functions is essential and precedes honing them, Hence the current paper examines the link between values, attitudes and beliefs that provides clarity of dynamics underpinning many conscious behaviours of the individuals in the society. Major influences on attitudes and values are studied to examine the extent to which value system has evolved as a result of it. The paper deliberates on whether existing values needs to be redefined for the people to live in harmony. Relevant values and attitudes in key life domains are explored and recommendations are provided for promoting positive attitudes and values
Page: 501-504
Kushagra Prasad and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Migration is defined as the movement of people from one place to another. As the world has progressed in leaps and bounds, migration also has certain changes connoted with it. Earlier, the movement was way simpler with all the intermediaries involved whereas now it has become gender and season specific. The related factors, consequences and impact of migration form the essence of the phenomenon. The following paper is a step to interrogate and review migration from a sociological standpoint. The work is intended to ascertain the nuances related to migration and its comprehensive effect of it on the families involved.
Page: 505-511
Pavan Mache1 and Sadhana Natu2 (Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra1 and Department of Psychology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra2)

A marked increase in the use of social media put a large number of people at risk of feeling lonely, depressed, and anxious. Ordinary people, influencers and therapists have become mental health advocates with instant messaging, quick posts, uplifting thoughts and advice for their followers. The information presented may leave viewers feeling further traumatized or confused. The rationale behind studying this topic was to study the impact of fake influencers on social media on mental health of adults in the context of India. This study tries to focus on the gaps in the literature available on the topic and tries to find the impacts, and effective ways to identify and tackle this quackery. The methodology used was a qualitative analysis of primary data gathered from online semi-structured interviews. Interviews of two mental health professionals and three people from the field of tarot card reading, graphology and online counselling with a short diploma course for therapy and counselling were taken. In addition, a book titled 'Shamans, Mystics and Doctors- A Psychological Inquiry into India and Its Healing Traditions' by Sudhir Kakar was taken as secondary data. The results identify the causes of growth in pseudoscientific practices, analyses the impact and provide recommendations to tackle the same. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and broader implications. This is a qualitative study and thus has individual opinions and thought processes about the topic. It may be ridden with systematic biases, even though it's important to study it.
1333435106