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Pages:103-106
Shweta Singh (Department of Psychology, V. B. S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh)

Resilience typically refers to the development of competence in the face of adversity. Resilience is an ability to cope effectively in the face of difficulties. Present article tries to explain about the concept of resilience and how it works with adolescents. The present article tries to explain about its risk and protective factors under different domains-childhood factors, family factors, school factors and community factors. The present article also discuss that how resilience develops in adolescents and how individual's intrinsic factors, parents and teachers can build resiliency in adolescents.

Pages:103-106Shweta Singh (Department of Psychology, V. B. S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages:107-112
Priyanka Behrani (Department of Psychology , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujrat)
Jadeja, M. (Department of Clinical Psychology, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gujrat)

The objective of the study was to study of hope and its process using focus groups and phenomenological analysis. Snyder defines hope as: “Hope is the sum of perceived capabilities to produce routes to desired goals, along with the perceived motivation to use those routes”Snyder (1994) also proposes that hope has no hereditary contributions and it is rather an entirely learned cognitive set about goal-directed thinking. The teachings of pathways and agentic thinking is seen as an inherent part of parenting which helps the child to bring in the components of hopeful thinking in place by the age of two year. The method used for the study was focused group discussion. Twelve female co-researchers in the age group of 21-23 years were selected for the study. Phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the information. A phenomenological research consists of two main findings: textural descriptions and structural descriptions. The finding is Hope is something which is vast and abstract. It is also something which is related to positive future events and is beyond our immediate reality, experience and thus limitless. It is independent, ever- changing and even irrational at times. A contradicting quality is that hope is definitely something about which we are conscious and serious but at the same time it is something which has very little or no conviction.

Pages:107-112Priyanka Behrani (Department of Psychology , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujrat)Jadeja, M. (Department…

Pages:113-118
Lisha Sivadasan and Annalakshmi Narayanan (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore)

The present study focuses on exploring means to further the well-being of physically disabled adults by identifying the protective factors contributing to resilience among the resilient. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used as a framework for analyzing the qualitative research data in this study. The sample included six adults with locomotor disability identified as resilient. The results reveal the factors of developmental adaptation and the traits contributing to resilience. It is found that social interest (including social responsibility), assertiveness, transcendence (including spirituality, optimism, and temperance), family support, and interpersonal relationship serve as protective factors contributing to resilience among adults with locomotor disability. The present study has implication for designing and delivering intervention for prevention and promotion of psychological resilience among disabled individuals.

Pages:113-118Lisha Sivadasan and Annalakshmi Narayanan (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore)

Pages:119-123
Dolly Jose and Padmakumari. P. (Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka)

Psychotherapy is a clinical tool which deals with problems while character strength development therapy is a pedagogical tool which deals with the mystery of the person. The goal of character strength development therapy is to help the person to internalise the 24 character strengths defined by Seligman and Peterson (2004). The techniques used in character strength development therapy are attentive listening, clarification, confrontation, interpretation and working through. In character strength development therapy the process includes that recreate a situation whereby the person can reread the life experiences, reinterpret it and 'working through' the new insights. In the initial phase, an assessment, which helps both client and therapist to prepare a frame work for character strength development therapy, has to be done. The goal of middle phase is to provide deep insight and understanding on their strength use, help them to realise the unrealised strengths and maximise it, and thus moderate the use of learned inappropriate behaviours as well as learn to handle cautiously the weaknesses. The present paper provides a conceptual frame work for character strength development therapy.

Pages:119-123Dolly Jose and Padmakumari. P. (Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka)

Pages:124-126
Abdullah Malik and Bushan D. Sudhakar (Department of International Business, Pondicherry University, Puducherry)
Mohd. Sarwar Rahman (Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Positioning is the game in the minds of consumers, which marketer has to play to get into it and place own brand by breaking the clutter of the advertisements. It is a structured system which creates a differential identity, awareness, image, personality, salience through differential communication in the target market. In practice, now days companies are putting ads on parking meters, hotel elevators, and even in washroom, they thinks that more clutter will generate sales, which is wrong. Here only positioning of brand in the consumer's mind will work. In the current study, our main concern is to explore the constructs and indicators to measure brand positioning. On the front of implication, this study will provide an insight to the academicians and the people of brand managerial practice in carrying out the study in different related areas in finding actual perceived psychology of the customers regarding the brands.

Pages:124-126Abdullah Malik and Bushan D. Sudhakar (Department of International Business, Pondicherry University, Puducherry)Mohd. Sarwar Rahman…

Pages:127-130
Aroonmalini Boruah (Centre for Studies in Behavioral Science (Applied Psychology), Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam)

This paper is a view to understand how positive peer pressure can be instrumental towards promoting healthy social and emotional developments in adolescents, define the extent to which positive peer pressure is associated with healthy behaviour and emotional well-being and identifying different ways by which positive behaviour is encouraged by peer pressure. Peers play a very important role in the overall social and emotional development of children and adolescents. Peer pressure is a very common phenomenon that most of us are familiar with. Peer pressure often appears to be negative, but not necessarily. When one's peer influences an individual to think and act in ways that changes an individual's thoughts, actions and lifestyle for better, it is called positive peer pressure. There is a huge pool of research on the negative influences of peer pressure; however, the extent of literature on positive peer pressure is quite limited even though it has potential for positive development. Research paper published between January 2000 to December 2015 has been taken from Jstor & Google scholar and 12 relevant articles were selected for review. The present study throws light at the fact that peer pressure can exert positive influences in the development of individuals, especially during adolescence when peer acceptance becomes an integral goal of their lives Hence, by paying equal attention to the positive aspects of peer pressure in addition to the negative aspects we will able to explain how positive peer pressure can be influential in their overall social and emotional development.

Pages:127-130Aroonmalini Boruah (Centre for Studies in Behavioral Science (Applied Psychology), Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam)

Pages:131-134
Manpreet Ola (IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Dweep Chand Singh (AIBHAS, Amity University, Noida, U.P.)

Many children are reared in adverse conditions, e.g., poverty, substance abuse, personal or family members' illnesses, family conflicts and violence in society at large. Such situations may inhibit the normal intellectual, emotional and social development of children and youth by interfering in reaching their full potential as adults. Especially, if we look at the youths of Kashmir, India, the problems they face, viz, armed conflict, violence etc. and the impact of these on their minds, mental and physical health, it becomes important to understand the factors which can help them to overcome impact of such adverse situations and help them out to recover from the hardships. It is very imperative now for psychologists to study resilience in the youth living in prolonged violence area and to suggest ways to promote resilience in the younger generation. This paper is an effort in this direction.

Pages:131-134Manpreet Ola (IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)Dweep Chand Singh (AIBHAS, Amity University, Noida, U.P.)

Pages:135-137
Susan Thomas (St. Johns Research Institute, St. Johns National, Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka)
Shobini L. Rao (Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental, Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka)

Science and spirituality have been viewed as two different entities, completely different from each other. However with the advent of new technologies, cognitive neuroscientists have been trying to understand meditation and consciousness. The most prominent techniques used include neuropsychological assessment, electro encephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Research has been encouraging in terms of being able to observe brain changes using a pre-post method or observational method. Scientists and meditators should come together and have a common language to be able to define the concepts in a mutually acceptable way and have techniques that are acceptable to both groups to study meditation and consciousness.

Pages:135-137Susan Thomas (St. Johns Research Institute, St. Johns National, Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka)Shobini…

Pages:138-140
Tanishka Safri (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, U.P.)

Hope is being able to see that there is light despite all of the darkness says Desmond Tutu. Hope has been hailed by thinkers of every age from Aristotle to Marcel. It has been endorsed by the spiritually minded as well as the most atheistic philosophers and scientists. Modern investigators have suggested there is no greater ally than hope. Unfortunately, there has been remarkably little empirical research on this topic. The present paper seeks to assess the meaning of hope, why hope is important, why do we need hope, the relationship and the difference between hope and optimism and the different theories and dimensions of the concept of hope according to different researchers.

Pages:138-140Tanishka Safri (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, U.P.)

Pages:141-143
Liyaqat Bashir and Hilal Bashir (Department of Education, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab )

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between educational aspiration of the secondary school students with parental encouragement and to find out the difference in educational aspiration and parental encouragement of secondary school students on the basis of gender. This study was conducted on a sample of 400 students studying in secondary schools of Kashmir division. Level of Educational Aspiration test standardized by Yashmin Ghani Khan(2011) and Parental Encouragement scale standardized by R.R. Sharma (2010) was administered to collect the data. In order to find out the difference ineducational aspiration and parental encouragement of the secondary school students on the basis of gender, t- test was used and to find out the relationship between educational aspiration of secondary school students with parental encouragement, Pearson's coefficient of correlation was used. The result shows that there exists no significant difference between male and female secondary school students in their educational aspiration and parental encouragement. Further the results indicate that there exists a positive significant relationship between educational aspiration of secondary school students with parental encouragement.

Pages:141-143Liyaqat Bashir and Hilal Bashir (Department of Education, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab )

Pages:144-146
Anjana Bhattacharjee and Nabanita Banik (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura)

The objective of the present study was to understand the determinants of marital quality among women of Agartala, the capital of Tripura. A group of 150 married women of 18 to 40 years of age were randomly selected from ten wards of Agartala Municipal Corporation. For data collection Basic Information Schedule and Marital Quality Scale (MQS) were used. The study was carried out during November 2014February 2015. Four hypotheses were formulated and they were verified by 't' test. Analysis of data revealed that quality of marital life of women is differed significantly with respect to their age, educational qualification, length and type of marriage.

Pages:144-146Anjana Bhattacharjee and Nabanita Banik (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura)

Pages:147-151
Semra Aksoy (Department of Educational Administration and Supervision, Gaziantep University, Turkey)
HabibÖzgan (Department of Education and Social Sciences Gaziantep University, Turkey)

The field of education, which is one of the most important areas of our developing country, needs to be developed and renewed both technologically and organizational side. Scientists, from all over the world, have become pioneers in the field of education with their new, developing and renewing knowledge. One of the famous scientists, Luthanshas come up with an idea named 'Psychological Capital'.This subject has become one of the most important subjects that have been searched for more than thirteen years in the education world. As it is known, the most important component in education is teacher and one of the factors that influence the teachers' guality of work is their psychological capital. Psychological capital indicates that if a man's psychology is directed in a positive way he can manage lots of things and when he acrosses with a difficulty, he can handle it easily. The aim of this research is to develop a scale that measures the psychological capitals of the teachers and to demonstrate their psychological capital perceptions. This research is a descriptive research. The sample of the research is constituted by surveying 315 teachers.The samples were chosen randomly. In order to develop the scale exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was done. In consequence of this research the perception psychological capital of the teachers were specified. After that the results were argued within the frame of related subject. In the education year of 2013-2014, ın the city of Gaziantep the total 315 teachers from public schools were sampled for the study. In order to develop the scale, firstly related literature was scanned and an item pool was constituted. Then a draft form consisting 58 items was formed. After having taken experts' view and having made required arrangements, the draft form was applied preliminarily. Following to that, the analysis of reliability and validity was done and the items whose item total statistics value is below 0.50 were excluded. So 25 items were left for the scale. As a result of validity analysis, for the explanatory factor analysis, the scale's KMO value is .093,3, Barlett test is .00 (p<.01) and the total explained variance is %53.3. The subscales of the scale are determined as hopeness, optimism, psychological stability. These subscales are found to be consistent with the literature. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, model's fit index obtained via DFA was examined and Chi-square value (x2=913.92, N= 308, sd=354, p=0.00) is observed to be significant. Fit index values are; RMSEA; 0.074, SRMR; 0.13, GFI; 0.81, AGFI; 0.77, CFI; 0.96, IFI; 0.94, NFI; 0.094; x2/df = 2.56. These values show that the scale is a good model. For the realibility of the scale of whose internal consistency was analyzed, Cronbach Alpha value is estimated to be 0.93. When analyzed as subscales, whole subscales values were above .70. As a result, a reliable and valid scale with 3 subscales consisting total 25 items has been obtained

Pages:147-151Semra Aksoy (Department of Educational Administration and Supervision, Gaziantep University, Turkey)HabibÖzgan (Department of Education and…

Pages:152-158
Sudarsan Behera and B. Rangaiah (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry)

Dance is a dynamic root to develop emotional expression and feelings through body movement and gesture. Dancer's internal and external feelings are directly related to their satisfaction. The present objectives has been designed:- to investigate the significant differences and mutual interactions among dancers on various dimensions of emotional maturity and life satisfaction, to examine the demographic variables and various dimensions of emotional maturity will be predicting life satisfaction. The study consisted sample of 200 traditional dancers from Odisha. Research instruments; Emotional maturity Scale (Singh & Bhargav), Life satisfaction scale (Singh & Joseph, 1997) were used to collect the data from respondents. Hypotheses were tested by using, Mean, SD, F-ratio and multiple regression analysis. The results found that a significant difference among dance groups on emotional progression, social adjustment, personal integration and total emotional maturity. Furthermore, the results revealed that the dimensions like, emotional stability, emotional progression, personal integration and independent were significantly contributing towards life-satisfaction. The results will discuss on socio-cultural context of India.

Pages:152-158Sudarsan Behera and B. Rangaiah (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry)

Pages:159-165
Suma Raju (JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka)
Nuggehalli Puttaveeraiah Nataraja (Director, JSS, Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka)

Bilingual and multilingual language acquisition may affect language and cognitive skills of children. Present study investigated the executive loaded working memory skills in Kannada-English bilingual children. The study compared verbal and visuo-spatial working memory skills between mono and bilinguals of two different age groups. A total of 120 monolingual and 120 bilingual children participated in the study. Results of the study found that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals on two different working memory tasks considered in both age groups.

Pages:159-165Suma Raju (JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka)Nuggehalli Puttaveeraiah Nataraja (Director, JSS, Institute…

Pages:166-171
Marzieh Jafarnezhad Darabi and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan Iran)
Fereshteh Mostafavi Rad (Department of Educational & Psychological Science, Sepidan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sepidan, Iran)

The aim of this study the effect of organizational adornment (5S) and business excellence (EFQM) on the happiness of employees the first refinery in South Pars Gas Complex Is descriptive and correlational. in this study 184 employees of the company are available sampling Were examined. Research data for the Oxford Happiness, Self-assessment questionnaire EFQM 2013 Excellence Model 5 S audit tool to assess organizational adornment were collected. Data using the Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis using the statistical software at the same time SPSS22 were analyzed. The results showed that between self-assessment of organizational excellence of leadership, policy and strategy, employees, customers and therefore the business results were significant. Also, in terms of organizational symmetry after separation, organized and sustainable health had significant impact on happiness. The study measured the impact of organizational and business excellence neatness component of happiness, according to the results, it was found that Variable symmetry both organizational and business excellence in anticipation of happiness variable effect and could explain 16 percent of happiness

Pages:166-171Marzieh Jafarnezhad Darabi and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan…

Pages:172-175
Ranjan Pattnaik, Rabindra Kumar Pradhan and Lalatendu Kesari Jena (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur)

Security personnel associated with risk taking jobs are prone to anxiety and stress that far outweighs employees in other job sectors. Earlier studies show that anxiety and other stress related emotions often affect the performance of security persons. Keeping this in mind, the present study was designed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and anxiety of security personnel. Data were collected from 104 security personnel randomly selected from a nationally reputed academic institute located in Eastern India. Test of emotional intelligence and anxiety were used for data collection. The study reported a statistically significant and inverse-relationship between emotional intelligence and anxiety. The study proposes some of the possible coping strategies for security personnel while dealing with anxiety. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed along with its scope for future research.

Pages:172-175Ranjan Pattnaik, Rabindra Kumar Pradhan and Lalatendu Kesari Jena (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences…

Pages:176-180
Sudeshna Roy and Ushri Banerjee (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

The present study was an attempt to investigate the academic career development stress, parent child relationship and self esteem among female school students. 45 students having working mothers and 45 students having nonworking mothers aged between 14 to 16 years were selected for the study. Academic career development stress scale, parent child relationship scale and Rosenberg self-esteem scale were administered on the subjects. Statistical analysis of data revealed significant difference between students having working and nonworking mothers regarding the domains pleasure, time management, academic competitiveness and support of academic career stress; protecting, demanding, symbolic reward and loving domain of parent child relationship scale and on self esteem i.e mean score of students having working mothers were significantly higher than students having nonworking mothers. On the other hand, students having non-working mothers were found to be significantly higher on the domains symbolic and object punishment of parent child relationship scale. No significant differences were observed with respect to the domains like difficulty level, course variation, punishment, academic achievement, expectancy from others and test anxiety of academic career stress and on the domains rejection, indifference, object reward and neglecting from parent child relationship scale.

Pages:176-180Sudeshna Roy and Ushri Banerjee (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Pages:181-186
Fareeda Shaheen (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Purpose of the present investigation was to study the spirituality and social support in relation to depression among adolescents. The sample comprised of 150 (75 male & 75 female) undergraduate students of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Spirituality Scale (Biswas & Biswas, 2006) was used for measuring spirituality, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988) was used for measuring social support and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II, 1996) was used for measuring depression of students. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and t-test were used for analyzing the data by SPSS 16 software. Result showed that there was significant negative correlation between spirituality and depression. Result also revealed that there was significant negative correlation between social support and depression. When gender differences was conducted on same sample, it was found that female students scored significantly higher on spirituality in comparison to male students. Further, it was also found that female students scored significantly higher on two dimensions of social support (i.e., significant others support and family support) in comparison to male students. While male students scored significantly higher on one dimension of social support (i.e. friends support) in comparison to female students. Results also showed that female students scored significantly higher on global social support in comparison to male students. Further it was also found that male students scored significantly higher on depression as compared to female students.

Pages:181-186Fareeda Shaheen (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages:187-191
Shradha Gaur, Shikha Verma and Swaran Lata (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi)

The primary aim of this study was to observe the influence of cognitive style on the extent to which individuals get addicted to the internet. It also aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive style on the choice of discipline post school. For the said purpose, 115 university students (Mean age = 23.26 years) belonging to science, commerce and humanities disciplines were contacted. Cognitive styles and internet addiction were measured by the Rational-Experiential Inventory (Pacini & Epstein, 1999) and the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1996) respectively. Correlational analyses yielded a positive but non-significant correlation between experientiality and internet addiction and a significant negative correlation between rationality and internet addiction. Subsequent one way analysis of variance suggested significant differences between internet addiction in science and humanities students. However, non-significant differences were found between the cognitive styles of science, commerce and humanities students. The present findings provide evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy as the preferred line of treatment for internet addiction. Moreover, they illustrate the possible link between cognitive styles and academic choices which may be validated in subsequent studies.

Pages:187-191Shradha Gaur, Shikha Verma and Swaran Lata (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras…

Pages:192-195
Seema Garg (Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab)
Agya Jit Singh (Former Head (Retd.) Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The main purpose of the study was to find out the gender, location and type of school differences on self efficacy of high school students. For measuring self efficacy of the students self confidence Inventory devised by Rekha Agnihotri was administrated to 400 high school students. The results of the study show that Males and females do not differ on self-confidence where as the students of the rural school and urban schools as well as Govt. and private school have significant differences. Urban school and private school students have higher level of self-confidence as compared to their counterparts.

Pages:192-195Seema Garg (Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab)Agya Jit Singh (Former Head (Retd.) Psychology, Punjabi…
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