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Page: 42-45
Devidutta Pati and Manaswini Dash (P.G. Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)

The current research studied the contribution of spiritual intelligence to the happiness of the adolescent students. A total of 160 students with 73 males and 87 females studying indifferent colleges of Odisha within the age range of 18 to 20 years, were given the Spiritual Intelligence Self Inventory (King, 2008). A median split was done to classify them as high scorers and low scorers of Spiritual Intelligence (SI). These two groups were then provided with the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002). Data were quantitatively analyzed with the help of independent sample 't' test. Outcomes revealed significant difference betwixt the happiness levels of the two groups. Only the Personal Meaning Production (PMP) component of Spiritual Intelligence could significantly predict happiness as seen from regression analysis. The results have been discussed in the context of situations prevailing during Covid-19 pandemic.

Page: 42-45Devidutta Pati and Manaswini Dash (P.G. Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)

Page: 46-51
Lopamudra Das Gupta1 and Medha Saha2 (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal1 and Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh2)

The prevailing COVID-19 pandemic has caused the entire mankind to experience some drastic changes with respect to their physiological, social, and emotional well-being. In times of such uncertainties, our personal happiness and morningness-eveningness, two of the many aspects of our lives, suffered from considerable levels of ups and downs. The present study involves assessing these two mentioned variables and determining the relationship between them as prevalent in the sample of the young adults of West Bengal. Personal happiness was assessed using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), and the morningness-eveningness of the sample was determined by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire- Self Assessment version (MEQ-SA). 219 individuals (Male- 111; Female- 106; & Prefer not to say- 2) residing in the Indian state of West Bengal, formed the sample of the present study. Sampling was done using convenience sampling method and snowball sampling method. The responses of the sample indicated that the majority of the young adults were of intermediate type (64.8%) and reported moderate levels of personal happiness. Morning-type young adults, although comprising just 10.05% of the present sample, were found to be significantly happier than the young adults who were reportedly of evening-type. The product-moment correlation coefficient (r) indicated a weak, positive, and significant association between personal happiness and morningness-eveningness. The simple linear regression analysis suggested a significant positive influence of morningness-eveningness on personal happiness. Thus, the findings of the present study indicate that one's tendency towards morningness is expected to increase his/her personal happiness.

Page: 46-51Lopamudra Das Gupta1 and Medha Saha2 (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata…

Page: 52-55
Jyoti and Chandra Kala Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, COHS, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Adolescence is a period of shift from playful childhood and responsible adulthood. A teenager is torn by conflicting feelings. It is connected with a period of increased risk-taking behaviors as well as increased emotional reactivity. This is normally coincident with changes in the social and school environment, such as spending less time with parents and more with peers, as well as an increase in independence. These behavioral changes occur in the context of developmental changes that are influenced by both external environmental and internal factors that elicit and support behaviors (Jaworska & Macqueen, 2015). Emotional intelligence includes the ability to engage in sophisticated information processing about one's own and others' emotions and the ability to use this information as a guide to think and behave. That is an individual high in emotional intelligence pay attention to use, understand and manage emotions and these skills serve adaptive functions that potentially benefits themselves and others (Salovey et al., 2008). The study was conducted in Jind and Bhiwani districts of Haryana state. From which 240 adolescents from the age group of 14-16 years were selected randomly. In the study equal number of boys and girls were selected. For assessing emotional intelligence, Emotional intelligence scale by Hyde et al. (2002) was used. The collected data was systematically classified and tabulated as per the objectives of the study. To study data frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation and independent sample 'z' test was used. Results showed that adolescents of Jind district were more committed, self-awarded, and emphatic, better at managing relations and are more emotionally stable than adolescents of Bhiwani district.

Page: 52-55Jyoti and Chandra Kala Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, COHS, Chaudhary…

Page: 56-60
Sarita Mishra Kolhe (Commissioner of Income Tax, Department of Income Tax, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi)

Gratitude is the "parent of all virtues". Humanities researchers have linked scrupulous and socially acceptable behaviour with gratitude. Gratitude like other constructive emotion develops and builds the character, conduct and personality of an individual. Gratitude is considered as an indicator of morality, manifestation of behaviour that promotes morality and a reinforcer of morality. Gratitude once generated and practiced becomes a long-lasting skillset in an individual's repository for the expression of empathy, amity, kindness and affection. A handful of studies have highlighted that, organisations with workforce who experience positive emotions regularly, have more customer loyalty, less absenteeism, profitable sales and more gainful and rewarding financial outcomes. Recent works in Neurocardiology have found that while experiencing emotions such as frustration, angry outbursts or fear and apprehension, the heart rhythm becomes more irregular and chaotic indicating lower synchronism in the reciprocity between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System. Whereas, experience of regular positive emotions were linked with ordered and cohesive display of rhythms in the heart, showing higher synchronicity amid the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System and a change in the equilibrium towards higher parasympathetic functions. By inculcating a condition of phsysiolgoical coherence, positive emotions like appreciation, love, gratitude etc. foster an inner setting within the individual which is favourable to both physical and emotional rejuvenation. Essentially, gratitude as a positive psychological concept has immense benefits and utility, which if learned and put to practice can significantly promote better relationships and effective adaptation to the environment.

Page: 56-60Sarita Mishra Kolhe (Commissioner of Income Tax, Department of Income Tax, Ministry of Finance…

Page: 61-64
Pratibha Jindal1 and Vandana Sharma2 (Department of Psychology, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh1 and Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab and Department of Psychology, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab2)

The present research aimed to study the effect of re-attributional training on self-efficacy and its sub-dimensions namely academic, social and emotional self-efficacy. A sample of 60 female students with low efficacy beliefs between the age group of 14-17 years was selected randomly from various educational institutions of Chandigarh. An experimental-control design was used. An anagram task was manipulated to improve the self-efficacy of the students. Low efficacious students were subjected to positive outcome feedback for their performance on the task. After the training phase, the participants were assessed on a self-efficacy questionnaire for children (Muris, 2001) for measuring their altered self-efficacy. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The analysis indicated that re-attributional training played a significant role in raising self-efficacy and its sub-dimensions. The practical guidelines and future research recommendations will be discussed.

Page: 61-64Pratibha Jindal1 and Vandana Sharma2 (Department of Psychology, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh1 and…

Page: 65-69
C. R. Darolia and Payal Chugh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

This study examined whether belief in the paranormal is linked to Big-Five personality traits, religiosity, and modernity. It has also explored the extent to which these three variables of individual difference jointly contribute to paranormal belief. A total of 280 adults (140 men & 140 women) in the age range of 19 to 50 years served as sample for the study, all of them belong to traditional Hindu religion by birth. Participants were administered four psychological instruments, i.e., Revised Paranormal Belief Scale, NEO-Five Factor Inventory, Religiosity Scale, and Modernization Scale. Only the global paranormal belief score was used in the study instead of individual scales. The results revealed that paranormal belief has a modest positive correlation with personality trait Openness (.30, p<.001) and Extraversion (.24, p<.001). A strong positive correlation (.43, p<.001) has surfaced between religiosity and paranormal belief. Among scales of modernity, Socio-religious (-.32, p<.001) and Marriage (-.13, p<.05) were found to have significant but negative association with belief in paranormal. Results of multiple regression have indicated that the measures of personality, religiosity, and modernity jointly account for 34.3% of variance (R=.586, p<.0001) in global paranormal belief, wherein Openness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, religiosity, and modernity in marriage system are the significant predictors. These results further suggest that in the prediction of paranormal belief the predictor variables form a linear combination, which is slightly different form their relationship surfaced in bivariate analysis.

Page: 65-69C. R. Darolia and Payal Chugh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Page: 70-75
Nayanika Singh and Gurnoor Kaur Suri (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Sector 26, Chandigarh, Govt. of Punjab and Department of Psychology, Sanskriti School, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi)

Amalgamating three concepts of mettle under a singular umbrella, the present paper presents an explicit linkage between empowering stamina, adversity quotient, and resilient undertakings. Uplifted to a level of escalated supremacy as COVID-19 pandemic induces adverse circumstance never-before experienced by the student population; extending to spheres of physicality and bodily empowerment, emotional and psychological strength surrounding resilience, and capability to regulate self in the face of academic hindrances. Intricately formulating an association between the three arenas and techniques and strategies, infused with their pragmatic appeal, the present research assists in enabling the development of adversity quotient and resilient levels via the utilization of the tool of empowerment.

Page: 70-75Nayanika Singh and Gurnoor Kaur Suri (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of…

Page: 299-302
Jaya Rajagopalan (Department of Psychology, St. Mira's College for Girls, Pune, Maharashtra)

Body image is a complex and multidimensional construct that includes self-perceptions and attitudes (thoughts, feelings, and behavior) related to the body. According to research, a person's positive or negative feelings regarding his or her physique might impact his or her well-being in the general population. The majority of body image research has focused on negative aspects such as dissatisfaction or distortion. There is a paucity of research on the protective factors that keep certain women from developing a negative body image. Despite the fact that research has shown that the characteristics linked with a good body image may be in contrast to those connected with a negative one, the predictors of a positive body image or the result of such a positive impression have received less attention. The present study attempted to look at the positive aspects of body image and to study whether resilience enhances appreciation of the body. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between body image appreciation and resilience. Data was collected from 100 female participants, age group 17- 22 years. Materials used were a demographic sheet, Body Appreciation Scale, BMI ratings, and Resilience Scale. Results show that body image appreciation was significantly related to resilience. The outcome of the study has strengthened the need to understand the psycho social correlates of body appreciation. Results have been discussed in accordance to past research and possible implications.

Page: 299-302Jaya Rajagopalan (Department of Psychology, St. Mira’s College for Girls, Pune, Maharashtra)

Page: 303-308
Anagha L. Lavalekar1 and Sanjyot Deshpande2 (Jnana Prabodhini's Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra1 and Private Counseling Practitioner, Pune, Maharashtra2)

Midlife is a known period for emotional transitions and vulnerability. Specially for many women who choose to be home makers it is even more challenging due to the very nature of their way of life. They may feel little abandoned by spouse and children who earlier are highly dependent on them. Also health issues start popping up and a guilt of not having fulfilled the potentials can be troublesome. All this influences the emotional and practical life of such women. This leads to issues of psychological well-being. The present paper discusses how an in depth training based on rational- emotive behavioral approach positively influenced the psychological well-being of 35 women in midlife. Qualitative analysis of the focused group discussions with these women has uncovered the inner elegant change in their thought processes enhancing their psychological well-being.

Page: 303-308Anagha L. Lavalekar1 and Sanjyot Deshpande2 (Jnana Prabodhini’s Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra1 and…

Page: 309-313
Pooja V. Anand (Department of Psychology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The contemporary world with its various challenges has brought about a lot of suffering for the people worldwide. One of the recent and gravest examples of this is the suffering induced by the Covid-19 pandemic. This suffering is further aggravated due to our overemphasis on logic and rationality and relegating emotions to the background. This has led to ignoring emotions and their crucial role in our life. In addition, there is a faulty categorization of emotions into positive and negative and giving utmost importance to positive emotions and neglecting negative emotions. The overemphasis on positive emotions is one of the key features of the movement of positive psychology as well as one of its most scathing criticisms. The construct of emotional intelligence has renewed interest in emotions and their crucial role in our life. Emotional intelligence with its emphasis on understanding and managing emotions can play a significant role in dealing with suffering, especially suffering brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Page: 309-313Pooja V. Anand (Department of Psychology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Page: 314-317
Manisha Dhami, Seema Sharma, and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Good mental health is important for healthy individual development, strong relationships and resilience. To assess and compare the mental health of youth from two different states of India, a research was conducted on 360 youth aged between 20-22 years. Mental health battery by Singh and Gupta (2000) was used to assess mental health and Spiritual intelligence scale by Dhar and Dhar (2010) was used to assess spiritual intelligence. Results indicated that youth of Punjab had better mental health than youth of Uttarakhand with a significant difference. No significant difference was found in the locale wise gender differences of the youth across various dimensions of mental health except intelligence and a significant and positive correlation was found between mental health and spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence aids individuals in overcoming fear, anxiety and stress.

Page: 314-317Manisha Dhami, Seema Sharma, and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development & Family…

Page: 318-325
Omid Karimi1, Yaser Zarei2, Zahra Zarei3, and Fatemeh Rahimi4 (Department of Teacher of Chabahar Education, Yazd University of Science and Art, Iran1, Department of Teacher of Chabahar Education, Master of Educational Management, Arsanjan Azad University, Iran2, Department of Educational Sciences, Undergraduate Student of Elementary Education, Arsanjan Azad University, Iran3, Department of Persian the Literature, Literature Teacher of Arsanjan Education Department, Iran4)

The aim of this study was to predict test anxiety based on learning and motivation styles in high school students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The study population included high school students in Shiraz who were selected by purposive sampling. Exam anxiety questionnaires, learning styles and motivation were used to measure the variables. Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous linear regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the whole regression model for predicting test anxiety based on subscales of learning styles was significant. Also, the results showed that predicting test anxiety based on motivational styles inversely and significantly could predict 20% of the variance of test anxiety.

Page: 318-325Omid Karimi1, Yaser Zarei2, Zahra Zarei3, and Fatemeh Rahimi4 (Department of Teacher of Chabahar…

Page: 326-332
Raosaheb Raut1 and Sushmita Gokhale2 (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra1 and Tech Mahindra, Maharashtra2)

Diversity is known to be recognized and utilized as an increasingly essential organizational resource. This is because most companies strive to be the employer of choice, willingness to gain and maintain a competitive edge and also provide phenomenal customer engagement and service. The objective of this research was to deep dive and gain further understanding of the relationship between employee performance and workforce diversity in public and private sector employees. This research embraces the vital elements of diversity which are age, gender, ethnicity, educational background of the employees. A correlational research design with a survey method was employed for the present research study. Data was collected using the purposive sampling technique from public and private sector organizations which were located in Mumbai city. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between employee performance and diverse workforce in the private sector for the variables gender, age and educational background and ethnicity. However, for the public sector organizations, the results showed that there was an insignificant relationship between employee performance and diverse workforce for the variables gender, age and educational background and ethnicity. End of the paper, Implications of the research study and delimitations were discussed.

Page: 326-332Raosaheb Raut1 and Sushmita Gokhale2 (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra1…

Page: 333-339
Hossein Mahmoudi1, Hassan Heidari2, and Mansour Abdi3 (Department of Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran1, Department of Counseling, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran2, and Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran3)

The present study was conducted with the general title and purpose of examining the relationship between personality traits (excitement, assertiveness, & psychological toughness), religious attitude and marital satisfaction with drug addiction readiness in men and women in Arak. The study population included all married men and women in Arak in 2011 that had at least two years of marital experience, a maximum of 45 years of age and were literate at the cycle level. The research sample consisted of 400 people (including 200 females & 200 males) who were sampled. These questionnaires include: Addiction Readiness Assessment Scale (APS) (Zargar, 2006); Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale 47 items (Sanaei & Alaqmand, 1999); Allport Religious Attitude Scale (ROS) (Mokhtari, 2000); Kubas Psychological Hardiness Scale (Kiamarsi, 2007); Existence Measurement Scale (ASA) (Shahni Yilagh, 2009); and Zaker Man Excitement Scale (quoted by Hassanzadeh, 2009). There was no relationship between psychological toughness and readiness for addiction in women, but there is an inverse relationship between men and with increasing toughness, readiness for addiction decreases. There was a significant direct relationship between the means of existence and readiness for addiction in women, but no relationship was seen in men. Also, due to the inconsistency of the findings of the present study with the findings of other countries in the fields of emotion seeking and psychological toughness, it is suggested that the quality of excitement and toughness and scales for measuring these variables be considered as future research topics by researchers.

Page: 333-339Hossein Mahmoudi1, Hassan Heidari2, and Mansour Abdi3 (Department of Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad…

Page: 340-345
Sukhminder Kaur and Jasreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The expansion in internet availability with widespread devices such as mobile phones has given the opportunity to young people to access and use internet during day or bed time. In researches, excessive usage of internet has been reported as a significant factor in maladjustment and has detrimental effects on well-being of youngsters. Such effects hinder their studies, interpersonal relationships and impact their long term career goals. It has been revealed that excessive internet usage impacts physical and mental health of adolescents while considering personality traits crucial for developing addictions and preventing the ill effects of over usage. Thus, the objective of present study was to assess the role of personality factors in sleep behaviors of excessive internet users. The sample comprised of 100 male adolescents from various schools of Patiala within the age range of 15-18 years. Product moment Correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed a positive association of Extraversion with night time sleepability and anytime sleepability and negative correlation with morning lateness, evening lateness and anytime wakeability of excessive internet users. Further neuroticism was positively correlated with morning lateness, evening lateness and anytime wakeability but negative association with night sleep quality and anytime sleepability. Also, Psychoticism was positively correlated with morning lateness, evening lateness anytime sleepability and anytime wakeability but negative association with night time sleepability. Additionally, Extraversion had a significant contribution in healthy sleep-wake patterns. Significant implications of the study have been discussed.

Page: 340-345Sukhminder Kaur and Jasreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Page: 346-350
Ayesha Khan and Shah Mohd. Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study seeks to uncover the important determinants and correlates of women's psychological well-being in terms of ethical decision making and openness to change. A sample of 250 working and non-working women aged between 25-40 years was studied. The results of the study revealed the significant negative relationships of openness to change and psychological well-being with ethical decision making. Openness to change and psychological well-being also emerged as significant predictors of ethical decision making. The moderate to large amount of effect size observed through regression models. Conclusion drawn and implication of the study suggested.

Page: 346-350Ayesha Khan and Shah Mohd. Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar…

Page: 351-361
Sundharraj Gokilapriya and Narayanan Annalakshmi (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

The present study is aimed at examining the association between socio-demographic factors and positive psychological outcomes among transgenders. A convenient sample of 330 transwomen in the age group 18 to 55 years were recruited from different regions of a mid-sized city in South India. The participants completed self-reported measures of happiness, PERMA, and life satisfaction. The socio-demographic details were collected using a personal data sheet. One-way ANOVA and correlational analysis were carried out to analyze the data. Those from the Madurai district had higher levels of happiness, flourishing, and life satisfaction than those from other districts. Those who does not want to disclose their community had higher levels of happiness than those belonging to the BC category. Those belonging to FC/OC category had higher levels of life satisfaction than those belonging to the BC category. Those who completed under graduation had higher levels of happiness and flourishing than those who completed middle school level of education. Those who were single had higher life satisfaction than those who had a relationship. Transgenders who had contact with their biological family and the trans association had greater happiness than those who had no contact. Those who lived with the transgender community had scored high on flourishing than those who lived with the family of choice. The age of becoming aware of their gender identity was negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Income was negatively correlated with happiness and life satisfaction. Socio-demographic factors also play a pivotal role in influencing the positive psychological outcomes in transgenders. The findings are discussed with implications for future research, practice, and policy making.

Page: 351-361Sundharraj Gokilapriya and Narayanan Annalakshmi (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Page: 362-366
Aroonmalini Boruah1 and Neeta Kalita Barua2 (Centre for Studies in Applied Psychology, Dibrugarh University, Assam1 and Department of Education, Dibrugarh University, Assam2)

The aim of this research is to view the process of ageing from a positive perspective and be aware of the factors associated with it. Research evidences claim that better and higher education along with continuous brain activity, have been found to be important determinants of successful ageing. An effort was thus made to examine whether the teachers of Dibrugarh University, Assam, who are at a high social stage as well as level of education were ageing successfully or not. The Successful Ageing Scale (SAS) based on four models of successful ageing has been used in the study to collect data. The quantitative analyses of the data collected by the tool used (SAS) suggest that the senior teachers of Dibrugarh University, who were the sample of the study, perceived themselves to be ageing successfully. All the teachers of the selected sample have shown the indicators of successful ageing, irrespective of their gender. Being in the field of education and being involved with the younger generation, have given them opportunities for participation in both physical and mental activities which are important for positive health and well-being at the later age (Menec, 2003). This understanding of the participation of older adult learners as a whole in educational activities and its link to successful ageing is useful for the understanding of education gerontology, lifelong learning and continuing education practice and research.

Page: 362-366Aroonmalini Boruah1 and Neeta Kalita Barua2 (Centre for Studies in Applied Psychology, Dibrugarh University…

Page: 367-371
Shalini Joshi and Gurminder Sokhey (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the ability to perceive, integrate, understand and to regulate emotions to promote personal growth. People with high emotional intelligence are sensitive to other's needs, form good connections with others and are adept in acquiring new information and learnings which leads the way to reaching one's full potential. Such favourable social experiences help in building self-esteem and making emotional intelligence pivotal in fostering such experiences. The present study is an ongoing Ph.D work which attempts to enhance self-esteem of school children with the help of EI intervention. The sample comprised 203 primary school children (8-10 years) and was divided into High and Low EI on the basis of the Assessment of Children's Emotion Skills. 60 students with low EI were selected out of which 30 students received the EI intervention program and 30 comprised the Control group who received no EI intervention. Battle's Self Esteem Inventory for children was administered to get the baseline scores on Self-esteem which were recorded before the intervention, a second recording after 2 months and and the third recording took place after 5 months. A 2 x 3 ANOVA with Mixed Design was applied and trend of the results follow the previous researches where an enhancement in EI led to an enhancement in self-esteem of school children. Findings of this study imply that it is never too early to give children the tools of EI and in doing so children learn to be assertive, make meaningful friendships, learn to appreciate one's own worth thus paving the way for success in life.

Page: 367-371Shalini Joshi and Gurminder Sokhey (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Page: 372-378
Leila Yousefipour and Shahram Nouri Samarin (Department of Psychology, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezfoul, Iran)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy training on increasing responsibility and reducing feelings of loneliness in students of Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch. A quasi-experimental method with pre- test and post-test, control and follow up designs were employed. The statistical population included all students studying at the Islamic Azad University of Dezful in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample group consisted of 30 subjects who were purposefully selected based on entry and exit criteria and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people (experimental & control) and then the experimental group for 7 sessions of 90 minutes undergoing reality therapy training, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The experimental and control groups were evaluated before and after the interventions using the Responsibility and Loneliness Questionnaire. To analyze the data obtained, a multivariate analysis and a covariance analysis were used. The results showed an increase in responsibility score and a decrease in loneliness in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase. Since the reality therapy training program within a group leads to increase responsibility as well as to decrease the feeling of loneliness in the students, it can be used as a helpful and efficient program for students.

Page: 372-378Leila Yousefipour and Shahram Nouri Samarin (Department of Psychology, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University…
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