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Pages: 952-955
Faustin Habineza (INES-Ruhengeri, P.O. Box 155 Ruhengeri, Rwanda)

Mathematics is still considered as a subject that causes fear to Students in Rwandan schools. This study aimed at exploring the levels of Mathematics attitudes and anxiety manifested by secondary students in urban and rural secondary schools in Musanze District. Tapia and Marsh's (2004) instrument was used to collect data and descriptive statistics was used to analyse data. The study showed the students' attitudes were mostly high and female students were less anxious than their counterpart males in urban and in rural secondary schools.
Pages: 952-955 Faustin Habineza (INES-Ruhengeri, P.O. Box 155 Ruhengeri, Rwanda)
Pages: 956-963
Jeny Rapheal (HSST, Aleemul Islam Higher Secondary School, Thrissur, Kerala)
Varghese Paul K. (Department of Psychology, Prajyoti Niketan College, Pudukkad, Kerala)

The study was an attempt to chalk out the nature of differences in the educational involvement of parents of students belonging to different educational institutions of Kerala state. Three types of educational institutions namey, goverment, aided and private were considered for analysis. Data was collected from 261 adolescents from various higher secondary schools of Thrissur district of Kerala state. Parental involvement scale (Clinton & Hattie, 2013); Home Work Involvement Scale (Núñez et al., 2015); and Percieved Parental Autonomy Support Scale (Mageau, 2015) were used to collect the necessary data. Differences in the nature of involvement among the parents of three types of schools were calculated using ANOVA. SPSSver.23 was used for the statistical analysis. The results revealed that parents of private institutions practiced better educational involvement compared to their counterparts in aided and government institutions. Though socio-economic status of parents of private school students were comparatively higher, it need not be the only reason behind the better involvement in the academic life of their wards. The role played by school's interest in the parental participation and the related school policy might have contributed to the differences noticed under study. So study raises the need for exploring into the situtaion and formulating effective parental involvement policy in the schools.
Pages: 956-963 Jeny Rapheal (HSST, Aleemul Islam Higher Secondary School, Thrissur, Kerala) Varghese Paul K. (Department of…
964-968
Dinka Yadeta Oli (Department of Behavioral Science, College of Education and Behavioral Science Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia)

The main purpose of this study was to investigate challenges and opportunities experienced by Students with Physical Disabilities (SWPD's) in Primary Schools of Wollega Zones. The research employed qualitative design and simple random sampling technique to select 2(two) primary schools from four towns of Wollega Zones (i.e., Shambu & Gimbi) and students with physical disabilities were selected purposively (i.e.,7 SWPD's). Collection of data was conducted by using semi-structured interview to investigate the phenomena. The research employed Thematic Content Analysis as a mode of data analysis in the study. Results of the study showed that, students with physical disabilities generally find that there is inadequate physical infrastructure which compromises their physical access within the school and outside of the school. The participants also had to deal with discrimination from peers and staff. Furthermore, participants reported that being provided with proper facilities such as crunches and wheelchairs would help them find the environment less challenging. The poor infrastructure in schools cause many challenges and impair ability to move freely which, at times, leads them to staying in their classrooms thus increasing their separation. Finally, based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended that, awareness raising activities should be designed to the school principals, teachers, families and other stakeholders so that they could support and encourage inclusiveness of regular schools. School should be provided relevant training and they need to be innovative, flexible, creative, willing, welcoming and capable of initiating participatory inclusive environment.
964-968 Dinka Yadeta Oli (Department of Behavioral Science, College of Education and Behavioral Science Nekemte, Oromia…
Pages: 969-971
Rupjyoti Bhattacharjee and Sendi Seb Rengma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, AAU, Jorhat, Assam)

Marital adjustment is important for a successful married life. Rogers (1972) views the concept of marriage as basis of many marital adjustments. The present study was undertaken to study the marital adjustment of government and private teachers and to examine if there is any significant difference between the two groups across different aspects of marital adjustment. The study was conducted in Jorhat district of Assam. A total of 100 samples (50 government teachers & 50 private teachers) were selected purposively for the study. Data was collected from the respondents by using an interview schedule prepared by the researcher. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were in average level of financial adjustment, emotional compatibility and upbringing of children. However, government teachers were found better adjusted than private teachers in all aspects of marital adjustment. Statistical analysis (z-test) also showed a significant difference between the two groups in the aspect of financial adjustment and upbringing of children. There was no significant difference found between the two groups in the aspect of emotional compatibility.
Pages: 969-971 Rupjyoti Bhattacharjee and Sendi Seb Rengma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College…
Pages: 972-976
Vijay Kumar and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

The rapid convergence of mass media and communication technologies has made. Television is clearly part of the lives of hundreds of millions of young children around the world. This study examines the background and television viewing behavior of primary school boys in rural and urban areas. The study was conducted on 100 boys of Bhiwani district of Haryana state in which 50 boys from rural and 50 boys were urban. The data was analyzed by applying frequency, percentages, mean and rank. The study showed majority of the respondents belonged to age group 9-10 years in rural areas, had joint family, and belonged to backward class, having income up to Rs. 2025. Result regarding viewing frequency observed that 56.0 per cent boys were watching television up to 2 hrs and most preferred programmes of rural and urban was cartoon. Decision about channels and programmes half the cases selection was taken by father and majority of the respondents were watching television for entertainment.
Pages: 972-976 Vijay Kumar and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University…
Pages: 977-981
Jin Cui (Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines)

This study was conducted to assess the pedagogical management competencies of Mandarin Language Teachers of selected Chinese schools in the National Capital Region (NCR) during the First Quarter of School Year 2018-2019. Results revealed that both assessments of the Elementary and High School Mandarin Language teachers rated the Teacher's Attitude competency as the highest while Information, Media and Technology Skills were the least. With regard to the Head teachers' assessment, the Teacher's Attitude competency was assessed much higher as compared to Information, Media and Technology competency among the Elementary teachers. On the other hand, the High School teachers garnered the highest rating in the Mastery of the Mandarin Language competency as compared to the Information, Media and Technology competency which obtained the lowest mean. Meanwhile, when the assessments of the Elementary and High School Mandarin Language teachers with their respective Head teachers were compared accordingly, it resulted to a “no significant difference” result. Similarly, “no significant difference” result was noted when the overall assessments of the Elementary and High School Mandarin Language teachers were compared to that of their Head teachers. Finally, the Elementary and High School respondents shared the same views when their overall assessments were compared accordingly.
Pages: 977-981 Jin Cui (Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines)
Pages: 982-983
Rijul Sihag (Department of Sociology, CR Law College, Hisar, Haryana)

Domestic violence against women is old phenomena. Women were always considered weak, vulnerable and in a position to be exploited. Cultural mores, religious practices, economic and political conditions may set the precedence for initiating and perpetuating domestic violence, but ultimately committing an act of violence is a choice that the individual makes out of a range of options. Moreover, women are socialized into their gender roles in different societies throughout the world. In societies with a patriarchal power structure and with rigid gender roles, women are often poorly equipped to protect themselves if their partners become violent. India's National Family Health Survey-IV (2015-16) has found that a substantial proportion of married women have been physically or sexually abused by their husbands at some time in their lives. It is on this basis that this paper discusses the meaning, types of domestic violence and after-effects of these types of violence on abused women. In addition, the paper discusses the laws in action for providing intervention to the affected individuals. This can be restrained by educating women about her rights, provision of strict laws and punishment for offence of domestic violence.
Pages: 982-983 Rijul Sihag (Department of Sociology, CR Law College, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 984-987
Vivek K. Jha (Department of Audiology and Speech, Language Pathology, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana)

The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of hearing loss and to describe the hearing impairment and the possible contributing factors, responsible for sensori neural hearing loss in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. This was a prospective study carried out on 30 cases of CRF attending otorhinolaryngological and dialysis services for hearing disturbance and on 30 healthy volunteers for control study, having the same inclusion criteria except (does not suffering with CRF) having normal renal function tests. These volunteers attended the ENT OPD, for oto-rhino-laryngological services but not for hearing problems. The results of the statistical analysis are as follows, Severity of hearing loss in different frequencies was not the same.60% of the chronic renal failure patients is having sensorineural hearing loss. 6.6% is found to have conductive hearing loss, 3.4 % is found to have mixed hearing loss, 8 % is found to have noise induced hearing loss and 22% is found to have normal hearing. Hearing loss is a common finding in patients with chronic renal failure, and deafness may occur during the course of haemodialysis. The present study also indicate that the hearing loss is progressive in nature. Urea, ototoxins, axonal uremic neuropathy, anemia, and toxic degradation products from cellulose acetate dialyzer membranes are all possible aetiologic factors for hearing loss in CRF patients. We hope that a prospective study on this subject may clarify the relationship between hearing loss and chronic renal failure and its treatment.
Pages: 984-987 Vivek K. Jha (Department of Audiology and Speech, Language Pathology, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences…
Pages: 988-990
Poonam Kumari, Neelam M. Rose, and Saroj S. Jeet Singh (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

In this study woven cotton fabric is treated with geranium oil microcapsules through pad dry cure technique to incorporate aroma finish. Geranium oil microcapsules were prepared by complex cocervation technique. Abrasion resistance and wash durability of aroma finished fabric was tested and analysis for retention of aroma was carried out by olfactory analysis done by 25 respondents. Analysis for presence of microcapsules was done through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Wash fastness and abrasion resistance of aroma finished fabric by oil microcapsules with pad-dry-cure technique were tested against the fabric finished by direct method. The findings of the present study revealed that wash fastness and abrasion resistance has increased manifold in fabric treated with oil microcapsules as compared to direct method. On the surface of microencapsulated treated fabric numerous microcapsules containing geranium essential oil inside the matrix varying in their size and shapes were found, however in case of direct method some residue of citric acid was observed by SEM.
Pages: 988-990 Poonam Kumari, Neelam M. Rose, and Saroj S. Jeet Singh (Department of Textile and…
Pages: 991-993
Shilpa Shukla (Department of Social Work, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

The basic problems inherent in slums are health hazards. Lack of basic services like safe drinking water, proper housing, drainage, and sheet disposal services; make slum population vulnerable and generate infections. Dalit women are living in slums represent a pathetic scenario in terms of ill health, low level of income, educational backwardness, and unhygienic environment. The research study found health and hygiene problem in research area like lack of proper sensitization and lack of awareness related health issues and inadequate efforts of government and non government organisations due to corruption of policies and services. This research paper has explored responsible factors for poor health and hygiene of dalit women.
Pages: 991-993 Shilpa Shukla (Department of Social Work, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages: 994-1000
A. Sangwan, Kuldeep Singh, P. S. Sangwan, R. P. Sansanwal, and B. S. Duhan (Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

A pot experiment was conducted at Choudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University to study the effect of different sources of sulphur on micronutrient concentration and uptake by wheat. Various levels of sulphur significantly increased zinc content in grain over control. The increase in zinc content was more pronounced at highest level of sulphur as compared to lower levels. The increase was 5.0, 8.5 and 10.6 per cent over control at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg sulphur application, respectively. The maximum uptake (558.07 μg/pot) was observed at highest level and the magnitude of increase was 18.8, 27.2 and 33.0 μg/pot at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg sulphur application over control (419.28 μg/pot). The copper concentration in grain significantly increased with increasing level of sulphur over control (6.82%). The gradual increase of sulphur from 20 to 40 and 40 to 60 mg/kg also resulted in significant increase in uptake of copper. With regard to various sources of sulphur, the copper uptake in grain was found to be significantly at par. The concentration of manganese in grain also increased significantly with graded dose of sulphur application over control (83.53%). The uptake of manganese in grain was also influenced significantly with respect to various level of sulphur over control (632.50 μg/pot) recording maximum (817.45 μg/pot) at highest level i.e. 60 mg/kg sulphur application. In grain, the iron content also increased significantly with respect to different doses of sulphur and this increased was 4.2, 6.4 and 10.6 per cent at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg sulphur application over control (97.39%). Uptake of iron by wheat grain was found to be positively and significantly increased with increasing level of sulphur. The increase was 17.9, 25.0 and 33.0 per cent at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg sulphur application, respectively over control.
Pages: 994-1000 A. Sangwan, Kuldeep Singh, P. S. Sangwan, R. P. Sansanwal, and B. S. Duhan…
Pages: 1001-1004
Riddhita Shah and Kamayani Mathur (Department of Psychology, Philosophy & Education, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat)

Autism is defined as a complex neuro-development disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. Autism impacts development areas like social interaction, communication skills and behaviour. Around 7,00,000 Americans live with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Buescher et al., 2014). According to Rehabilitation Council of India approximately 1 in every 250 person has Autism. Having an Autistic child might give a devastating experience to the family. Furthermore, lack of societal understanding towards the special needs and requirements of these children would make things worse. Treatment given by the caregiver (Parent) to the child shapes his/her 'self' and personality in a characteristic way. This quantitative, purposive sampling study comprised of 40 mothers and 40 fathers of children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder. It also comprised of 20 working and 20 non-working mothers of children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder. The parents were given Questionnaire on Multi-Dimensional Parenting Scale (MDP Scale) to measure parental behaviour in terms of 'mothering' and 'fathering'. The objective of the study is to investigate the parental attitude towards their autistic child. Data analysis revealed high variation of parental behaviour among mothers and fathers. Variation in parental behaviour is also seen among working and non-working mothers.
Pages: 1001-1004 Riddhita Shah and Kamayani Mathur (Department of Psychology, Philosophy & Education, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad…
Pages: 1005-1011
Samyukta Kumar and Ramya Maheswari, M. (Department of Psychology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

The number of cases of obesity, sleep and stress related disorders in adolescents are on the rise. These problems can be avoided if correct preventive measures are taken. There is limited research conducted in the area of cognitive biases in preventive health actions. Hence, the present study aimed to explore if cognitive biases operate when adolescents try to make decisions with respect to preventive health. Based on the review of literature, cognitive biases namely framing effect, optimism bias, anchoring bias and sunk-cost bias were examined to see if they operate when adolescent's were made to think of their decisions regarding five preventive health actions namely dietary behaviors, physical activity, stress management, sleep patterns and health screening. A questionnaire consisting of hypothetical questions was constructed by overlaying the biases with respect to each of these health behaviors to study if it did impact their decisions. A pilot study was conducted with 20 participants to see if the questionnaire tested what it was intended to test. After making changes based on the feedback received with reference to clarity, this self constructed questionnaire was finally administered to 80 adolescents and the results were analyzed using percentage analysis. Results showed that the biases tested by the questionnaire did impact the decisions made by the adolescents.
Pages: 1005-1011 Samyukta Kumar and Ramya Maheswari, M. (Department of Psychology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai…
Pages: 1012-1015
Vijay Kumar and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was aimed to examine the influence of television on primary school boys in rural and urban areas. The sample for the study was 100 (50rural viewers & 50urban viewers) selected primary school boys of 9 to 12 years of age, which were randomly selected from Bhiwani district of Haryana state. Questionnaire was used for the influence of television on primary school boys in rural and urban area. The data was analyzed by applying frequency, percentages and chi-square. The results showed majority of the respondents were connected to cable in urban area while most of the rural respondent had not cable connection. Majority of the respondents visit friend's house on social occasion that was influenced by T.V. on social aspect of human behavior. It was noticed that rural parents were watching more television as compared to urban parents. Majority of rural respondents do not play the games in comparison to urban respondents. Most of the rural and urban respondents always played more while not watching television, agreed that television viewing never affected their relationship with their friends, always think of television programmes during study time, felt that television viewing as great barrier to pursue their hobbies, realized that cable channel cause culture, moral and ethical invasion. On the other hand most of the students felt that television advertisements create awareness about new product.
Pages: 1012-1015 Vijay Kumar and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University…
Pages: 1016-1022
Pallavi Rajankar and Deepa Bapat (FLAME University, Pune, Maharashtra)

Differing results in the relationship between mastery and psychological well-being between the East and the West have been attributed to differing social values. Ongoing changes in these values however warrant a re-investigation of this relationship, especially in the Indian context. Mastery was measured using the Mirowsky and Ross Sense of Control Index (1991) while psychological well-being was measured using the Trait Affect Scale in a sample of 150 urban Indian youth. A one-way ANOVA revealed individuals with high mastery to have greater psychological well-being than individuals with low mastery, consistent with findings of Western literature. This change in results over time is attributed to changing societal values. Implications of the results for urban Indian millennials are discussed.
Pages: 1016-1022 Pallavi Rajankar and Deepa Bapat (FLAME University, Pune, Maharashtra)
Pages: 1-8
Mithilesh Singh (Department of Psychology, Saltanat Bahadur Post Graduate College, Badlapur, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh)

This study was carried out with the objectives of investigating to (a) psychometric properties of the behavioural measures of Social Support Questionnaire and Quality of Life Assessment Inventory, (ii) factor analysis of the subscale / subfactor measures of the behavioural gamut, and (iii) effects of 'gender' ( men & women) and 'levels of number of available support' (low & high scorers) as well 'gender' (men & women) and 'levels of satisfaction factor of social support' (low & high scorers) on the various measures of quality of life. A total of three hundred and ten (310) HINDU couples served as respondents by purposive sampling technique. The scales employed for data collection were (a) Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ; Sarason et al., 1983) and (b) Quality of Life Assessment Inventory (WHOQOL; Group, 1995) to meet the objectives of the study. Results revealed significant positive relationship between satisfaction factor of social support and quality of life physical comfort, psychological, level of independence, mood and spirituality, however, negative relationship with that of physical discomfort. Findings indicate that satisfaction factor of social support enhances quality of marital life.
Pages: 1-8 Mithilesh Singh (Department of Psychology, Saltanat Bahadur Post Graduate College, Badlapur, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages: 9-11
G. Balaji (University College of Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana)

The present study carried out the objectives was to find out the difference between boys and girls in their study habits, to find out the difference between government and private students in their study habits, to find out the difference between boys and girls in their achievement, to find out the difference between government and private students in their achievement, to find out the relationship between study habits and achievement in secondary level students. For the present study Descriptive survey method was adopted. Stratified Random Sampling Technique was used for the present study. From the study it was revealed that study habits play an important role in the achievement of the students. From the findings, it was revealed that, there is no significant difference between boys and girls, between government and private secondary level students. There is significant difference in achievement in secondary level subjects of boys and girls, private and government school students. There is a relationship between study habits and achievement in secondary level subjects.
Pages: 9-11 G. Balaji (University College of Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana)
Pages: 12-18
Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Haryana)
Manju Rani (Department of Psychology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana)

In the new generation, the Internet has become an important tool for education, entertainment, communication, and information-sharing. In tandem with the indulge in access to the Internet globally, the risk of “internet addiction” is rising as a significant behavioural addiction pandemic. The use of the Internet on school campuses and in society has increased dramatically in recent years. Whereas the academic use of the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research, the Internet has also become an important part of student life. However, from time to time, cases of over involvement with the Internet have been observed on different campuses. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in Healthiness and well-being in rural and urban of school students. A mixed sample of 300 subjects was taken, out of which 150 was of rural and 150 of urban areas. Both group subjects belonged to an age group of 15 to 18 years. Friedman well-being scale, Leddy healthiness scale and internet addiction IAT Young (1998) were used to measure the above variables. The data was analyzed by using t-test. Results revealed that rural school student s are higher on healthiness and well-being than urban students, due to impact of internet addiction on urban students.
Pages: 12-18 Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Haryana) Manju Rani (Department of…
Pages: 19-24
Bhattacharyya A. (Bharathiar University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)
Suresh A. (Defence Institute of Psychological Research (DIPR), DRDO, Delhi)
Selvaraj J.T. (Bharathiar University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

The attempt to successfully manage multiple life domains is viewed as a critical component for employees in today's workforce. Of late researchers have been keen to investigate the personality mechanisms underlying the multi-faceted life balance. This study explored the role of time personality (Polychronicity) and role integration switching between work and non-work domains. Polychronicity is the attitude and preference associated with time use of an individual and it has been identified as an imperative competency in organizing various life domains. The present study explored polychronicity as an individual difference construct along with role integration as psychological predictors of life balance among 104 employees. By using a cross-sectional descriptive design the participants were administered Multitasking Preference Inventory (MPI), Boundary Flexibility Scale, Boundary Permeability Scale, Identity Similarity Scale and The Life Balance Questionnaire. Results revealed that Polychronicity, Work Boundary Flexibility and Non-work Boundary permeability were significantly related to Life Balance. The results of hierarchical regression showed that Polychronicity and Non-work boundary permeability emerged as significant predictors of Life Balance. This study highlights the role of time personality and role integration in balancing work and non-work domains leading to effective functioning and a healthier workplace.
Pages: 19-24 Bhattacharyya A. (Bharathiar University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) Suresh A. (Defence Institute of Psychological Research (DIPR)…
Pages: 25-28
Jaishree Jain and Shivang Shukla (Department of Psychology, SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Religiosity, in its broadest sense is a comprehensive sociological term used to refer to the numerous aspects of religious activity, dedication, and belief (religious doctrine). In its narrowest sense, religiosity deals more with how religious a person is, and less with how a person is religious (in practicing certain rituals, revering certain symbols, or accepting certain doctrines about deities & afterlife). Aaptimism is a disposition or tendency to look on the more favourable side of events or conditions and to expect the most favourable outcome. The belief that good ultimately predominates over e vil in the world. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of religiosity on the optimism level. Accordingly a group of 60 people were selected as a sample, which includes both males and females above age of 20 from school, colleges and bank employees from Jaipur. They belong to both middle and high socioeconomic status. A life orientation test and a attitude towards religion scale were used as a tools. The findings shows that the religious and optimism level are highly positively correlated , which means the optimism level is high in those who score high in religiosity and there is considerable difference between the optimism level of religious and non-religious people.
Pages: 25-28 Jaishree Jain and Shivang Shukla (Department of Psychology, SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Pages: 29-32
Rajani Ramesh Senad (Dr. Sow. I.B.P. Mahila College, Samarthnagar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra)

The present investigation is to find out the Mental health of deprived and Non-deprived adolescents in relation to their gender boys (Male) and girls (Females). The sample consisted of 200 Adolescents with Age between 16-18 years. Out of which 100 deprived adolescents (50 Male & 50 Females) and 100 Non deprived (50 Male & 50 Female) adolescents. For this purpose of investigation prolonged Deprivation scale by Girishwar Mishra, Tripathi, and Mental Helath Battery by Singh and Gupta was used. The obtained data were analyzed through 'f' test to know the Mean difference between deprived and Non-deprived adolescents in relation to their gender. The result show that there is significant difference in Mental health of deprived and Non deprived adolescents. It means that the Non deprived adolescents are better on Mental health than deprived adolescents. Gender role is important in this investigation. The adolescent boys are significantly better on mental health than the adolescent girls.
Pages: 29-32 Rajani Ramesh Senad (Dr. Sow. I.B.P. Mahila College, Samarthnagar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra)
Pages: 33-37
Praful Prabhuappa Kapse (RINPAS, Ranchi and Mental Health Specialist Tata Trusts, Mumbai, Maharashtra)
Manisha Kiran (Department of Psychiatric Social Work Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Caring for the persons with first episode psychosis is challenging and demanding. It may lead to the increased burden, expressed emotions among the caregivers. The numerous studies have shown that high burden and negative expressed emotions among caregivers can lead to early relapse in the patients with first episode psychosis. To evaluate the effects of the brief psychoeducation on the caregivers burden and expressed emotions. A quasi experimental - before and after with control group research design was adopted for the study. A total of 60 caregivers have participated in the study, of which 30 caregivers in experimental group and 30 caregivers in the control group. Family Burden Interview Schedule (Pai & Kapoor, 1981) and Attitude Questionnaire (Sethi et al., 1981) was used to assess caregiver's burden and expressed emotions. At end of the psychoeducation intervention, burden among caregivers and negative expressed emotions of the caregivers have significantly reduced. The positive expressed emotions have been increased. Study results demonstrates the importance of psychoeducation intervention in reducing the burden and negative expressed emotions.
Pages: 33-37 Praful Prabhuappa Kapse (RINPAS, Ranchi and Mental Health Specialist Tata Trusts, Mumbai, Maharashtra) Manisha Kiran…
Pages: 38-42
Daneshwari Onkari and Sunanda Itagi (Department of Human Development, College of Rural Home Science University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka)

A study on occupational stress of women police was carried out in the year 2014-15 in Dharwad taluk, Karnataka state with the objectives to assess the occupational stress of women police and to know the relation between selected demographic variables with occupational stress of police. A total of 60 police belonging to 21-60 years age group were randomly selected from 22 police stations of Dharwad taluk. The occupational stress was assessed using occupational stress scale developed by Srivastav and Sing (1984) socio economic status was assessed using socio-economic status scale developed by Agarwal et al. (2005) and self structured questionnaire were used to collect information. The data was collected through questionnaire method along with personal interview of the respondents. The results revealed that 60.00 per cent of women police had moderate level of occupational stress while 36.67 per cent had high and only 3.33 per cent had low level. Occupational stress was significantly and positive related to duty period and distance from residence pointing out that higher the duty period and greater the distance from residence higher was the occupational stress. There was significant and negative relationship between family size and occupational stress indicating that increase in family size decreased the stress. There was no significant relationship between age, education, marital status, work experience, opinion about work, socio economic status and occupational stress.
Pages: 38-42 Daneshwari Onkari and Sunanda Itagi (Department of Human Development, College of Rural Home Science…
Pages: 43-49
Kehksha and Deoshree Akhouri (Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

To examine the impact of parent-child relationship on educational aspiration and self-esteem of adolescence boys and girls and compare them on respective variables. Sample of the present study was 200 intermediate students (100 boys & 100 girls) from Aligarh that were selected randomly. Data was collected by administration of Educational Aspiration Scale, Parent Child Relationship Scale (PCRS) and Rosenberg Self-esteem scale. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 17.0. In present study significant difference was found between girls and boys on all the dimensions of PCR i.e., protecting, symbolic, punishment, rejecting, demanding, indifferent, symbolic reward, loving, object reward, and neglecting as well as self-esteem and educational aspiration. It was also found that smooth relationship with parents Influenced adolescents' educational aspiration and self-esteem positively and vice versa. It is concluded that smooth relationship between parents and children plays significant role in establishing high educational aspiration and high self-esteem. The majority of those adolescents (both boys & girls) who share a smooth relationship with their parents have higher educational aspiration and higher self-esteem than those adolescents who do not have such relationship.
Pages: 43-49 Kehksha and Deoshree Akhouri (Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim…
Pages: 50-52
Indu (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

This study was carried out to investigate the usages and purpose of social networking sites especially Facebook and What's app among the post graduate students who are using smart phones, of Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak. In the context of today's electronic media, social networking sites have come to mean individuals, using the Internet and web application to communicate. The objectives of the study were to find out the usages purpose, spending hours, how many students have account on Facebook and on what's app, and what students think about the usefulness of the social media in education. The study adopted the survey research design which was conducted on a sample size of 80 post graduate students. The sample was selected via simple random sampling technique. With the help of questionnaire the data were collected. The respondents completed and returned the questionnaire. The response rate was 100%. Percentage analysis was used to analyse and interpret the data. The result of the study reveals that almost every (75/80 on Facebook) (79/80 0n what's app) have account on social sites. Students spend most of the time using these sites. The purposes of using are collecting information and news, for passing the time, for finding friends, for chat, for gather the likes and comments, and for all the purposes above. Many students were agreed that facebook and what's app help in study. Less students did not agree with the statement. With many benefits social networking sites have dangers also. Awareness programme should be conducted by the university to teach the students negative aspects of facebook and what's app and as well as the positive sides also.
Pages: 50-52 Indu (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)
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