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Pages: 160-164
Shazia Manzoor and Masarat Ali (Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir)

Disasters have devastating short and long term psychological, social, economical, developmental, ecological and political impact. Developing countries are more vulnerable to the impact of disasters because of poverty, meager resources, illiteracy, poor infrastructure, lack of trained manpower and poor knowledge of disaster mental health. The people of Jammu and Kashmir in September 2014 witnessed one of the most devastating catastrophes in the history of the state. The destruction around has left the entire society traumatized which undoubtedly increased mental health problems in a significant proportion of those directly affected. In response to traumatized event(s) individuals tend to display various emotional and social instabilities in the form of wide range of emotional and behavioral symptoms including anxiety, irritability, and aggression, hopelessness suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, flash back of stressful event etc. Research evidence of National and international level regarding psychological consequences of disasters has also found the same. Keeping in view the importance of mental health care for disaster affected population, the present study was carried out with the objective to analyse psychological impact of disasters. Using a multi pronged approach this paper further highlighted how family, community, social workers and mental health professionals can play key role in preventing people from carrying the burden of poor mental health throughout their life.
Pages: 165-170
Soorya Sunil (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)
Sunil Kumar Verma (Department of Applied Psychology Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)
Sunil Kumar Verma (Department of Applied Psychology Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)

Parental socialization is one of the remarkable ways in which children begin to learn about right and wrong. Drawing on the relevant theoretical and empirical literature we look at the ways in which parent inculcate moral values in children. In particular, the study explores the parental practices and the characteristics of the parent-child relationship that shapes the moral affect, behaviour and cognition in children. The article reviews some key investigations in the area of moral socialization and highlights some important yet overlooked or understudied aspects of parental moral socialization that requires scholarly attention.
Pages: 171-175
Mahima Sahi and Geeta Bhagat (Department of Psychology, MCM DAV, Chandigarh)

Media plays a crucial role in shaping the attitudes of a society. Newspapers, social networking sites, television, radio and particularly 'cinema' are significant in developing our understanding of interpersonal relationships, social interactions, cultural diversity and distribution of gender based roles in the society. Media also helps in educating the masses about both behavioral excesses and deficits prevailing in the society, i.e., cultural/social/psychological anomalies. Since 'cinema' is one of the most important audio-visual aids to educate people about issues of critical importance, the current investigation aims to study how 'Indian cinema' (Bollywood) plays an essential role in shaping the perception of people towards various psychopathologies. As per the literary review, there has been a considerable change between early and recent cinematography of psychopathology, but there still lies disparity between reel life and real life psychopathology. Therefore, firstly, the paper attempts to provide a baseline understanding of 'media depiction of the mental health system' by reviewing existing literature. Secondly, it attempts to classify Hindi movies depicting mental/behavioral anomalies, into 3 broad categories, i.e., Dissociative Disorders, Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders and Disorders usually first diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence. Thirdly, it attempts to draw a parallel between the reel life and real life psychopathological symptoms, causes, treatment approaches taking case examples from various Hindi movies. Lastly, the paper suggests how this disparity between real and reel life depiction of psychopathologies can influence the attitudes of the general population about existing mental health understanding.
Pages: 176-179
Ishaq Ahmad Dar (Mittal School of Business, Lovely Professional University, Punjab)
Reena Lakha (University School of Management Studies, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, Punjab)

The digital revolution has impacted both consumers as well as businesses. Over the past decade technology and the form, it is used has changed drastically. Earlier, the Internet was purely a source of information but now has become a place where people meet to share their experiences and stories, a platform for discussion and debate, a source of entertainment and much more. Social networking has influenced the way of using internet further, it has become a medium to reach general masses. Businesses are in rush to take advantages of increasing internet usage, hence given rise to digital marketing. Strategists are no longer confined to traditional modes of marketing, internet has been proven a superior medium, courtesy to, speed and mass coverage to reach targeted population. India being an emerging economy and a largest market has huge potential to take advantages of fastest growing digital marketing industry. This study will overview the scope and potential of digital marketing in Indian market. The study will be using theoretical approach by reviewing all the relevant literature on digital marketing in Indian context. A theoretical structural will be provided to be further tested empirically by other studies.
Pages: 180-185
Archana Shukla (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)
Deepti Mehrotra (School Counselor, City Montessori School, Gomti Nagar Campus I, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study endeavors to cast a glance on the relational world of 50 transgender (aged between 20-35 years) purposively selected from the city of Lucknow. To assess the relational world of transgender Draw a person test (Goodenough, 1926) is used. Results depicted that their perception of self is at jeopardy. As they seemed to be seriously threatened in many aspects like health problems, abused physically and mentally, social stigma and discrimination. Findings directly indicating withdrawal, and feeling of worthlessness self absorption, not interested in perceiving their environment, psychosexual immaturity, aggressive behavior, difficulties in the communication has emerged as dominating features in their responses.
Pages: 186-192
दलीप कुमार (सहायक प्राध्यापक-इतिहास, एकलव्य विद्यापीठ महाविद्यालय, भादरा, हनुमानगढ, राजस्थान )

‘‘हिसार’’ अरबी भाषा का शब्द है; जिसका अर्थ है ‘किला’ जिस शहर को आज हिसार के नाम से जानते है, उसका वास्तविक नाम ‘हिसार-ए-फ़िरोज़ा’ अर्थात फ़िरोज़ का किला हिसार को फ़िरोज़शाह ने 1354 ई॰ में बसाया था।1 हिसार उत्तरी भारत का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान है। यह 290 5‘5’’ उत्तरी अक्षांश 750 45‘5’’ पूर्वी अक्षांश के बीच स्थित है।2 हिसार शहर जिले का मुख्यालय है। यह राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग नं0 10 पर देहली के पश्चिम में 172 किलोमीटर की दूरी पर स्थित है तथा देहली से रेल मार्ग से भी जुड़ा हुआ है। हिसार हरियाणा का एक प्रमुख शहर है जिसकी कुल संख्या सन् 2001 में 263186 तथा क्षेत्रफल वर्ष 2001 में 49.43 वर्ग किलोमीटर था। यहाँ पर सैनिक छावनी, तथा सीमा सुरक्षा बल का मुख्यालय भी है।3 हिसार शिक्षा की दृष्टि से हरियाणा प्रान्त में एक प्रमुख शिक्षा केन्द्र के रूप में उभरा है। यहाँ हरियाणा कृषि विश्वविद्यालय व गुरू जम्भेश्वर विश्वविद्यालय है। कृषि विश्वविद्यालय के साथ 2000 एकड़ का एक कृषि फाॅर्म जुड़ा है। हिसार में मेजर लिविंगस्टोन द्वारा सन् 1815 में निजी ऊँट व घोड़ा प्रजनन व प्रशिक्षण केन्द्र की स्थापना की। लेकिन 1883 में ब्रिटिश सरकार द्वारा इसका प्रबन्ध व नियन्त्रण अपने हाथों में लिया गया। 1912 में इसको पंजाब सरकार के अधीन कर दिया गया।4 स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्ति के बाद 1966 में हरियाणा अलग बनने पर हरियाणा सरकार के अधीन आ गया। 20वीं शताब्दी के अन्त तक हिसार में शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में काफी उन्नति की।
Pages: 193-196
सुरेश कुमार (एम.ए., इतिहास, NET, हरियाणा)
प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध के बाद जापान भारतीय क्रांतिकारियों का शरणस्थली बन चुका था, रासबिहारी बोस ने अपने अथक प्रयासों से अब तक जापानी विदेश नीति के हाशिये पर चल रहे भारत व भारत के हितों को इसके केंद्र में लाने में सहायता की। ब्रिटेन के मलय अभियान के दौरान बड़ी संख्या में भारतीय जवान मलय प्रायद्वीप व सिंगापुर में तैनात किए गए। सिंगापुर की लड़ाई में ब्रितानी सेना की पराजय के उपरांत भारी संख्या में सैन्य आत्मसमर्पण हुआ, लगभग 45000 भारतीय जवान जापान के युद्धबंदी हो गए। ज्ञानी प्रीतम सिंह और जापानी खुफिया अधिकारी फुजीवारा ने पंजाब रेजीमेंट के कप्तान मोहन सिंह को मित्रवत् व्यवहार करने का वचन दिया और उन्हें देश की स्वतंत्रता हेतु कार्य करने के लिए मना लिया। मोहन सिंह की अगुआई में प्रथम आजाद हिन्द सेना का गठन किया गया जो आगे चलकर नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस के नेतृत्व में भारत की आजादी के लिए लड़ी। जापान प्रारम्भ से ही भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम का समर्थक रहा है और इस देश ने भारतीय क्रांतिकारियों को हर संभव सहायता प्रदान करने का प्रयत्न किया है। जापान की भूमि से हमारे क्रांतिकारियों ने देश की महती सेवा की है।
Pages: 197-200
Indu (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Media became integral part of our daily life. we consume media for the purpose of entertainment, education etc. Not only children but all age groups connected with media. Almost everyone has account on Facebook, What's app, E-mail, Instagram, Snap chat, etc. Since the early 19th century researches have been accumulating and suggest that exposure to media violence in television, cell phone, video game, internet, movies, serials, increase the risk of violent behaviour. In current review, literature and psychological studies critically assessed to know, why exposure to violent media effects viewer's behaviour negatively. James Potter explains, “Even we were to lock all of today's criminals, media are still helping to train another generation to believe that the violence is the only successful way to solve problems”. Behind crime there are many factors like poverty, racial inequality, parental neglect and abuse and aggression. Aggression is directly associated with consuming aggressive/violent media. So the media also play important role in criminal activities also. I examined many studies which focused on the relationship between the effect of violent media on aggressive behaviour. Previous findings indicate that there is a positive relationship between exposure of media violence and aggressive behaviour. Exposure of violent media work as instigation or model for real life violence. What is media violence? Most researcher define media violence as visual portrayals of acts of physical or nonphysical (verbally abuse someone, spreading harmful rumours) by one human and human like character against another. Reasons behind it are, 1st observational learning (we learn by observing others act & the consequences of that act or we can say immediate mimicry of specific behaviour) 2nd is that exposure to media violence can desensitize people to violence in the real world. And 3rd is arousal processes (Physiological, activation of fight & flight system that is sympathetic nervous system & psychological arousal is emotional activation). In 21st century mass media widely effect the daily lives. Radio, television, videos, cell phone, video game, computer networks playing important role in the children's and youth's life. If people specially children and youth continuously consume violent media they may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others, they may become fearful of the world around them, they may be more likely to behave in aggressive and harmful ways toward others. For avoiding the negative impacts of violent media seminar, conferences, workshop should be held to spread awareness. Explain consequences and teach the children as well as other age group conflict resolution (how to use word correctly, don't harm others).
Pages: 558-562
Pramthesh Pandey (Department of Psychology, MDPG College, Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh)
Rashmi Kumar (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Different kinds of emotions experienced and causes attributed by participants in the various conditions of Relative Deprivation such as Egoistic Relative deprivation, Fraternalistic Relative Deprivation and Double relative Deprivation was investigated in this study on 53 students in the age range of 17 to 21 who were selected randomly as the sample. Actions taken after feeling relatively deprived were also seen. Condition of ERD, FRD, and DRD was created experimentally by the researcher with the help of instruction, allocation of marks and justifications given to the participants. In order to determine the attributions made and emotions felt during these condition of RD, Likert's five point scale measuring eight emotions- anger, sadness, anxiety, jealousy, discontent, shame, proud and happiness and seven attributions ability, performance, task difficulty, source, luck, chance and sex discrimination was used. In the results it was found that Anger, sadness, discontent and shame was more prominent in DRD in comparison to other two forms of RD and proud and happiness was more in FRD. Participants considered ability and performance responsible for their deprivation more in the case of FRD and Sex discrimination was attributed more in the condition of DRD. Individual Protest was the significant action taken by the participants and it was more prominent in DRD in comparison to other forms.
Pages: 563-567
L. N. Bunker and Huma Sheikh (Department of Psychology, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)

Psychological-Wellbeing is a combination of positive development and life-Satisfaction. Positive psychological well-being is not only important for leading happy life but also draws positive impact on person's academic and his personal life achievements. One of the stages in life is the young adulthood, everybody expected to adults they have to try maintaining equilibrium in their responsibilities. Psychological well-being and life-Satisfaction both are cognitive and affective elements, which can be key to one's life and its play in important role in how to live with positive perspective, significant interaction with others, learn to good adaptation, deal with problems etc. Psychological well-being is dynamic concept and life-Satisfaction is multidimensional concept and both are related and includes subjective, social, psychological and social behaviors, That's the reason we focused both dimension/ components. The present investigation was designed to study psychological well-being and life-Satisfaction among young adults with regards to gender and educational sector (government & private). For this purpose a sample of 120 young adults were selected using incidental purposive sampling method among which 60 adults were from government college/universities and 60 adults from private college /universities of district jodhpur. In each group 30 were males and 30 were females, age group of adults -21 years to above. Psychological-Wellbeing was measured using Ryff's psychological well-being scale developed by Carol Ryff and life-Satisfaction was measured using satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) developed by Diener, Robert Emmons, Randy Larson and Sharon Griffin. Findings of the study reveal that no significant difference was found on the measures of Psychological Well-being among male and Females adults. On the measure of life-Satisfaction of male adults were found more satisfied with life. Results of comparison of government and private college/university adults reveals that no significant difference was observed on psychological well-being and life-Satisfaction among government and private college/universities adults.
Pages: 568-573
Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand, University Rohtak, Haryana)
Manju Rani (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Today it no longer affects only small societies, such as isolated third world countries who fell victim to regular terrorist attacks. Terrorism creates a psychological state of extreme fear and anxiety same as the proportion to the physical damage it causes in terms of loss of life and property. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in healthiness, personality and life satisfaction in students of Haryana and Kashmir. A mixed sample of 200 subjects was taken, out of which 100 was of Kashmir, and 100 was from Haryana. Subjects belonged to an age group of 17 to 25 years. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), Leddy Healthiness Scale (Leddy, 1996) and Satisfaction with life scale (Diener, 1985) were used to measure the above variables. The data was analyzed by using t-test. Results revealed that Haryana students had higher healthiness, wellbeing and life satisfaction than Kashmir students.
Pages: 574-580
Priyaranjan Maral and Vipul Kumar (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study aims at understanding the role of family structure and decision-making power among working and non-working women. In addition, to investigate the autonomy of women in decision-making among working and non-working women under a different family structure like nuclear and joint family. Total 272 urban married working and non-working women (144 nuclear & 128 joint) families were taken from Allahabad city. The mean age of participants was 35.94 years. All urban married working women and non-working women have at least one child and living with her husband/family. A questionnaire was used; each question has three responses- Self, Husband, and Joint with the Husband. The results showed there were significant differences in decision-making about household and social issues among working and non-working women. In a nuclear family, the involvement of non-working and working women was higher in comparison to the joint family. In both nuclear and joint family, non-working women faced more interference of family members in decision making. The result also revealed that the decision-making power of non-working women is higher in personal and social issues in a joint family but they preferred joint decision frequently. The results also highlight that working women involved in decision-making process more in comparison to the non-working women in the nuclear family and also preferred joint decisions. In addition to, the participation of working women in each issue was a self as well as the joint was higher in comparison to the non-working women. There is still a need to enhance women's sovereignty and their role in decision making at household and job level in the Indian context.
Pages: 581-587
K. P. Naachimuthu, S. Bhuvaneshwari, and Geo Sebastian (Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

An ecosystem is a natural system consisting of all plants, animals (including human), and microorganisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all the non- living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment (Christopherson, 1997). The human population, which has seemingly outbalanced the overall living number on earth, uses/exploits nature to a great extent. Human habits have become unsustainable; touched the boundaries of natural tolerance. Ecologically literate society is a sustainable society which does not destroy the natural environment on which they depend. Being an Eco-literate not only is limited to knowing about one’s environment, but also to use the knowledge to live a sustainable living leads ultimately to a sustainable environment. To develop a scale to measure the concept like eco-literacy, an attempt was made and an Eco-Literacy scale that was developed, and validated (Bhuvaneshwari & Naachimuthu, 2016). This first version of the scale is revised with a new dimension of gratitude. The overall reliability of the PSG Eco Literacy scale (revised) is 0.793; test Re-test reliability score for PSG Eco Literacy scale (Revised) is 0.751; Split-half reliability score for PSG Eco Literacy scale (Revised) is 0.882. The new dimension “Gratitude” added to the PSG Eco-Literacy Scale (Revised) increased the reliability value significantly compared to the previous version i.e. 0.62 to 0.75.
Pages: 588-593
Madhavi Menon (Department of Psychology and Neuroscience College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL)

The present review focuses on the environmental influences on childhood language acquisition with a particular emphasis on the exploration of possible gender differences and subsequent cognitive performance. The reviewed research suggests that sub-optimal rearing environments could negatively affect language development. Additionally, the literature in the domain of language development in children points to a moderational role played by the environment as well as gender in children's acquisition of language. This review also evaluates the later developmental effects of early language acquisition with particular emphasis on later intelligence scores, reading comprehension, and school achievement.
Pages: 594-597
Jesline Maria Martin Mamen (Department of Psychology, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala)

Work can give an individual purpose and motivation in life. But for many people, the workplace is a highly stressful environment and this means it can be a damaging place for their mental health. The importance of psychological well-being at workplace has grown over the last two or three decades as there has been a shift from physical to psychological sources of pressure at work. An economy in a downward spiral, rising unemployment, anxieties about future job loss, lack of access to affordable health care, a crisis in the financial industry and declining consumer confidence are among some of the challenges creating significant stress in the lives of workers and their families. Much can be done to improve and sustain psychological well-being at work and there are many possible approaches that can be taken. Usually, employer action in this domain has focused on supporting individuals to cope better or to return to health/work when they have suffered a health problem. While these interventions are undoubtedly important, they do not change the working environment (create 'good work'/remove 'bad work') and are largely focused on reducing the ill-health of a subgroup within the workforce, rather than improving the psychological well-being of everyone in the organization. Positive workplace fosters employee health and psychological well-being while enhancing organizational performance and productivity. It is the purpose of this paper to explore 1) the conceptual framework and characteristics of positive workplace 2) Positive approaches to the workplace (PERMA Model, Performance-Happiness Model, Strengths-Based Approach, Positive Psychological capital, Positive Organizational Scholarship, Appreciative Inquiry, Positive Organizational Behavior and Positive Leadership) 3) Ways to create a positive workplace 4) Benefits of a positive workplace.
Pages: 598-602
Moitrayee Das (Department of Management and Labour Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Perhaps the reason why people have been overlooked or understudied in the area of organizational agility is because new organizational forms and relationships defy descriptions with traditional words, phrases and concepts. While they are still useful, they may not always fit with contemporary organizational developments. The importance of organizational agility is understood in today's fierce, competitive and fast changing markets and there is no option for the organizations but to adapt to changes and be the best in the market if they aim to be at the top of their game. This paper discusses about agility and the important factors associated with it along with the importance of having agile workplaces and leaders.
Pages: 603-605
Mohammad Ataei and Younes Mohammadzadeh (Department of Physical Education and sports sciences, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The Iranian perspective document, which runs until the fifth program And the horizon of the development of Iran until the year 1404 is Solar, is one of the most important documents and programs that follow the main lines and the course of the country's journey with specific goals, political, economic and cultural. In this paper, the most important question is that what are the main pivotal values and the prospects for sports development in the Strategic Plans of the Ministry of Sports and Youth on the basis of the Perspective of Iran 1404? The author believes in his hypothesis: In the field of sport, the most important areas of the Ministry of Sports and Youth are: Identification and establishment of the value engineering system in the governing bodies of the country's sport, explaining and setting the ethics of the country's sports community within the framework of Islamic discourse and strengthening moral virtues, morale Faith, self-sacrifice and hope for the future. In the youth field: solving the problems of young people and promoting the growth of the young generation of the country along with the optimal use of the talents and abilities of the young generation along with organizing the leisure activities of the younger generation in accordance with the requirements of the young age in order to build the country and eliminate the cultural and social deprivation of youth in the regions. Urban and rural is one of the most important axes of Iran in 1404.
Pages: 606-610
Anu Verma Puri (Department of Public Administration, DAV College, Chandigarh)

In today's world, the word “smart” is the buzz word which attracts the attention of every one of all generations and ages. But are we aware of the term and the inherent features of a “Smart City” in the real sense. The perception of the concept of a smart city varies from person to person, city to city, country to country (developed/developing/under-developed) taking into consideration the requirements of the area/region, the necessary change/development to be done, financial position of the country/state/city and the resources available. Thus, the degree of smartness varies accordingly. The urban planners adopted a comprehensive approach of development represented by the four pillars covering-institutional, physical, social and economic infrastructure. In general, the various features of a smart city should incorporate the following: welcoming entry to a city with a master plan displayed, well planned infrastructure providing connectivity of all major areas including effective Public transportation system, proper sewerage and drainage system, smart garbage disposal, adequate health, education and employment, adequate housing, less congestion and pollution, sufficient open spaces such as parks, playgrounds and recreational spaces, digitalization of all services to make administration citizen-friendly, speedy services with proper feedback system, efficient disaster management, Cleanliness and hygiene, emergency services like ambulance, fire brigades etc, adequate water and power supply, safety and security, proper signage boards and so on. Whether rich or poor, young or old, rural or urban or belonging to any religion, the need for growth and development is the ambition of all. Everyone desires to live a quality life with access to all basic amenities-Food, clothing and shelter. But with the changing times, the needs are growing and expanding at a fast rate to face the challenges and issues of the modern world. Though the word “smart” is not a new concept, but to match the modern life style in relation to the available resources, needs and a vision to develop, the dimensions of smartness are extending to new heights.
Pages: 611-613
Sarika Boora (Department of Psychology, GD Goenka University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

Insomnia is a condition wherein a person has problems regarding his/her patterns of sleep. Falling asleep, being unable to remain asleep are examples of disrupted sleep patterns. Some insomniacs have trouble falling asleep and remaining asleep. The subject must also suffer some degree of impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of daytime functioning such as “tiredness, lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, and irritability”. In this study we have assessed the general health among insomniacs. For this we took a sample of 200 people, 100 control group and 100 insomniacs and applied GHQ-12 to assess general health. The result shows that Insomnia had a significant effect on General Health. Health and insomnia are often linked. Lack of sleep often ends up making people feel exhausted and fatigued and, as a result of chronic exhaustion or fatigue, people start slipping into unhealthy patterns of living. Therefore, both general health and insomnia seem to work together and take a huge physical and psychological toll on people going through these conditions. Compared with 'good sleepers', 'poor sleepers' had lower health in all domains.
Pages: 614-618
Shivani Singh (Department of Geography, Post Graduate Govt. College, Sector-11, Chandigarh)

Rural industry has suffered a tremendous setback in the post Independence period to changed fiscal scenario in villages and small township spatial entities. Reforms like demonetization and various economic schemes percolating to the village level have made specific impact on the lives of rural populations as compared to urban. The women have been made to bear the worst of the brunt because they have already been burdened by the lee-ward shadow of illiteracy, unequal wages, unwanted, undesirable reproductiveity and further the bane of invisibility. This paper looks at the choices available to rural women of Bijnor district by conducting a survey of 100 village women to obtain their views on the changed fiscal scenario in the past one year. The methodology was of empirical quasi-participant research and the basic statistical tools of analysis were applied to arrive at the conclusions presented.
Pages: 619-621
M.R. Banahatti, Netravati Barker, and Rashmi Appannavar (Department of Psychology, KLEs Lingaraj College, Belagavi, Karnataka)

Sport belongs to all human beings. It is unique to the human species. Like humans, other animals engage in play. But only the human species takes part in sport. We are the only ones on earth who set up barriers and try to jump over them to see who can get to the finish line first. We are the only ones who compete for the absolute satisfaction of winning. It has been a long road to equality for women at the Olympic Games, and it is still continuing. Aside from the digital revolution, the rapid rise in the importance and value of female athletes has been one of the most distinctive shifts in the sports marketing landscape in the last 50 years. We now see the young women growing up with a much higher chance of developing an interest in sport, and female sporting celebrities providing role models who are closing the gap with non-sport celebrities and their male counterparts. This paper presents an overview of three topics related to gender equity and sports. These topics include (1) history of gender equity in sports, (2) gender equity issues in athletics; (3) gender equity in sports participation.
Pages: 622-625
Manoj Kumar (Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Agricultural economy of Haryana has undergone significant transformation since 1990s which is quite evident from diversification of crops and pursuance of new agricultural activities. Poultry eggs and meat are critical well springs of brilliant proteins minerals and vitamins to adjust the human eating routine. Uniquely created types of egg sort chicken are currently accessible with qualities of fast development and rapid change effectiveness. Contingent upon the homestead measure, layer (for egg) cultivating can be fundamental wellspring of family salary or can give auxiliary wage and profitable job to rancher consistently. Also, poultry compost has high manure esteem and can be utilized for expanding yield of all harvests (National Agribusiness & Provincial Improvement, 2007). In the present study an attempt has been made to analyses the socio-economic attributes of layer farmers in Haryana state. The study in light of essential information and the information was gathered amid the period from June to September from 2016. In this study there are a few elements like: rank, Education, responsibility for and dispersion of homesteads and so forth to speak to financial traits of layer cultivating. Landownership holding size of agribusiness is a noteworthy considers choosing the measure of the layer develops similarly as secured locale. The share of upper rank among proprietors of layer estate is 63 percent. It is clear from the study that a large portion of the layer ranchers have a place with little and medium agriculturists. The study found that there is an interrelationship between the instruction and poultry business that is the reason with advanced education foundation agriculturists began and extended the layer ranches. The upper station agriculturists are in charge of beginning, most recent two decade out of aggregate ranches upper standing are in charge of building up amid about 85 percent ranches 1996 to 2016.
Pages: 626-628
Suyash Anand (Department of Geography, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan)

Rajasthan which is ecologically a fragile, dry land state with many problems facing its development. In fact there is a very thin line between 'environment' and 'development'. Therefore, it is important that for sustainable development and restoration of ecological balance, all policies of the agriculture sector must be critically examined from the view of their ecological long term impact. Many such policies run contrary to the 'development' goals and affect ecosystems due to unsustainable interventions.
Pages: 629-638
Rajni Lamba (Rural Environmental Enterprises Development Society, Punjab)

Empowerment is the catchword of development pundits the world over. This is especially so in the context of uplifting the socio-economic levels of the women of marginalized sections of northern India. The work participation of women is generally a very ignored and invisible port of the country's economy even though in a real time analysis it may well form its backbone. Many of the initiatives taken up to ameliorate the lot of the women have failed because these women had no share in the fruits of their labour. They hardly ever had any money in their hands. They had no purchasing power and virtually no decision making power either. The financial inclusion initiatives like Self Help Groups (SHGs) and micro Finance Institution (MFIs) through apex agencies like NABARD were provided to include these persons at the bottom of the development pyramid and consequently had far reaching implications. The author examines the genesis of these financial inclusion overtures to ascertain the actual gains made at the ground level not only in terms of economic empowerment of these rural women but also the incremental gains attained in improving their overall social status. This paper is being presented as a part of a forthcoming comprehensive book on the subject of Self Help Groups in North India.
Pages: 639-644
Fatemeh Moradi and Neelkanth Bankar (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra )

Suicide is one of the growing and problematic mental health issues. It is a result of a completely multi factorial phenomenon, such as clinical, social, and economic, etc... Mental sickness stands an undeniable vulnerability factor for suicide worldwide as well as in Asia. India is one of the major contributors to mortality due to suicide in world. This study intended to review suicide and one of its major risk factor mental illness, it demonstrate the epidemiology, trend and scenario of suicide in India. the literature databases used for this study including some data sets as, suicides due to mental illness in India reported by government of India from 1967 to 2014 and second from same resource but from 1995 to 2014. The third data set is including other research studies pertaining to Suicide and Mental Illness in India, which were surveyed through electronic sources: PubMed, National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Accidental Death and Suicide in India (ADSI), NAMI, World Health Organization (WHO), EBSCO, J-store, and NCBI, US National Library of Medicine were searched. Suicide in India has an increasing trend, particularly among women, young, married and uneducated people. Mental illness plays a crucial role in resulting suicide, which could be a result of psycho-social phenomenon, for instance low socioeconomic, gender dominance and challenging priorities factors. The findings of this review stress the necessitate for further studies to identify population at high risk for suicide and mental illness as the first step towards development and to reduce the suicide rate and promote well being. Clearly need to take the contextual issues of socioeconomic, psychological, and facilities into account for developing country. These evidences could be valuable for future research, policy making, and treatment determinations targeted at understanding and preventing suicide.
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