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Pages: 1887-1890
Kanika Garg, Alka Wadhwa, and Arun Jindal (Department of Management Studies, Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Samalkha, Panipat, Haryana)

The Purpose of the study is to understand the consumer preference towards online shopping apps Amazon and Flip-kart. Internet became more powerful and basic tool for every person's need and the way people work. Despite the explosive growth of electronic commerce and the rapidly increasing number of consumers who use interactive media such as the world wide web for prepurchase information search and online shopping, very little is known about how consumers make purchase decisions in such set things. The objective of the study is to compare the existing consumer buying behavior, preferences and purchase decisions using different online shopping apps i.e. Amazon and Flip-kart. In order to attain the objective 125 respondents are selected out of which 100 respondents fill the questionnaire and are chosen for further study in the research. Most of the respondents are satisfied with highly ranking on easy findings of products, convenience and offers/discounted prices. Our findings suggest that interactive decision aids have the potential to drastically transform the way in which consumers search for product information and make purchase decision.
Pages: 1499-1503
Shraddha Sharma (Department of Psychology, SNDT, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Present study was conducted to study the effects of vipassana meditation on general health of subjects. It was hypothesized that vipassana meditation would have significant effect on general health and its dimensions. The general health of subjects included somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression. Initially 124 subjects were contacted and among them 20 participated in final sample. For control group, 20 subjects were randomly selected. All subjects were in the age range of 30-38. General Health of the subjects was measured with the help of General Health Questionnaire-28 (Goldberg, 1978). t test was applied to test the significance difference between pre and post scores of both the groups. It was found in result that Practice of vipassana meditation is effective in reducing somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, social dysfunction and depression. It improves the overall general health of the subjects.
Pages: 1504-1507
Anjana Devi and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Adolescence is a very critical age because youngsters face numerous kinds of problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, anger at this stage and are more susceptible to develop many kinds of unhealthy habits and coping styles that interrupt their adult life. These problems can be handled with the proper support and healthy relationships that make a child strong enough to tolerate anxiety and emotional problems of life. The present study is done to find out the effect of emotional maturity on anxiety in school students. The study was conducted on a sample of 600 school students (300 boys & 300 girls). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) developed by Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, and Jacobs (1983 ) and Emotional maturity scale (EMS) developed by Singh and Bhargava (1999) were used as tools for the present study. For the analysis of data, correlation, descriptive statistics and t-test were used in this study. Results showed that there is significant correlation between emotional maturity and anxiety.
Pages: 1508-1515
N. Sankara Nayagam and B. Revathy (Department of Commerce, Manomaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu)

The women entrepreneurship is seen as an effective strategy to solve the problems of rural poverty as well as urban development. It promotes the quality of life by motivating female human potential. The present study, is a pioneering attempt to study the motivating factors for starting the enterprises by women entrepreneurs through an exploratory research. A structured interview schedule is used to elicit the profile and motivating factors of the women entrepreneurs. This is an analytical study of the motivating factors for starting the enterprises as a tool to develop entrepreneurship among women. This study requires both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through structured interview schedule, the women entrepreneurs formed the main source of data. The secondary data were collected from various published sources like DRDA and journals like Kurukshetra, Yojana, Kisan World. The study has used Convenience Sampling method. Tirunelveli district has been chosen as the main area of study, as the researcher is a native of the district. The sample respondents for the study were 300 women entrepreneurs in Tirunelveli district. While concluding, it is suggested that the development of entrepreneurial talent is important for sustaining a competitive advantage in the global economy. Enhancing the level of entrepreneurial traits could enlarge the number of potential and actual entrepreneurs who in turn could generate more employment and create national wealth. The suggestion may, be carried out for motivating the members of self help group to become entrepreneurs who can help in building a self-sufficient country by contributing their efforts to the Indian economy as a whole. Entrepreneurs are the back bone for the growth of the country.
Pages: 1516-1519
Umed Singh and Dheeraj Kaushik (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The present study was mainly designed to study academic achievement of science and commerce students in relation to learning strategies. Two groups of 12th grade students (104 from science & 100 from commerce) participated in the study. Selected subjects were tested with Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Academic achievement was indexed in terms of marks of the last examination. Obtained data were analysed by descriptive statistics, t-ratios, Pearson's Correlations, and Factor Analysis (Principal Component). Results revealed the science students to be high on Intrinsic Goal Orientation, Task Value, Control Beliefs, Self-Efficacy, Test Anxiety, Rehearsal, Elaboration, Organisation, Critical Thinking, Metacognitive Self-regulation, Effort Regulation and Pear Learning than Commerce students. Intrinsic Goal Orientation, Organisation, Effort Regulations, and Pear Learning emerged significant correlates of academic achievement in science stream. On other hand, Metacognitive Self-regulaton, Peer Learning, Critical Thinking, Organisation, Elaboration, Help-Seeking, and Rehearsal emerged as the significant strategy correlates of academic achievement in Commerce stream.
Pages: 1520-1522
Goggi Gupta (Shivalik Institute of Education and Research, Phase-6, Mohali, Punjab)

The study attempt to find type of error committed by 8th grade science students in their written examinations. Shivalik Public School, Mohali was purposively chosen for the study. Forty one students were randomly sampled for the study. Researchers prepared error analysis scale that was used as the instrument to identify errors. Mean, percentages were used to analyze the Problem. The findings of the study revealed that six types of errors were committed by students i.e., content was not organised, Memorisation of facts Spelling mistakes, Appropriate Examples giving Ideas were not explained logically. In fact, it was the lack of adequate awareness of science concept and insufficient memorisation of facts that were found to be the prime causes of their mistakes. It was recommended that science teachers should explore pedagogic techniques towards minimizing the occurrence of wrong operations, and all types of error in science conceptual understanding.
Pages: 1523-1527
Shakti Pal and Sunita Malhotra (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Over the past many years, Quality of life (QoL) has become a focus of attention of scientists and researchers in professional fields. The research has grown extremely rapidly in the field of psychosocial workplace conditions that affect employees' health and quality of life. In this sense, the present study has been conducted to study QoL of health care professionals in relation to psychosocial work environment at their workplace. A sample of 150 (75 males & 75 females) health care professionals working in government hospitals between the age range of 25-35 years was selected. The participants were administered the measures of Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire (CPQ) and quality of life (WHO, WHOQOL-Group, 1996). The data were subjected to Descriptive statistics and Pearson's Product Moment method of correlation. Results revealed significant correlation among eight dimensions of psychosocial work environment (PWE) (job-satisfaction, quantitative demands, emotional demands, possibilities for development, social support from colleagues, justice & respect, self-rated health & burnout) and psychological, social and environmental quality of life. However, physical domain of QoL has been found significantly correlated with job-satisfaction (PWE).
Pages: 1528-1532
Suresh K. Darolia and Neelam (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Job performance of the employees is one of the central constructs which plays a crucial role in achieving organizational goal. The concept of psychological capital (PsyCap) has received much attention in the recent past as a new approach to enhance the job performance of the employees. However, the extent of the association between PsyCap and job performance has not been investigated in India among banking or insurance sector employees. On the other hand the work values, attitude, and work conditions of Indian employees are different from those of other countries. Variations along these factors may affect the relationship between construct of psychological capital and the job performance. Therefore, this study was designed to propose a conceptual model for empirical examination of the association between psychological capital and job performance of insurance sector employees. This study was conducted on 300 Life Insurance Corporation agents and officers drawn from eight district of Haryana state. The psychological capital questionnaire by Luthans (2007) and job performance scale by Singh and Pestonjee (1988) were administered to achieving the research goal. The obtained data were treated statistically for descriptive statistics, Pearsonian correlation and linear multiple regression. The results of the study indicate strong association between each of the individual PsyCap constructs, the global PsyCap and job performance. Resilience correlates .61, Efficacy .55 Hope .50, & Optimism .45, respectively with job performance. Overall PsyCap measure has yielded a higher degree correlation with performance, i.e., .64. Regression analysis suggests that among four PsyCap constructs Resilience and Efficiency emerged as most potent predictors of job performance of insurance sector employees.
Pages: 1533-1535
Firdous Hameed Parey (CAS, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

In the early decades of the twentieth century, by the consistent reverberation with the rest of India British laid its effect on the princely State of Jammu and Kashmir due its proximity. Punjab was the hub of political oscillation, these revolution tides can be revealed by its circulation of newspapers. Here in Kashmir there was no proper platform for publication of Press. During the first decades of the 20th century, most of the newspapers were secretly coming from Lahore (Punjab). At that time applying for permission to bring out a newspaper was looked upon as an act against the State. However, a man namely Mulk Raj Saraf known as father of Kashmir Journalism started a newspaper under the name 'Ranbir' in 1924. Later as an advocate of the freedom struggle, the paper had its share of troubles time by time under the autocracy of the Dogra rulers. The paper lent full support to the movement to make change in the government from autocracy to democracy. This paper intends to focus on the crucial role played by newspaper 'Ranbir' to mobilize society politically; light would be thrown how this newspaper became a speed breaker of antagonistic ethos created in pre-partition era. This paper would be a modest attempt to explore historical analysis how it tried to unite people socio-culturally, politically. The paper provided a suitable platform in order to present the grievances of the people. The present paper would try to examine the role of the newspaper 'Ranbir' in the awakening the political consciousness of Kashmiri people.
Pages: 1536-1538
Jasleen Dua (Department of Sociology, Khalsa College for women, Amritsar, Punjab)

The Dowry law, section 304B of IPC was enacted to strengthen the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 for checking a crime namely 'Dowry Death' and empowering the position of an Indian Woman in this patriarchal society. But the same law is now becoming a source to harass the husband and his family by a deceased woman's parents. Section 304-B was also incorporated to provide justice to the harassed women and a punishment to the accused but with time it has also become gender biased. In the abused cases, where a woman died in the unnatural conditions, everyone mostly doubted on her husband and In-laws only. But every time the picture is not always like that which is visible to all. The present article therefore aims to study the different reasons behind the abuse of this dowry law (section 304B) for which 60 respondents are interviewed by using the descriptive research design. The findings revealed that mental illness of respondent's wife, sometimes her non-adjustable attitude, chronic ailment and monetary causes are some of the reasons that contribute greatly to abuse this dowry law by some unscrupulous people.
Pages: 1539-1541
Shannaz Parveen (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Stress in general, and occupational stress in particular is a fact of modern life that seems to have been on increase. Teachers stress is a real phenomenon and is associated with problems of recruitment, health and retention of teachers. This work is an effort to study and compare the occupational stress and well being among male and female teachers. This study was conducted on a sample of 100 male and female teachers. Occupational stress scale developed by (Ansari, khan, & khan, 2017) and Psychological well being scale developed by Nishizawa (1996) was used in the study. To see the difference in both the groups we applied 't' test. The result revealed significant differences. Occupational stress was found high among female teachers as compared to male teachers and psychological well being was found high in male teachers as compared to the female teachers.
Pages: 1542-1544
Madhu Bala (Department of Psychology, R.B.S. College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)
Neetu Chaudhary (Counselor, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh)

The purpose of the present study was to study the impact of Sudarshan kriya on Subjective well-being of females. For this purpose Subjective well-being was measured with the help of Subjective Well-being Scale, constructed by Shell and Nagpal. 60 subjects (20-30years) were selected for this study, out of which 20 subjects were those who were involved in sudharshan kriya for a long time, 20 who were involved in sudarshan kriya during last 6 months and 20 who don't do sudarshan kriya. One way ANOVA was applied for analyzing the data. On the basis of obtained results it was found that Sudarshan Kriya is an influencing factor for enhancing subjective well-being. Females who do Sudarshan Kriya for a long time have better Subjective Well-being in comparison to those females who do not do Sudarshan kriya.
Pages: 1545-1547
Mehfooz Ahmad (Clinical Psychologist, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh)
Mutafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Clinical Psychology, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryaana)
Vivek Kumar Jha (Department of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryaana)

Self-esteem is a subjective personal valuation. It shows a cognitive attitude and emotional feeling about one's own ability, significance, and worth. Self esteem affects the thinking process, emotions, desires, values and goals in a person. It has been seen in various studies that the self-esteem influence academic stress of college going youth. The purpose of the study was to examine self-esteem as predictor of academic stress among undergraduates. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Scale for Assessing Academic Stress (SAAS) were administered on 64 students age ranging from 18-25 years. Obtained data was analyzed with multiple regression analysis. In the present study self-esteem has been found to be predicting academic stress among undergraduate students.
Pages: 1548-1550
Jasseer J. and Jithin Babu (Department of Psychology, University of Kerala Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala)

The study examined whether Fear of negative evaluation causes Depression among diabetic patients. The sample compromised of diabetic patients (n=200), in the age range of 30 to 60 years randomly chosen from the general public in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Fear of negative evaluation scale (FNE Scale) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered for collecting data. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson product moment method of correlation and t test was employed for the processing of data. A significant positive relationship between fear of negative evaluation and depression was found. The gender difference on the basis of study variables was also studied. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between male and female participants with regard to Fear of negative evaluation. Fear of negative evaluation is found to be higher in females when compared to male counterparts. But, no significant difference was found between males and females with regard to depression.
Pages: 1551-1554
Nisha Chhabra and Suninder Tung (Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

The present study is an attempt to differentiate the delinquents from the non-delinquents on the basis of the most commonly and clinically used neuropsychological measures so that an early identification of neuropsychological parameters in children can prevent delinquent outcomes. The sample consisted of 100 delinquent boys (mean age: 15.7 years) taken from an Observation Home situated at Ludhiana in the state of Punjab, India, and 100 non-delinquent boys (mean age: 15 years) attending a regular school. The neuropsychological examination of both groups was carried out by administering (1) the Standard Progressive Matrices Test, (2) the Bender-Gestalt Test and (3) the Stroop Color and Word Test. Significant group differences were found on non-verbal intelligence, visual motor performance and language function. Delinquents scored lower in the intelligence test, made extreme deviant reproductions of Bender Gestalt designs and could read fewer words than non-delinquents. The findings made it clear that the neuropsychological status of delinquents differs from that of non-delinquents. The results have implications for planning proper prevention programs for vulnerable children at an earlier age.
Pages: 1555-1558
Han Sangsin (Department of Studies in Philosophy, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka)

Philosophical logic not only determines to associate with the principle of logical thinking but also determines the fundamental meaning of the Logos itself, for judgmental thinking activity. This research article is based on the relationship of transcendental logic and the general logic issues in Kant's book 'Critique of Pure Reason'. In his book 'Critique of Pure Reason' he connotes the direct relationship of 'transcendental logic'. Kant thinks that the outcome of transcendental analytics can be substituted with conventional ontology because 'Critique of Pure Reason' has been considered as 'the preliminary studies'. The intent of this article is to solve the following problems. In what way general logic and transcendental logic are related? What represent the earlier progress? While the transcendental logic has superiority of function based on general logic, because latter derived from the former
Pages: 1559-1563
Narender Kumar (Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Library, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

The concept of plagiarism is addressed partially so far amongst academic and research institutions; hence the plagiarism could do penetrate in research activities. Clear cut understanding and spectrum of this concept; the research scholars knowingly and unknowingly commit the same and get trapped. Presently, the situation seems swelter as there is no uniformity in the policy on plagiarism, even no policy has been framed so far by the majority of institutions and universities in India. Although, few institutions and universities have framed their policy, but approval from regulatory bodies like University Grants Commission, AICTE and many more is still pending. In addition, it has been observed that during course work of doctoral degree, plagiarism is not the part of syllabi, whereas, as of now it is overwhelming concept and must be introduced as a topic or full paper. Though numerous measuring tools are available currently like Turnitin, URKUND, iThenticate, Cross-Check, Check for Plag and etc. but to justify and analysis the report, plagiarism policy is required which is still unframed. Even, some questions are raised on the reliability of the reports of measuring tools as observed by the author. Therefore, the author intends through this paper to unveil many issues regarding plagiarism and try to develop the basic understanding of this concept along with measuring tools and try to identify the factors which compel the scholars to commit this offence.
Pages: 1564-1567
Richa Nautiyal and A. Velayudhan (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Rape is a crime of violence, often regarded by the woman as a life-threatening act in which fear and humiliation are her dominant emotions. It is an assault on the woman, her family as well as the community. Rape is not just a problem which affects India; it is something that is prevalent in all the sectors of society across the continents. There is also no denying the fact that it is one of the fastest growing crimes in India. According to the latest data of the Home Ministry, India stands third, leaving behind countries like Sri Lanka, Jordan and Argentina, when it comes to rape cases. India still has a prejudiced mindset regarding rape survivors and lacks the seriousness to tackle the problem in an efficient manner. The survivor may already have to fight feelings of being victimized, humiliated and traumatized due to the assault; On top of that, the judgmental attitude towards the issue of rape, often by the police, health systems, politicians, and the society doesn't help them. It only adds to their anguish and sends them in a downward spiral. This study tries to understand to what extent perceived social support can influence a person's perception of trauma. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) developed by Zimet, Dahlam, Zimet, and Farley (1988) and Trauma Symptom Inventory by Briere (1996) were used on 50 rape survivors. The results and the conclusions were based according to the statistical analysis conducted.
Pages: 1568-1571
Ramandeep Kaur (Department of Public Administration, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

India's Public Distribution System is the most important social service and the largest single retail system in the world. The system provides food security to poor households of the society in the country, by ensuring them, their essential fixed requirements at lower prices than in the open market. Today, India has the largest stock of grain in the world besides China. With a network of more than 5 million Fair Price Shops (FPS), the government spends Rs. 750 billion per year to distribute annually food grains to about 16 crore families. PDS is operated under the joint responsibility of the Central and the State Governments. The public distribution system in India is perhaps the largest distribution network of its type in the world though it's not free from flaws So to make it flawless modernization of Targeted Public Distribution System is necessary. Modernization of Targeted Public Distribution System including its end-to-end computerization is a priority area for the Department of Food and Public Distribution. With the enactment of the National Food Security Act, 2013, computerization of TPDS has acquired greater importance. Some States/UTs have taken initiatives for computerization of TPDS. This Department had also initiated pilot schemes for computerization of various aspects of TPDS functioning in select States/UTs. However, such initiatives did not envisage end-to-end coverage in a comprehensive and integrated manner. The Department has prepared a scheme under the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) for its implementation in all States/UTs on cost sharing basis. The scheme comprises implementation of two components, namely, digitization of beneficiary and other databases, computerization of supply-chain, setting up of portal and grievance redressal mechanism and FPS automation. NIC is the technical partner for the scheme and the implementation agency for the Centre.
Pages: 1572-1576
Aditi Sonthwal and Meena Jain (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The purpose of the current study was to assess and analyse the relationship between self-concept and perceived parental attitudes among learning disabled adolescents aging 12-18 years. A sample of 30 participants was chosen through purposive sampling from special educational institutions with mean age of 15.2 years. They were administered the self-concept questionnaire (Saraswat), and parent child relationship scale (Rao). The results indicated that adolescents with learning disabilities had average total self-concept and perceived moderate level of relationship with mother and father. The findings revealed a significant relationship between self-concept and perceived parental attitudes. The findings are helpful as they provide an insight about the perception of the adolescents. Feelings and sentiments experienced at home & emotional interactions with parents play a key role in children's attitude towards themselves, their future & towards society.
Pages: 1577-1581
Liyaqat Bashir and Bilkees Abdullah Puju (Department of Education, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab)

The present study aimed to investigate the Mental Health of senior secondary school students in relation to Life skills and Self-efficacy. The respondents were students from senior secondary school of Jammu and Kashmir. A sample of 200 senior secondary school students was selected from Jammu and Kashmir by employing simple random sampling. T-test and multiple correlation were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed that (a) mental health of senior secondary school boys and girls is significant, (b) life skills of senior secondary school boys and girls is significant (c) self-efficacy of senior secondary school boys and girls is not significant. It also revealed that there exists a positive relationship between mental health of senior secondary school boys and girls of Jammu and Kashmir with their life skills and self-efficacy.
Pages: 1582-1587
Ridhima Duggal and Pooja Wadhawan (Department of Psychology, Mata Sundri College for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Good psychological health helps adolescents to deal effectively with various adversities of life. There are a number of psychological factors such as productive dealing (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2012) being resilient and strong self-concept of the individuals that are necessary to maintain their psychological well-being. To establish this, it is important for adolescents to have social approval and support from their parents, which might help them to handle the difficult situations occurring during this period (Harter, 1999). However, in India there has been a substantial increase in the number of children who have to live in orphanages due to problems of poverty, neglect, disease and death of the parents (Faith to Action Initiative, 2014). Keeping this view in mind, a study was designed to assess the Self-concept of adolescents (15-17 years) living in orphanages and adolescents living with their families. Self-Concept questionnaire (Saraswat, 1984) was administered on both the groups. The t-value was calculated and the findings of the present study revealed that there is a significant difference in the Self-concept of Orphans and Non orphans.
Pages: 1588-1592
Liyaqat Bashir and Savita Gupta (Department of Education, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab)

The present investigation was conducted to examine the relationship between academic procrastination and academic performance among university students. The respondents of the study were 380 university students were selected via convenient sampling technique. The results show that: there exists significant difference between male and female university students in their academic procrastination; there exists significant difference between male and female university students in their academic performance. Further that there exists a significant negative relationship between academic procrastination and academic performance of university students. Moreover, the dimensions of academic procrastination such as time management, task aversiveness, sincerity and personal initiative were negatively related to academic performance of students. The result indicates that those who have higher level of academic procrastination they have lower academic performance.
Pages: 1593-1595
Abhijatya Dhar and Anisha Juneja (Amity Institute of Behavioural Health and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Individuals with underlying personality disorder features have been observed to be more vulnerable to developing Axis I conditions, most commonly affective disorders, followed by anxiety and substance abuse disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between underlying Cluster-B Personality Disorder features and the severity of Major Depressive Disorder. Males and females in the age group of 18-35 years with a confirmed diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder were assessed on the severity of depression using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and cluster B personality disorder features using Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ 4+). On the basis of total scores measured on BDI and PDQ, the results were calculated using measures of central tendency and Pearson's Correlation method. The results indicated individuals scoring high on Cluster-B Personality Disorder features also scored high on severity of Major Depressive Disorder. The study hence has theoretical and psychotherapeutic implications in the field of mental health.
Pages: 1596-1600
Kumari Neha (Department of Geography, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

The Socio Economic status is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation. It is commonly conceptualized as the social understanding or class of an individual or group. Socio economic status indicates one's access to collectively desired resources, be they materials, goods, money, power, friendship, networks, healthcare, leisure time or educational opportunities and it is such resources that enable individuals and/or groups to prosper in the social world. The main objective of the present study is to analyze the levels of socio-economic conditions of people residing at Namkum block in Ranchi district. The aim is to study the pattern of income, expenditure and savings of individual, health status, and housing and infrastructure facilities. The present investigation will be carried out at the Namkum block. Namkum is located in sub-locality, Ranchi district Jharkhand state of India. The latitude and longitude extension is 23°17' to 23°23' and 85°14' to 85°17' respectively. This investigation will be completed through questionnaire, personal interview and collecting of other relevant information of the block. The primary data will be obtained through field survey and the secondary data sources will be census of India, 2011 that will be represented by suitable cartographic technique. Taking the above-mentioned methodology into account the present study tries to serve the purpose of categorising the tribal people in different socio-economic strata.
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