Pages: 765-768
Visheshta Mishra (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)
Nishat Afroz (Department of Psychology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

Incivility is a behavior that induces adverse affective, cognitive, and behavioral results to its targeted victims and even to witnesses, and provocateurs. Workplace incivility is a phenomenon being studied to a good extent at the global levels and it has been proved to be adversely impacting individual's health as well as the organizational health. It is causing distress to the target employees' and harming the organization as well as the employees. Often, incivility seems to be too weak to form a configuration of mistreatment and that is why it is not possible to diagnose the issue and help targets. This paper is an as say to inquire the existing literature related to the phenomenon to provide the better understanding of the concept of workplace incivility along with its forms, characteristics, prevalence, causal factors, and consequences of uncivil behaviors.

Pages: 772-774
Shweta Dixit (Department of Psychology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh)

The purpose of the study was to see the effects of employment status on depression and desire for social freedom. In modern times two social issues is very challenging for our society; one is unemployment another is depression 100 females (50 educated employed females & 50 educated unemployed females) was selected for the study. Depression scale byKarim and Tiwari and women social freedom scale by Bhusan was chosen for the collection of data. Results declared that employment status affect the level of depression and also desire for social freedom. Significant difference was found between educated employed and educated unemployed females on the depression and women social freedom's level. And the correlation between depression and women social freedom was 0.14 which is negligible positive correlation.

Pages: 779-782
Sheetal Chhabra (School Lecturer, Department of Education, Haryana)
Teenu Nandal (School Lecturer, Department of Education, Haryana)

The present research endeavor was aimed to investigate the connection between life satisfaction and emotional maturity of adult participants. The sample consisted of 200 participants (100 male & 100 female) taken from Rohtak, Gohana, Behadurgrah, and Jind (cities of Haryana) by using purposive random sampling technique. The sample varies from 40 to 50 years (adults) of age. The partakers are administered with Emotional Maturity Scale (Singh & Bhargava, 1984) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larson, & Griffin, 1985). The data was analysed to observe the relationship and differences between the variables of both the groups. Results showed that emotional maturity and life satisfaction strongly associated with each other. Moreover, there are found significant gender differences on both the variables. Female participants are having high level of life satisfaction and emotional maturity as compared to male participants Implications of the study are also discussed.

Pages: 789-794
Pooja Bagrodia (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Sangeeta Bhatia (Department of Psychology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

In India, school-based counselling is still to develop with regard to counsellor practice guidelines and frameworks. It is essential to examine the role of a counsellor and the nature of their work for developing clear professional identities to take it toward the future of an integrated and regulated space. The aim of this qualitative and exploratory study, was to explore the role of counsellors as experienced by the nine school counsellors (average work experience of 3.5 years) who participated in the study, in the absence of a national model in the field of school counselling. Purposive sampling was used to identify the participants. The unstructured open-ended interviews were subjected to thematic analysis for study. The findings indicate that counsellors work with stakeholders, primarily the students across a range of presenting needs. An understanding of what counselling is in schools and the emergent finding that counsellors experienced counselling as separate from the overall school functions of a school is discussed. The results have implications for clarification and integration of the counsellor role based on a deeper understanding of school-based counselling.

Pages: 799-804
Jan-Boje Frauen (School of International Relations, Xiamen University, China)

Even in academia, the long-established 'East-West' dichotomy is typically taken for granted in the production of new knowledge on ultimately old and outdated terms. Due to its unprecedented rise out of poverty and to economic, military, and not least cultural power, the People's Republic of China (PR-China; PRC) has been subjected to the 'East vs. West' discourse more than any other political entity during the last two decades. In fact, many publications seem to disregard the fact that there is an 'East' other than the PRC these days. The present article employs an analysis of the geo-political triangle EU-Europe, US-America and PR-China in terms of politics and perceptions to display that the alleged ontological stability ascribed to the 'East-West' divide is to be seen as an 'Othering' mechanism that 'Western' political structures employ to strengthen their own unity. In fact, PR-China employs essentially 'Western' politics and perceives the political world through 'Western' patterns of sense-making as much as the European Union and the United States fundamentally diverge from each other in what each of them defines as 'Western' values.

Pages: 322-329
Rimsha Lakesh (Department of Home Science, Govt. Dr. W. W., Patankar Girls P.G. College, Durg, Chhattisgarh)
Joyti Ravi Tiwari (Department of Home Science, Govt. D.B., Girls P.G. College, Durg, Chhattisgarh)
Basheer Hasan (School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh)
Reshma Lakesh (Department of Home Science, Govt. Dr. W. W. Patankar Girls P.G. College, Durg, Chhattisgarh)

The objective of the present empirical piece of research work is to examine the prediction effect of gender and self-concept on career maturity. Following the stratified random sampling technique 1000 students were drawn from different institution at Durg city, to serve as participants in the present research work. Result of the study indicated that, gender and self concept are significant predictors of career maturity. It is concluded that there is sufficient empirical and statistical evidence of the prediction effect of gender and self concept on career maturity.

Pages: 334-341
Indu Bala (Department of Management, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab)
Ramandeep Saini (Business Management, Chandigarh Group of Colleges Landran, Mohali, Punjab)
B. B. Goyal (University Business School, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of quality of work life (QWL) of professional and non-professional faculty members in educational institutions of higher learning and to investigate the relationship between the QWL and Organizational Commitment (OC) between professional and nonprofessional faculty members. The first objective of this study is to identify the significant dimensions of QWL of academic and the second objective is to compare the relationship between quality of work life and organizational commitment between the faculty members teaching professional and non -professional courses at private institutions. This study adopted descriptive research and 300 respondents were taken, out of which 150 from public institutions and 150 from private institutions. The results indicate that faculty members teaching professional courses are slightly more satisfied than the faculty teaching nonprofessional courses on the organizational factors, environmental factors and on normative commitment. On the other hand faculty members teaching nonprofessional courses are more satisfied than the faculty members teaching professional courses on the personal factors and continuance commitment. However on the affective commitment both types of faculty members are dissatisfied with the same mean score. Discussions and recommendation are provided in this study.

Pages: 347-351
Anjuman Bains and Sheema Aleem (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

The uses and gratification scale was developed for assessing why Facebook users use Facebook and what gratifications they derive by using it. The scale was based on a media theory called the uses and the gratification theory. For this purpose, extensive literature review, focused group interviews and a survey was conducted on a sample of 400 undergraduate students from Delhi/NCR. In the first phase a sample of 400 undergraduate students was collected to establish factor structures using Maximum likelihood Method in SPSS software 21.0. Using the final scale of 12 items falling under three factors, data was collected on a sample of 400 undergraduate students again from Delhi/NCR. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed using Smart PLS software 2.0. The results reveled adequate convergent validity and discriminant validity. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the scale was a statistically sound measure.

Pages: 356-362
Ridhima Shukla (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Autism is a developmental disability impairing an individual's ability to establish meaningful conversation with others. It typically, begins at an early age and as the child grow they experience various psychosocial difficulties. The more complex and severe a child's disability is, the more it is stressful for the caregivers, also the nature of the disability majorly influences caregivers quality of life. As the primary giver is mother, this study was conducted to assess the quality of life and coping with stress of mothers of children with ASD. The present study was conducted on 40 mothers, selected purposively with definite inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated that mothers perceive their quality of life as average, that is neither too good nor bad, and use a variety of coping styles to deal with the demands of caring a child with ASD. The results also indicate that use of instrumental and emotional support, acceptance, positive reframing, active coping and religion are significant predictors of quality of life. These predictors are also positively correlated with quality of life. Self blame, distraction and substance abuse are also significant predictors of quality of life. However, these were found to be inversely related with quality of life. It may be concluded that adaptive coping strategies are pertinent in maintaining healthy quality of life of mothers of children with ASD.

Pages: 368-373
Jagjeet Sandhu and Umed Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The present study was designed to examine the relationship of wisdom with intelligence, personality and perceived family environment among college students For the realization of the research objective, 153 college students were selected from various colleges of Karnal, Kurukshetra and Kaithal districts of Haryana, and were tested on 3D-wisdom scale, Raven's Progressive Matrics Test, Hindi Version of Hundal General Mental Ability Test and NEO-FFI. Obtained data were analyzed by using Descriptive Statistics, Pearson's Correlations and Factor Analysis. Results revealed wisdom to have significant positive relationship with crystallized intelligence, emotional stability, openness to new experiences conscientiousness, intellectual-cultural orientation, and organization.

Pages: 377-380
Jagdish Kumar (Post-graduate Teacher, Department of Education, Haryana)
Pradeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, CRS University, Jind, Haryana)

Present was designed to explore the relationship between dimensions of creativity and intellectual styles. For this, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking With Pictures (Torrance, 1966) and Thinking Styles Inventory (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992) were administered on 250 female students of 11th and 12th grades with age ranging from 16 to 20 years. Four scores of creativity and thirteen of intellectual styles scored following the rules prescribed in respective manuals. Obtained data was analyzed by applying Descriptive Statistics (Mean, SD, SK, KU) and Pearson's correlation. Descriptive statistics reveal the normalcy of data distribution. Coefficients of correlations depicted that Fluency has positive correlations with legislative, executive, judicial, hierarchic, global, internal, external, liberal styles; and negative with oligarchic, anarchic, local and conservative styles. Flexibility has marked significant positive association with legislative, executive, hierarchic, global, internal, external, liberal styles; and negative with oligarchic, anarchic, local, and conservative styles. Originality has correlated positively with legislative, executive, judicial hierarchic, global, internal, external, liberal styles; and negatively with oligarchic, anarchic, local, and conservative styles. Elaboration has marked positive association with legislative, executive, judicial, monarchic, hierarchic, global, internal, external, liberal styles; and negative with oligarchic and anarchic styles. In conclusion, both the measures of creativity and intellectual styles share variance with each other. Review of literature also clearly supports the findings of present study.

Pages: 385-387
Anubandh (Department of Geography, Chhaju Ram Memorial Jaat College, Hisar, Haryana)

Solid waste management is a system that covers all processes from collection to disposal for all types of refuse. It is essential but often neglected part of urban environment management of towns. It includes waste generated from residential, commercial, institutional, hospital, construction site, demolition process and municipal services. Improper solid waste management gives rise to problems of health, sanitation and environmental degradation which can affect the sustainability of life in the town. This is indeed a matter of serious concern. The objective of this paper is to highlight the status of solid waste management practices in Narnaul town. A survey of 23 wards has been done to understand the prevailing solid waste management mechanism. The total of 26 ton of solid waste is generated everyday within the administration jurisdiction of Narnaul Municipal Council. 8 ton domestic solid waste 14 ton non-domestic solid waste is generated per day in Narnaul town. Scientific and systematic storage of waste at source is not in practice.

Pages: 393-401
Sangeeta Trama (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Spirituality has always been considered to be a natural part of being human. Spiritual orientation leads to spiritual transcendence when the capacity of individuals goes beyond to stand outside of their immediate time and place, and to view life from a larger, more objective perspective. Behavior is transcendent when it overrides environmental contingencies or apparent personal limits. Transcendence is an important predictor of mental health and well-being among middle-aged and older adults (Ellermann & Reed, 2001). Religion and spirituality are universal threads in the fabric of human experience. While researchers initially measured religion as a uni-dimensional entity, it soon became evident that there were two distinct types of religiousness. Allport (1959) coined the term 'extrinsic' and 'intrinsic religious orientation'. He distinguished between the intrinsically and extrinsically oriented as those who approach religion as 'living' or 'using' religion respectively (Pollard & Bates, 2004). From the self-determination perspective too, self-initiation and regulation of religious orientation was emphasized in researches (Ryan & Connell, 1989). A third dimension of religious orientation was later developed called the quest orientation. According to Kristensen, Pedersen, and Williams (1975), the third dimension emerged as a result of argument that the intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy never included all the constituent elements of mature religiosity. According to them, this observation suggests that "at least one fundamental aspect of mature religiosity not included in Allport's original model is an open-ended intellectual search for answers to grander and more existential issues and thus, this religious dimension was named the quest orientation". The present investigation proposed to examine gender differences in all these three aspects of religious orientation, viz., intrinsic, extrinsic, and quest orientation. The aging process is an important step in an individual's spiritual journey and spiritual growth. Erik (1964) postulated that ego virtues or ego strengths are instinctual, inherent, and internal strengths gained by healthy individuals. With the successful resolution of all eight psychosocial crises throughout the life cycle, a healthy personality results (Erikson, 1956). Transcendence is driven by intrinsic motivating factors. Maslow has recently emphasized that growth motivation emphasizes one's journey from self-actualization towards transcendence. Therefore, it was considered important to study how males and females differ on their path towards these life goals. The present study attempted to examine gender differences in spiritual transcendence, religiosity, ego strength, and self-actualization. There are various transitions for both, men and women when entering into the middle years of life. So, it is important to analyze how the two differ in their approach to reach the point of fulfilment in life. The sample comprised 100 professors (50 males & 50 females) in the age group of 40-55 years. Participants were from urban cities of Punjab, India. t-test (for independent samples) was applied which showed no significant gender differences on spiritual transcendence, religiosity, ego strength, and self-actualization, by and large. Adult women however, reported higher levels of quest orientation (a subscale of religiosity) than men. The findings are interpreted in light of the Indian socio-cultural context.