IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

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A study of quality of life and burden of care in mothers of children with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder Page: 482-484 Mini Mehra and Bhupinder Singh (Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) Indrabhushan Kumar (Department of Clinical Psychology, CRC, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) Care giving is a normal part of parenting. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual disabilities have some limitations in functioning which require a long term care that exceeds the usual needs of children as they grow older. They demand some high quality of care due to their functional limitations. The high level of care required by these children can be burdensome and may impact the physical and mental health of the care givers. The study conducted on a sample of 50 mothers (25 mothers in each groups, ASD & ID). The result obtained indicates impairment in all the four domains of Quality of Life of mothers of children with ASD. The level of impairment reported in ASD group was found significantly higher than that of ID group on the basis of data interpreted by t-test. Finding also shows higher level of burden of care among the mothers of children with ASD as compared to the mothers of children with ID. These mothers display an elevated level of burden and impaired quality of life. So there is a need of awareness and support to assist this group. Read more Get Access
Gender differences on spiritually and religiosity: A comparative study Page: 485-487 Ravi Rathee and Shalini Singh (Department of Psychology, M.D.U., Rohtak, Haryana) Spirituality is something which is related to personal self, which means that how we are connected to one self-whereas religiosity is related to the devotion of the god and higher super natural powers in which one has a faith. Gender differences in spirituality and religiosity are an assumed reality despite the lack of empirical information that directly compares women and men. Researchers used a sample of 60 (30males, 30 females) graduate students of MD university, Rohtak; belonging to age group 21-24 years of middle socioeconomic strata. Spirituality Scale by Husain, Jahan, Nishat, Siddiqui and Akram (2011) and Religiosity Scale by Bhushan (1971) was used to fulfil the purpose of the study. The present study investigated whether there is gender difference between spirituality and religiosity. The results showed marked gender differences in spiritual qualities, and gendered patterns of spiritual development were identified that are associated with religious identity, peer relationships, and science exposure. Though, researchers found no significant difference on religiosity. Read more Get Access
Employer branding and employee engagement influencing psychological attachment Page: 493-496 Kamlesh Kumar Maurya (Department of Psychology, Personnel Management & Industrial Relations, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP) Present paper aimed to examine the role of employer branding and employee engagement in influencing the level of psychological attachment among the employee. Guiding theories underlying the present study are social exchange theory (Eisenberger et al., 1997) and the psychological contract theory (Miller, 2001; Rousseau, 1995; Robinson & Rousseau, 1994). Keeping in mind the cost-effective and strategic approach based on general HRM/OB/HRD principles in creating the positive work attitude among the workforce. The present study had investigated the underlying assumption, that high level of engagement and perceived employer branding by the employees' is responsible for, fostering the psychological attachment among employees. This study was conducted by critical review of previous survey results and of literature incorporating (corporate branding, internal branding, employee engagement, psychological attachment, human resource management & employee retention) in terms of their implications for the proposed framework i.e. employee engagement and employer branding is positively associated with psychological attachment. After exploring and critical review of literature incorporating psychological attachment, employer branding, and employee engagement it is found that although much research has been conducted in all areas, few studies have explicitly worked on psychological attachment and its relationship with perceived employer branding and employee engagement. The framework established in the study opens the doors of further investigation into other factors that seem to contribute in building psychological attachment. Read more Get Access
Impact of self-regulation intervention on risk taking and self-regulatory behavior in adolescents Page: 493-496 Riddhi Goel and Anjali Malik (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana) Adolescents experiment with new things, some of which may be risky and even dangerous. Self-regulation of behavior, where the adolescents are made aware of the possible consequences of their behavior, and which helps in developing critical life skills in adolescents is a dire need. Keeping this in mind it is important to not only treat the affected population but also prevent the youth from taking risk and make them able to regulate their thoughts, emotions and behavior to prevent negative consequences. The present study was therefore designed to study the impact of self-regulation training on the risk taking and self-regulatory behavior in adolescents. To identify the high risk takers, Risk taking questionnaire was administered on 400 subjects (15-17 years) of both genders. The screened group of high risk takers were administered self-regulation questionnaire and then taken forward for the intervention program meant to tackle these problems at the cognitive, behavioral and emotional levels. There was a marked decline in the risk taking behavior as well as greater degree of self-regulation post intervention. Read more Get Access
Parched earth insensitive water wastage: Our legacy to the future Page: 497-501 Manbeer Kaur and Harshpinder Singh (Khalsa College Gharshankar, Hoshiarpur, Punjab) R. Lamba (Anthropologist, CEO, The Rural Envionrmental Enterprises Development Society, Chandigarh) Ancient scriptures have stipulated the priceless treasures of Nature to be inexhaustible. They have, however, warned about their conservative use and warned against wanton waste. The world today has become aware that its exploitation of the environment can result in turning man's habitat into a hostile terrain. Living without water, trees, rain forests seems unthinkable and yet the concrete jungles are engulfing large surface areas. While the Earth has large resources of water because of which it gained the name of 'Blue Plant', there is very little fresh water that can be used for drinking. Less than one percent of the available water on earth is drinkable. It is a crucial issue for human survival if this small fragment of water is endangered in anyway. Reports from all over the world are coming in where certain cities are being declared as crisis cities because of the acute threat they are facing of becoming totally waterless. The huge realty rates will crash once the water scarcity becomes a reality. The focus of this paper is to ascertain how rural populations consider this world water scarcity crises. Are they aware? Do they exercise conservative measures? How tuned in are they to the water crisis of the world? What measures are they taking to conserve weather? A study was conducted among rural populations around Garshankar block of Hoshiarpur district among 540 respondents to ascertain their views on the issues. The study findings were shared on World Water Day among the Faculty and students of BAM Khalsa College, Garshankar, Punjab, India Read more Get Access
Aggression and Emotional Regulation among children across gender and working status of mothers Page: 502-505 Priyanka (Amity Institute of Behavior and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana) The present study examined the importance of presence of mother emotionally and physically in child's life. This research is to find out the difference in the level of aggression and emotion control in children of working and non working mothers. The aim of this study is to find out the aggression level and emotional well-being of children both boys and girls of age group 5-12. Two scales have been used in the study: Aggression Questionnaire Profile sheet youths, and Emotional Regulation questionnaire. Participants were 120 children. This study is based on 60 boys, 60 girls (30 boys & 30 girls of working mothers & 30 boys & 30 girls of non-working mothers). 2x2 way anova has been applied to analyse the data. In the result there is a difference in the scores of children of working and non working mothers. There is significant difference in aggression among children of working non working mothers and emotional regulation does not show any major difference for working and non-working mother but some significance has been seen across gender. Read more Get Access
Understanding Bihari labour migrants in India’s North Eastern Region Page: 506-511 Sneha Mishra and Komol Singha (Department of Economics, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim) Bihar is one of the most populous states of India. Poor socio-economic conditions and lack of employment opportunity at home push the rural community of Bihar to migrate to other states for their livelihood. Using primary data collected from two states of the India's north-eastern region: Assam and Sikkim (with higher number of Bihari in-migrants among the interstate migrants) the paper tries to find out different factors responsible for out-migration of the rural people of Bihar. Read more Get Access
Need for psychological interventions in building healthy parent child relationship among adolescents Page: 201-204 Freda Cota e Pereira (Department of Psychology, M.E.S College of Arts & Commerce, Zuarinagar, Goa) The current research study attempts to observe the impact of Psychological Interventions on improving parent-child relationship among adolescents. To achieve this objective Rao's (1971) Parent Child Relationship Scale were administered on 200 undergraduate students from Arts, Commerce, Science and Management streams of South Goa colleges. The adolescents who are in need of counseling were identified on the basis of pre-test scores determined in each scale. On the basis of the obtained data, adolescents were than divided into experimental and control groups. Psychological interventions were provided to those identified adolescent's of experimental group, over a period of one year. After which post-test data is collected from both the groups of adolescents. Further, paired 't'-test was applied to observe the impact of psychological interventions on the above sample. Hypothesis stating that there will be a significant improvement in Parent Child relationship, among Adolescents after going through psychological interventions is proved through this paper. Through this paper the researcher wants to depict the impact of psychological interventions tailor made to an adolescent client for optimal facilitation. The results of parent child relationship scores are highly significant (p<0.001) which revealed that psychological interventions plays a significantly positive role in improving parent child relationships in all domains. The outcome of counseling session was positive indicating that adolescents feel safe to express their feelings and thoughts in interpersonal relationships specially with parents. Read more Get Access
Self-efficacy among HIV positive persons: The role of coping processes and social support Page: 205-210 Amit, Sandeep Singh, and Lalita (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) A correlational study was carried out to explore the role of social support and ways of coping processes on self efficacy among HIV positive male persons. Sample of 159 persons with HIV having age between 15-40 years and those diagnosed as HIV positive before six months were selected. Tools used in the study were General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Williams, 1988); Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984); Social Support Questionnaire (Nehra & Kulhara); and General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (Jerusalem & Schwarzer, 1981). Statistical analysis were made with the help of descriptive analysis and Pearson Product Moment method of correlation to study the hypotheses that there will be a significant relationship between coping processes and self efficacy, social support and self efficacy among HIV positive persons. Significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and social support has been found. Further significant positive correlations between self efficacy and ways of coping processes except planful problem solving have been found. Since self efficacy is essential for a person to live life at optimum level particularly in the case of persons with HIV that live life with stigma, stress and uncertainty, therefore it is necessary to study some psychological aspects that relate with self efficacy of a person at some point. From these psychological aspects, here we carried out a correlational study of self efficacy with social support and ways of coping processes among persons with HIV. Read more Get Access
Influence of academic workload and study habits on level of achievement of science stream students studying in private and government school Page: 211-214 Pawan Kumar (Department of Psychology, Jai Narain vyas University Jodhpur, Rajasthan) Present investigation was done to study “Influence of Academic Workload and Study Habits on Level of Achievement of Science Stream Students Studying in Private and Government School.” The Independent variables were (a). School workload (homework & class work) (b).Study habits (c). School status (Private & Government school) and the Dependent variables was - Level of achievement. it was a comparison study in which 12th class science stream students male and female studying in private and government school were compared on the effect of academic workload and study habits on level of achievement. For the research a sample of 40 students was taken. Study habits inventory by Patel in Hindi language was used to measure study habits and academic performance in class 11. The result show that male and female differ significantly from each other girls studying in both private and government school have better study habits and feel less burdened. Read more Get Access
A study of impact of change in climate on agriculture and food production Page: 215-216 Sandeep Kumar (Department of Geography, CRM Jat College, Hisar, Haryana) Climate change is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate change will likely negatively affect crop production in low latitude countries, while effects in northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Climate change will probably increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor. Animal agriculture is also responsible for greenhouse gas production of CO2 and a percentage of the world's methane, and future land infertility, and the displacement of local species. Agriculture contributes to climate change both by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and by the conversion of non-agricultural land such as forests into agricultural land. Agriculture, forestry and land-use change contributed around 20 to 25% to global annual emissions in 2010. Read more Get Access
Perceived social support as a determinant of marital adjustment in working and non-working mothers Page: 217-221 Priyanka and Amrita Yadava (Department of Psychology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana) As the responsibilities of women with children are changing with the change in work status, various personal and social issues are surfacing for women. Perceived social support might be considered as one of the factor which could contribute to personal life and relationships. The present study aimed to identify the relation between perceived social support and marital adjustment among working and non-working women. The sample of the study consisted of 100 women (working married women 50, non-working married women 50), age ranging between 28 to 40 years (minimum 5 years of marriage), with at least 1 child. Two tests, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), were administered to the respondents. Data was analysed with the help of t-test and step-wise regression. Results showed that working mothers had higher marital adjustment than non-working mothers. Further, perceived social support, especially from family's side played an important role in developing marital adjustment among women. Read more Get Access
Art images in the ancient “Texts” with special reference to Markandey Purana and Padam Purana Page: 222-225 Daljit Kaur (S. Sobha Singh Fine Arts Department, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Indian Civilization is known for its ancient Indian Texts in Sanskrit and Pali. All the Vedas, Puranas, Upanishad, Agamas, Samhitas, etc. Texts are known for their contribution in Indian Civilization and Culture. These are not only the Religious Texts for the particular society rather they are the Texts, which shows the way; How to live human life in this Universe. The most significant theory of Rasa, and Bhava has appeared in the Taittiriya Upanishad. Common man thinks that these are only the Religious Texts, which may liberate us but these are not only for one aspect of life rather they deal with Totality of Life. Even the Science, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Medicines and various aspects of Philosophy and Psychology are deeply rooted in such Texts. The known Texts are Samarangana Sutradhara a study of Vastu Shastra architecture and all the Shilpa Shastras Texts, Vishnudharmottara Purana deals with Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Similarly Agni Puran, Markandeya Puran, Vayu Purana, Garuda Purana, Skanda Purana and Matsya Purana etc. deals with astronomy, psychology, art, iconography and architecture in many Adhyas. A study of Art and Architecture in these Texts are valuable Treasure for the Scholars. Read more Get Access
Influence of parenting style on life satisfaction of the adolescents: A review Page: 226-230 Rakesh Kumar Behmani and Vijeta Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) Life satisfaction is one of the key concepts that positive psychology studies. This article provides a review of the existing literature on the relationship between parenting style and life satisfaction among the adolescents. A parenting style is a psychological construct that incorporates various attitudes, behaviors and approaches used by parents while raising their children. Life satisfaction is an individual's appraisal of life as a whole rather than the feelings that are felt at a given instant. The way parents deal with their children has a major influence on children's perception towards life. The purpose of this review is to understand the impact of parenting styles on adolescents' life satisfaction. Various correlational studies have found that parenting style plays an important role in life satisfaction of the adolescents. Authoritarian parenting style leads to decline in the life satisfaction while authoritative, supportive and permissive parenting style improves the life satisfaction of the adolescents. Indulgent-neglectful parenting also lowers the life satisfaction of the adolescents. Directions for future research have also been discussed. Read more Get Access
An analysis of the law relating to the right of private defence in India with special reference to retreat rule in America Page: 231-233 Neeraj Malik (Department of Law, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana) Someone is threatening you with imminent and deadly force. You could safely retreat from the threat but you choose, instead, to stand your ground and meet force by force. In doing so, you kill the aggressor. Are you guilty of murder in America? In most of the United States, the answer is no. By statute, court rulings, or a combination of both, more than thirty states have adopted a 'stand your ground' i.e., no retreat rule which bars the prosecution of people who use deadly force against a deadly aggressor without first attempting to retreat, or offers such persons a valid self- defence claim against a charge of criminal homicide. By contrast, a minority of states enforce a retreat requirement under which a defendant may not successfully claim self- defence if the defendant could have safely retreated, but did not, before using deadly force against a deadly attacker. Read more Get Access
A comparison of abstinent and relapsed opioid dependents on hardiness Page: 234-237 Shruti Shourie (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Sector-10, Chandigarh) Lakhminder Singh (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) The present study was an attempt to find out the difference between abstinent and relapsed opioid dependents on Hardiness. The sample of the study consisted of 200 male opioid dependents, out of which 100 were abstinent and 100 were relapsed opioid dependents selected randomly from the Govt and Private Rehabilitation Centres of Punjab. Hardiness Scale (Kobasa & Kahn, 1982) was used to collect the data. Means, Standard Deviations and t-ratios were calculated to determine the differences between two groups. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference between the two groups on hardiness, with the abstinent group scoring higher on hardiness, in comparison to the relapsed group. The findings clearly reveal that to increase abstinence among the opioid dependants, the treatment and rehabilitation services should focus on enhancing commitment among the drug addicts. Read more Get Access
Efficacy of mindfulness based stress reduction on worry and state of mindfulness on caregivers of patients with dementia: An intervention study Page: 238-242 Firdos Jahan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) Deoshree Akhouri (Department of Psychiatry, J.N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) Caregivers of any patients goes through a lot of difficulty in caring. They provide emotional support to the patients along with their proper treatment caring for patients with dementia is challenging, demanding and stressful and it negatively effect the mental and physical health of caregivers. There are very few studies have examined the effectiveness of MBSR in caregivers of dementia for improving their level of mindfulness and reducing worries. 20 patients with their caregivers were taken from Psychiatry OPD, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. They were randomly divided into 2 groups namely experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10) only experimental group Dementia patient's caregivers were taken for MBSR intervention. Both groups were assessed on Penn worry state questionnaire at baseline and after MBSR intervention and Toranto mindfulness scale was administered only on experimental group at pre and post. After MBSR intervention experimental group are caregivers found significantly reduction in worry in comparison to control group and experimental groups caregivers also found improvement in state of mindfulness. Results indicated that MBSR intervention significantly reduced worry and increase mindful-state among caregivers of dementia. Read more Get Access
The study of impulsivity in bipolar mania Page: 243-247 Mohit Kumar (Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi) Basudeb Das (Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry Ranchi, Jharkhand) Sanjay Kumar (Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Mental Health Govt. Mental Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab) Masood Maqbool (Division of Trauma Surgery & Critical Care, JPNATC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi) Satyam Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, PGIMER- Dr. Ram Manohar, Lohia Hospital, New Delhi) It is largely accepted that impulsivity is part of bipolar disorder. However, presence of various sub-facets of impulsivity in bipolar disorder remains largely unknown. The present study aims to see various sub-components of impulsivity in patients diagnosed with BPAD current episode manic type. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 patients with diagnosis of BPAD current episode manic type (based on ICD- 10 DCR) (group 1) from a tertiary care hospital. Another 20 normal healthy subjects (group 2) were taken from accompanying person on the score of less than 3 in GHQ-12. Both the groups were matched on age, sex and education level obtained through initial assessment on socio-demographic clinical data sheet. All the subjects (n=40) were assessed using Barratt Impulsivity Scale and Stocking of Cambridge test, (a sub test of CANTAB). There was a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 on measures of BIS. On SOC, significant differences were obtained on sub-components of Mean Subsequent Thinking Time and Problems Solved in Minimum Moves. The findings of this study suggest that impulsivity more present in patients with BPAD than normal subjects. Read more Get Access
Subjective well-being in relation to emotional intelligence and values among different professionals Page: 248-252 O. P. Sharma, Vandana Choudhary, Mridula Pal Singh, Deepika Vijay, Mangi Lal (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) (Department of Home Science, Govt. College, Khetri, Rajasthan) (Counselor, Delhi) (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) (Department of Psychology, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan) Main aim of this study was to find a correlation between emotional intelligence dimensions, values and subjective well- being among different professionals. This study took up a sample of 300 Different Professionals 100 Doctors, 100 Lecturers and 100 Engineers (age range 35 to 50 years) with balanced number of males and females from Jaipur city. The tools used were Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1997); Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al., 1985); Emotional Quotient Test (EQ Test) (Chaddha & Singh, 2001); and Type of Values Questionnaire (Rokeach, 1973). Data collected is then computed and correlation was found between all the variables. Further Multiple Regression Analysis was also computed. The results found showed a positive correlation between subjective well-being and emotional intelligence, values and satisfaction with life among different professionals. And also it was found that Emotional Intelligence, Values and Satisfaction with Life are significant predictors of Subjective Well-being in Different Professionals Doctors, Lecturers and Engineers. Read more Get Access
Antecedents of job performance among teachers: A theoretical perspective Page: 253-257 Almaas Sultana and Vijay Kumar Chechi (Department of Education, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab) Teachers have eminent role in nurturing, educating and developing young brains. The young brains directly or indirectly contribute in building up of an entirely new and growing world so the role of a teacher has evolved from merely being teacher-centered to student centered. Considering the importance of job performance of teachers at different levels of schools, study aims to explore the various predictors as well as dimensions of job performance at various levels of schools viz. elementary, secondary and higher secondary. The study provides insight of predictors of job performance among teachers of elementary, secondary and higher education level. Read more Get Access
Subjective well-being in relation to emotional intelligence and values among doctors Page: 258-262 O. P. Sharma, Vandana Choudhary, Mridula Pal Singh, Deepika Vijay, and Mangi Lal (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) (Department of Home Science, Govt. College, Khetri, Rajasthan) (Counselor, Delhi) (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) (Department of Psychology, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan) Subjective well-being, emotional intelligence and values among professionals or in this case doctors are a very significant aspect of any professional's career and personality. Values predict our behavior and decisions and emotional intelligence is also very important part of subjective well-being. This study took up 100 doctors from Jaipur city. The tools used were Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1997); Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al., 1985); Emotional Quotient Test (EQ Test) (Chaddha & Singh, 2001) and Type of Values Questionnaire (Rokeach, 1973). Data collected is then computed and correlation was found between all the variables. The results found showed a positive correlation between subjective well being and emotional intelligence and partial positive correlation between values and satisfaction with life Read more Get Access
Effect of coping strategies on social stigma: A study of persons with HIV Page: 263-267 Lalita, Sandeep Singh, and Amit (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) HIV is a life-threatening disease that once make a person infected, continues to attack the immune system of a person and makes it weak even to such an extent that person does not remain as capable as to fight against even an ordinary diseases. This study aims to understand the relationship between ways of coping processes and social stigma among 159 persons having HIV who were diagnosed before six months. As a screening test, General Health Questionnaire was administered. After that, Ways of Coping Questionnaire and Social Stigma were administered to measure ways of coping processes and social stigma of the persons. Descriptive Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were applied for the statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis of the data showed that there was significant negative correlation between Distancing and Social Stigma (r=-0.17), Positive Reappraisal and Social Stigma (r=-0.24), Planful Problem Solving and Social Stigma (r=-0.23). Read more Get Access
Socio-economic impact of urbanisation on peripheral villages of Sonipat city: Observation from Haryana state Page: 268-274 Sandeep Kumar (Post Graduate Teacher (Geography), AMSSS, Bhiwani Rohilla, Hisar, Haryana) Socio-economic characteristics are the most important features to examine the development level of any area. The study discusses the impacts of land acquisition on socio-economic conditions of the peripheral villages of the Sonipat city, Haryana. A primary survey has been conducted to analyse the impacts of urbanization on socio-economic conditions of the residents. During field observation, simple random sampling has been adopted and the information has been collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Results reflect that there is a lack of higher education and only 18.91 percent respondents are highly qualified. A psychological feeling of brotherhood in the society has been declined because of increasing cash prices of the agricultural land, as well as the feeling of superiority to each other. There is also a drastic change in the family types and joints families are converting in to nuclear ones along with emergence of extended families. While observation more than 85 percent respondents of all social groups have admitted that there is a positive change in the status of women after urbanisation and it has generated a supportive environment for them. It has been unearthed that in post urbanization, with the increase of employment opportunities there is also a modification in occupational structure. Primary activities are declined as a result of sharp increase in secondary and service sector activities. All social groups have made a clear statement of the view that increase in household facilities is one of significant positive results of post urbanization period. Read more Get Access
The relationship between extrovert and ambivert with emotional adjustment and social adjustment of adolescents Page: 275-279 Preeti Masih (Department of Psychology, St. John's College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh) The study has been undertaken to investigate to determine the relation between extrovert and ambivert personality types with emotional and social adjustment of teenagers. To determine this Social Adjustment Inventory and Extroversion-Introversion Test (EIT) was used. The sample size was 216; 194 extroverts and 22 Ambiverts. All subjects were selected from several intermediate colleges of Agra. The study being expost facto, subjects were selected as per purposive sampling. There is significant negative correlation between extrovert and emotional adjustment of the participants. There is significant correlation between extrovert and social adjustment of adolescents. There is no significant correlation between ambivert and emotional adjustment of teenagers. There is no significant correlation between ambivert and social adjustment of selected sample. Extroverts are found to be better socially adjusted. As the level of extroversion increases emotional adjustment decreases of adolescents. Ambivalent are not found to be good in social adjustment. Ambivalent adolescents are not found to be better emotionally adjusted. Read more Get Access
The Role of Governor and article 356 Page: 284-287 Vikas Chaudhry (Department of Law, CR Law College, Hisar, Haryana) Article 356 of the Constitution was one of the most keenly debated and discussed in the Constituent Assembly. In the words of Dr. Ambedkar “such articles will never be called into operation and that they would remain a dead letter". The Founding Fathers apprehended that, if and when it would be misused, it would violate not merely the federal character of the polity envisaged by them but also make a mockery of democratic principles. It seems that they were very much sure that the provision of the article would not be used to strengthen the corporative federalism but it would be used in resolving the ministerial crisis in the State.2 As observed by Shiban Lal Saksena “I feel that by these articles we are reducing the autonomy of the States to a farce. These articles will reduce the State Governments to great subservience to the Central Government". Read more Get Access

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