Page: 129-131

Iftikhar Arshad (Department of Arts (History), Prabhudhan Degree College, Bhorugram, Rajgarh, Churu, Rajasthan)

In recent years, environmental preservation has risen to prominence as a subject of paramount importance on the global agenda. Respect for human rights and care for the environment are interdependent and mutually beneficial. It is essential to thoroughly investigate the connection between these two concepts in order to develop a more sustainable ecology. On the issue of health, human rights and environmental law may find common ground. Many international treaties and conventions have been signed during the last four decades to protect human rights and the environment, expanding on the work begun at the Stockholm Conference in 1973. Because of poverty and a lack of resources to protect human rights, the environment is under significant stress. This article will examine human rights' influence on environmental law and the court's role in developing environmental jurisprudence. The article continues by discussing the numerous treaties and initiatives signed by international organizations and states to safeguard human rights and improve environmental quality. The article also analyzes the government's response, as well as the courts' interpretation of international accords and laws.

Page: 134-136

Reena (Doctorate in Economics, Chanot, Hisar, Haryana)

The gravity model is a common practice base transportation costs on the distance travelled. Flow volumes and population size have a positive association, and there exists a negative association in distance and trade, i.e., when the two places in trade are separated by a great distance. Therefore, population size has a positive relation and distance has a negative relation. Empirical research also suggests that distance appears to reduce the total volume of trade in a country, and the gravity model shows the reverse relation. The present paper reviews understanding the gravity model and trade across countries.

Page: 141-143

Renu (Department of Psychology, Government PG College, Sec-1, Panchkula, Haryana)

Social intelligence is the ability of an individual to comprehend the feelings and emotions of other individuals and respond according to the situations in everyday life. Social intelligence is necessary for leading a successful life in society. According to Edward Thorndike," social intelligence is the ability to understand and manage men and women and girls, to act wisely in human relations". Therefore, understanding social intelligence in everyday life is very important to make healthy relations and avoid unhealthy and negative relationships. The present paper is focused on various aspects of social intelligence and how to improve it in everyday life.

Page: 390-395
Mohammad Khalid Khawrin (Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Kunduz University, Afghanistan)

Internet users are boosting daily. Gujarat University students surf the internet daily for 5 hours and 36 minutes. It is most important to elaborate on the cyberbullying behavior with gender difference, age, and daily internet surfing association to highlight the misusing point of the internet. This study was conducted by voluntary students at the Gujarat University from (130) sample of both genders (69, 61) respectively. Random sampling design was used. Data was collected through the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory-II (RCBI-II) which is a standardized scale. Its reliability was rechecked for cyberbullying and cyber victim (.791, .840) respectively. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Independent Samples t-test methods were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that daily Internet surfing was significantly correlated with cyberbullying and cyber victim behavior (p <.000, p=.016) respectively. Besides, age also proved a significant relationship between cyberbullying and cyber victim (p=.023, p=.001) respectively. Similarly, the gender difference was significantly important in cyberbullying behavior (p = .010).

Page: 403-408
Shyla Thomas Puthusserry1 and Clarissa F. Delariarte2 (Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines1,2 and Far Eastern University, Philippines2, De La Salle University, Philippines2)

After the widespread of COVID-19, the stressful situation negatively affected the women's menstrual cycle and increased the severity of the premenstrual syndrome. This qualitative study presents evidence of young women's perceptions and experiences of Premenstrual dysphoric symptoms, which may support the provision of individualized health care during stressful conditions. Purpose. We use simple thematic analysis to explore young college students' constructions about the subjective experiences of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Method. A qualitative, semi-structured interview study was conducted in the Karnataka state of India. After the initial screening process of 400 college students randomly selected, ten were included in personal interviews, and eight participated in focus group discussions. Results. Five global themes emerged from the thematic analysis. The identified themes are further labeled as cognitive, emotional, behavioral, physical, Social, and Cultural issues. These themes suggested that young women experiencing PMDD symptoms have limited knowledge about the individual variability of menstrual experiences. Only a few participants are aware of the differences between PMS and PMDD. Most of them are unwilling to take any antidepressant medication and hesitate to visit the health care unit because of the stigma, social differentiation, and fear of the side effect of drugs. Most young women reported that premenstrual phenomena negatively affect their daily life, mainly their academic performances and social relationships. And during COVID-19, symptoms increased, and many said suicidal thoughts and confused mental status. Conclusions. Young female college students are the most affected group due to premenstrual disorder. People in our society need to be educated about the negative impact of social and cultural stigma related to menstruation-related issues. We hope authorities will develop appropriate strategies and intervention programs to treat premenstrual-related problems as early as possible.

Page: 412-415
Noorulhaq Seddiqi and Ahmad Atef (Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Education, Herat University, Afghanistan)

The purpose is to investigate the relationship between Teaching professional skills and teaching effectiveness in math subjects among primary school teachers in Herat City. The research population is the primary school teachers of Herat city. A sample size of 448 primary school teachers has been assessed with a self-assessment scale, and 48 teachers have been observed during their teaching process. The findings indicate there are issues in skills development teaching methods. Providing continuous training for teachers to make them coordinate with education goals and methods is inevitable. The research findings also showed that the teachers do not relate the teaching material to the students' real life as much as expected. Furthermore, teachers often try to convey the course content to students through a passive method instead of guiding students and motivating them to hypothesize, creative thinking, and solve problems. On the other hand, teacher training programs and in-service education do not have a close relationship with teaching modern theories. Therefore, the programs and methods need to be reviewed and revised.

Page: 422-426
Lavanya, A., Varsha Rani, Veenu Sangwan, and Pragati Godara (Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a whole grain that is gluten-free and rich in nutrients, which has increased the popularity of goods based on it. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) is a vital nutritious crop and is mostly used for porridge-like traditional foods. Most cereals and starch-based foods can benefit from adding soybean (Glycine max) as a source of high-quality, low-cost protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids to increase the quantity and quality of their protein content. Although low in sulphur, it contains the amino acids methionine and cysteine and is rich in calcium, iron, and several B vitamins. Therefore, this present study aims to optimize the level of incorporation of teff, sorghum and soybean grain and flour blends to prepare value-added traditional foods such as injera, porridge and malt-based porridge through evaluation of organoleptic acceptability. The control, type I, type II and type III formulations were developed using teff, sorghum and soybean blends. The result suggests that blending teff, sorghum, and soybean in a ratio of 50:30:20 significantly improved sensory quality and fell in the group of “liked very much”. These types of traditional food preparations can be eaten and liked by all age groups. This present study showed that the blending ratio and processing conditions such as soaking, fermentation and malting involved in traditional food preparations like injera, porridge and malt porridge significantly influenced sensory characteristics of blended grain or flour and also improved the sensory quality of developed foods.

Page: 430-432
Vandana Sharma1 and Niyati Garg2 (Department of Psychology, S.D. (P.G.) College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh1 and Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh2)

When an individual responds and decide things on the basis of one's internal cues without being affected by social surroundings or perceptions it is called Field independence. The aim of the present research work was to analyse the difference between college students who were high or low field independent with regard to their level of psychological distress. A sample of 180 college students from Meerut city, India was taken for the present study. Spiritual Intelligence Scale by Singh, Singh, and Kaur (2010) and C.M.I. Health Questionnaire by Wig, Pershad, and Verma (1983) were used to measure Field Independence and Psychological Distress respectively and t-test was used to analyze the difference between two groups .It was observed that students who scored higher on field independence have scored lower on all the dimensions as well as psychological distress as a whole. Difference between high and low field- independent groups was found significant at .05 level of confidence with regard to depression, anxiety, sensitivity and anger while inadequacy, tension and psychological distress as a whole were found significant at .01 level of confidence. The Result suggested that students with high field independence were found significantly less psychologically distressed in terms of inadequacy, depression, anxiety, sensitivity, anger and tension.

Page: 437-441
Vinod and Punam Midha (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Youth culture is glorified which is indeed empowered by social media which has created digital natives whose wealth laden mindset is very much prevalent, who are miraculously under the influence of social media, which no doubt shapes their pattern of behaviour. Nowadays the challenges of social media in terms of promoting social illnesses are increasing rapidly. With these notions in mind, the present study is an attempt to assess affluenza, usage of social media and to explore the role of social media in cultivating affluenza among young adults. A purposive sample of students ranging from 20-22 years from Delhi NCR was taken and data were statistically analysed. The findings revealed the moderate level of affluenza among youth and high level of usage of social media where maximum usage is reflected in the domain of information followed by academics, entertainment and least for socialization. Further correlation analyses indicated that there existed positive significant moderate level of link between affluenza and usage of social media. The maximum positive relationship between the socialization has been found with affluenza thereby indicating that interaction with others may primarily serve as a major source of affluenza. The current findings have unravelled the hidden adverse impact of usage of social media on adults' mind.

Page: 450-457
Mansi Phogat and Tarannum Mohan (Punjabi University Regional Centre for IT and Management, Mohali, Punjab)

Future advancements in technology, particularly smart fitness devices, are vital to the future of health and general well-being. Wearable technology is growing at a rapid pace from developed countries to developing countries. Using various ideas and approaches, researchers from a range of fields have examined how consumers are embracing wearable devices like smartwatches. In an effort to understand how consumer behaviour differs on the basis of various factors associated with wearable technology like its affordability, lifestyle, demography and its adoption and purchase we analysed various research papers. The goals of this article are to review the research on consumers' acceptance of wearable technology and various theories applied and to pinpoint the elements that affected consumers' choices to adopt these technologies.

Page: 462-465
Shreya Mohan (Innocent Hearts School, Green Model Town, Jalandhar, Punjab)

Growing concern over the health and safety concerns of underage sex has prompted calls for increased initiatives to teach sex education in schools. Teenagers engage in harmful practices and suffer the consequences because of a lack of sex education. It would be foolish, if not reckless, to try to deny that truth. Why deny teenagers the information they need to stay healthy and avoid getting pregnant too soon if it will help them avoid the negative effects of not receiving sexual education? Despite major advances in science, the implementation of sex education in modern schools is hampered by cultural, political, and systemic constraints that strongly influence many layers of teenagers' environments. Knowledge among adolescent females regarding sexual and reproductive health issues is mandatory to ensure their healthy growth, both mentally and physically, by various agents of socialization, mainly parents and teachers, to prepare them for pubertal transition. Healthcare experts such as psychologists, counselors, social workers, and psychiatrists can be useful in achieving this goal. Women's health-related policies need to be formed, and sexual education in schools needs to be mandatory. This paper highlights some of the opportunities, intentions to provide relevant sexuality education for young people, potentially exacerbating confusion and individuals who do not conform to societal stereotypes of sex, gender, and ability.

Page: 470-472
C.A. Shashikala1 and S. Azmal, Basha2 (Research & Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu1 and Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara Art College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh2)

The study was to examine the effectiveness of some behavioral techniques on anxiety, anger and problem-solving skills among adolescent girls. World Health Report (2001) says “Adolescence is a stage of immense turmoil in emotional as well as behavioral spheres. Information load, high expectations of parents and teachers, peer pressure to perform well, unrealistic ambitions and competitiveness are some of the significant sources of stress which create tension, fear, anger and anxiety.” Anger can be the consequence of repressed emotions, i.e. individual's unwillingness to express or deal with a problem or relationship. The fear of conflict could lead to avoidance and anxiety. Hence, problem-solving skill is important to cope up with anger and anxiety. Thus, reducing the anger and anxiety and upgrading problem-solving skills was the main objective of the study. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger et al., 1983) was used to assess the level of anxiety of participants. In order to determine the level of anger, State Anger Scale (Spielberger, 1971) and Ideational Fluency Test (Ganesan, 1985) was used to approach the problem-solving skills. The study consisted of ten adolescent girls who were studying in various schools in and around Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Pre-intervention assessment of anxiety, anger and problem-solving skills were assessed by using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State Anger Scale and Ideational Fluency Test. The subjects were directed with the Behaviour Technology Module. The study results after eight weeks showed that there was statistically considerable difference between the before and after of intervention scores. The result indicated that the subject showed significant reduction in anxiety and anger. There was a convincing development in the level of creativity and problem-solving skills.

Page: 478-481
Muskan Goel1 and Nayanika Singh2 (Psychology student, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32, Chandigarh1 and Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Sector-26, Chandigarh, Govt. of Punjab2)

After facing the pandemic for more than two years, the world has become a place of physical, emotional, mental and social turmoil. No one could imagine that Covid-19 will affect the whole world and people will be challenged emotionally. The pandemic has given lifetime emotional scars to many people even children couldn't escape from this when someone goes through this type of emotional trauma then one must recognize the techniques and strategies of emotional resilience to cope up with a such crisis. Emotional resilience is being able to bounce back from stress, challenge, tragedy, trauma or adversity. When children are resilient, they are braver, more curious, more adaptable, and more able to extend their reach into the world. Emotional resilient people are able to manage a range of their emotions, adjust well to transitions, show high tolerance for frustration, and can deal with or manage whatever situation they are facing. Keeping this in mind the aim of the present chapter is to highlight and discuss the various techniques and strategies to empower school children emotionally through emotional resilience.