Page: 284-287
Renu Yadav and Sheetal (Department of Education, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Pali, Haryana)

The present study is an attempt to investigate the Job performance among women teachers in Higher education institutions. Purposive sampling technique was used for data collection. A sample of 110 women teachers working in Government and private degree colleges were selected for the study. Self-made questionnaire on Job performance scale was used to collect the data from teachers in higher education. The result of the study by using principal component analysis indicates that team spirit is the principal component that affects job performance of women teacher in higher education. Job security is also crucial in determining job performance of women teachers in higher education institutions in Haryana.

Page: 291-294
सुरेश कुमार (History NET, Barwala Hisar, Haryana)
1857 के विद्रोह को ही भारत की स्वतंत्रता हेतु प्रथम स्वतन्त्रता संग्राम माना जाता है। यह विद्रोह सफल रहा या नहीं, इसकी प्रति क्या थी, इसका विस्तार व मूल लक्ष्य क्या था, ये सब विषय इतिहासकारों को माथापच्ची कराते रहते हैं, किन्तु यह निर्विवाद है कि इसके बाद से भारत की स्वतंत्रता तक के भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन व सशस्त्र संघर्ष में भी, 1857 के विद्रोह ने हमारे क्रांतिकारियों का पथ प्रदर्शन किया है। इस क्रांति में हमारे वीर पुरखों ने तो अपना सर्वस्व बलिदान किया ही, हमारी वीरांगनाओं ने भी जो रोमहर्षक बलिदान किए, जो त्याग किए, और वीरता के जो कीर्तिमान स्थापित किए, वे न केवल भारतीय नारी के लिए, अपितु सम्पूर्ण नारी जाति के लिए भी अनुकरणीय आदर्श प्रस्तुत करते हैं। रानी लक्ष्मीबाई, बेगम हजरत महल, रानी द्रौपदी बाई, अवन्तीबाई लाधो, यदि राज परिवारों की महिलाओं का प्रतिनिधित्व करती हैं तो वीर नारी झलकारी बाई, उदा देवी, अजीजन बाई, आदि वीरांगनाएँ भारत के पिछड़े समाज से आने वाली महिलाओं के गौरव का प्रतीक हैं।

Pages: 275-280

Annamma Thomas Arrackal1 and Lucila Ortiz Bance2 (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines1, and Department of Clinical Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines2)

Pathological use of the internet is 21st centuries epidemic. Its pathological nature causes an inability in controlling its use among the users and is often connected with severe impairments in the various domains of human life such as academic, daily functioning, and, satisfaction in the physical, psychological and interpersonal relationships. Subsequently, the affected person suffers from a diminished quality of life. As there is a felt need for early intervention for adolescents with pathological internet use and low quality of life, the researcher developed the 'Self-regulation and Quality of Life Intervention Program (SQOLIP) conjoining the Cognitive Model of Pathological Internet Use, Mindfulness-based Self-regulation, and, the techniques of Reality Therapy. A team of six experts from various disciplines in the field validated the intervention and pilot tested its utility with ten adolescents identified with pathological internet use and low quality of life. The outcome of the study justifies the effectiveness of the intervention by significantly reducing pathological use of the internet and enhancing the quality of life of the participants.

Pages: 286-296

S. Deepak Kumar and N. Annalakshmi (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

For decades, studies have frequently identified and highlighted the challenges single women face, including problems related to work, rearing children, maintaining the health of family members, and economic burdens. The present study aims to identify and explore the psychosocial risk factors among single women. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 single women (i.e., widowed/ divorced/ separated) from a mid-sized city in South India. The themes that emerged represented the risk factors that thwart the positive adaptation of single women: being single, rumination over experiences from the past, negative responses of parents to the marital issues, lack of empathy and support from extended family, lack of support and negative behavior from the ex-spouse and his family after marital dissolution, physical and psychological health issues after marital dissolution, economic challenges, challenges in rearing child as a single woman, social challenges, challenges with colleagues in the workplace, and maladaptive responses to challenges. Further research should focus on developing effective interventions or training programmes to single women that promote healthy adaptation and development in the face of adversity.

Pages: 302-307

Pankti Galia, Shrinidhi Karole, Renuka Kavishwar, Vainavi Kumta, and Mahimna Vyas (Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra)

With the help of this review paper, we aimed to expand upon the existing research on resilience and post-traumatic growth in the context of environments of occupations, war, and war-like situations, and across cultures. Previous research on PTG and resilience was limited, hence there is a need to understand the impact of resilience and the importance of PTG. The review is a detailed study of PTG and resilience across domains and how it is different within and between different populations. It is found to be true that in war or war-like situations as well as among different occupations that high levels of resilience were associated with the lowest posttraumatic growth. However, it also depends on individual differences, perceived social support, and the longevity of exposure to the traumatic event. Cultural factors are linked with resilience and PTG which helps to deal with traumatic situations.

Pages: 311-315

Meenu Singh, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Every advance in technology brings a change in the social environment to which man has to adopt in the form of modification of customs and traditions. A massive range of ladies is running in agriculture and acting strenuous duties. The majority of the rural and allied sports have been perceived as tough to carry out by the farm ladies. Drudgery-decreasing gear and devices are proved to be a boon for farm ladies. These gear and devices decreased the drudgery of farm ladies in addition to multiplying their performance and painting output. Working in higher postures additionally reduced the superiority of musculoskeletal issues amongst farm ladies. Technological improvements have been the motive at the back of the drastic modifications in all spheres of ladies' existence. Women have the capacity to mold themselves in keeping with each situation; she has to satisfy all of the necessities in their day-by-day existence. Technological gear reduced the workload of ladies. The power load dropping has no far-accomplishing consequences on ladies' lives inside the village. The technological development and agricultural home equipment inside the village have decreased the exertions of each lady and men and multiplied the productiveness that leads the village in the direction of prosperity and development. To study the adoption of drudgery technology by farm women, it is necessary to study the awareness and perception of women. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the perception of rural women about drudgery reducing technology. The study was conducted in two cultural zones, Hisar from Bagar and Mahandragarh from Ahirwal zone were selected. The study was conducted on 320 rural farm women who were selected randomly from Hisar I, Hisar II and Mahandragarh, Kanina Blocks.It was found that on average 22.2 percent of respondents were having a high level of perception about drudgery reducing technologies whereas 73.1 percent were having moderate and 4.7 percent were having alow level of perception.

Pages: 321-324

Mahmood Shafiq and Abdul Basir Nasiri (Department of Tafsir, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Herat University, Herat Afghanistan)

Bid'at in religion has caused the practice of the prophetic tradition to disappear in Islamic societies and heresies to be promoted in society instead of Islamic traditions because performing heresies instead of worship causes misguidance and depravity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce Bid'at to people to get acquainted with its negative consequences. The question of the current research is what is Bid'at in religion? Is Bid'at good and bad? Who is the Bid'at initiator? And what are the negative effects of Bid'at on its initiator? The purpose of this study is to explain the concept of Bid'at in religion and its adverse effects on the Bid'at initiator. This is a qualitative literature review research based on Islamic scripts and valid scientific sources have been used. The results of this research have shown that Bid'at refers to creating a way and method worshiping in religion, similar to the way and method of Sharia to approach Almighty God. A Bid'at initiator is someone who creates something of his own in religion. There is a great deal of disagreement about whether or not to divide Bid'at into goodness and badness, and each party provided reasons to substantiate its claim, which is examined in this article and the preferred promise is specified. Creating Bid'at in religion has many negative effects on the innovator, the most important of which are mentioned in this article.

Pages: 329-332
Sarita1, Deepak Kumar2, and Arjun Sharma3 (Department of Psychology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana1,2 and Department of Psychology, Government College Mandi Hariya, Charkhi Dadri, Haryana3)

Death is the final destination of each living being and it gives meaning to life. Death anxiety means overwhelming fears of one's own death which distract us to live in present fully (Yalom, 1980) while adjustment refers to fulfilling the demands of the situation or environment by implementing suitable behavior patterns (Good, 1959). The present research is attempted to explore the relationship between death anxiety and adjustment among youth. The study sample consists of 100 college students aged 20 to 25 from MD University, Rohtak, Haryana. The scale of Adjustment Inventory by Ojha (2006) an Indian adaptation of the Bells adjustment inventory, and the Death anxiety scale by Chouhan and Tiwari (1971) was used for the present study. The results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between social and emotional adjustment while there is no significant relationship between home and health adjustment with death anxiety. Therefore, initiatives can be taken by universities to reduce death anxiety and increase adjustment among youth, psychoeducation can be a way for this purpose.

Pages: 338-341
Anulipi Agrawal1 and Charu Vyas2 (Department of Psychology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan1 and Department of Home-Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan2)

Life these days is increasingly driven by competition, resulting in stress, dissatisfaction, and lack of fulfillment. Young adulthood is a unique, and critical period of development in which unmet wants, and responsibility takes place. Meditation is a universal technique that clears one's mind and connects one's inner energy to the universal energy, and leads to the pure joy of being one with universal consciousness and experiencing unlimited peace and happiness. There are many different techniques of meditation, like taichi meditation, mindfulness meditation, concentrative meditation, Zen meditation, preksha meditation, etc. Among these, samarpan meditation is a technique that comes from the Himalayas in 1994 by Shree Shivkrupanand Swami and now this technique has been spread to the entire world. This unique technique is free of cost and anybody can easily get benefit from it. Earlier, the meditation practice was followed according to the religious context only. On the contrary, this technique is now experienced according to the spiritual and philosophical context of a human and is applied for the promotion of their well-being. This paper describes the effectiveness of meditation techniques on young adults, including the physical, psychological, social, and mental benefits.

Pages: 345-353
Sonali Saini (Department of Psychology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, Haryana)

Psychology is deeply concerned with the study of human behavior which analyzes the factors that lead a person to behave in a certain manner across different social occasions. It also studies the similarities and differences in human behavior that result from various social constructs. As our behavior is influenced by the thoughts behind it, it is very important to study social cognition which shapes our behavior in social settings. Though a lot of research has been done in the field of social cognition, not many of them have focused on our thoughts about those cognition, i.e., metacognition. Therefore, this paper aims at explaining the relationship between social cognition and metacognition. For this purpose, the paper has been divided into different sections. The first section of the paper gives an introduction to social cognition and metacognition; the second section describes various measurement techniques and scales use to assess metacognition and social cognition; the third section deals with their importance in various settings; and the fourth section proclaims the relationship between metacognition and social cognition. Post review, it can be concluded that though metacognition plays a primary role in the formation, explanation, and alteration of social cognition, not much research has been conducted in this field. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more research to inspect the relationship between these two constructs so that it can be further applied to various fields including education, health, development, etc.

Pages: 360-365
Ayushi Mishra, Richik Sil, Visha Patel, Yashaswini Devanathan, and Mahimna Vyas (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Duality of human nature has often been the centre of numerous works of art. However, what has been relatively hidden is the underlying duality in the makers. Starting from Greek philosopher Aretaeus of Cappadocia's notes which mention mania and melancholia as two manifestations of the same ailment in the 1st century B.C (Angst & Marneros, 2001). However, the modern conceptualization of bipolarity as a disorder was done by Emil Kraepelin (Bar & Ebert, 2010), and named it “manic-depressive insanity". One of the seminal works about the link of bipolar disorder, the manic phase to be more precise; was written by Lloyd-Evans et al. (2006) that has partly inspired this undertaking. There is a persevering belief in western communities that creativity and the manic phases of bipolar disorder are somehow linked. That has been investigated in this paper. While there are some beneficial effects of unfiltered stimuli entering brain during the manic phase on creativity, no definite causal relation between bipolar disorder and creativity has been found.

Pages: 370-375
Shubh Rana and Mahimna Vyas (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Maharashtra)

This review involves an in-depth look at the available literature on Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD), a compulsive condition of creating fake scenarios that lead to immense distress and issues in various domains of life. The fake scenarios are continuous and are initiated by music, image, and speech. Neuro-biologically, the cognitive activities associated with this condition have their bases in the default mode network of the brain. On one hand, MD promotes creativity, future planning, and self-awareness but on the other hand, it makes it hard to engage in daily activities fully by creating performance issues and distractions. Psycho-dynamically, an Ambivalent-fearful type attachment style can be seen in maladaptive daydreamers. In certain cases, this condition might take the form of celebrity worship and reality shifting. Keeping the severity and issues created by this condition in our mind, we have carefully explored the peripheral facets of Maladaptive Daydreaming to reach to its core.

Pages: 379-381
Ayisha Rahna K.P. and R. Nithya (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Tribes have their own way of life, culture, and methods of living, but despite this, they continue to face long-standing social and economic hardships. While there are growing worries about their socio-economic issues, their understanding of psychosocial issues is not thoroughly examined. The current study is conducted to identify and consolidate the psychological and social difficulties faced by tribal adolescents through existing literature.30 empirical research papers were reviewed for understanding the issues. Results revealed that tribal students are facing many psycho-social challenges in their lives. Tribal students have low levels of Self-esteem, Psychological Hardiness, Achievement needs, Social and Psychological Issues, behavioral problems, academic achievement, and self-confidence compared to their counterparts. There is a need for structuring and implementing interventions to enhance the psycho-social skills of tribal students.