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Pages: 28-30
Shallu Rana and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I. C College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The development of reading and writing skills during the early years is vital for sound foundation of learning among children. There is ample amount of research backed evidence which suggest that emergent literacy skills facilitates the seamless transition of child to formal learning environment and understanding of new concepts. The assessment was carried out on 400 rural children from the six government schools of Hisar and Fatehabad district of Haryana state. The results of mean comparison as per mother's education highlights that no significant mean difference was observed among children's reading and writing skills. Significant mean differences existed among children's reading writing skills when compared as per father's education. Children whose fathers were more educated than others had higher scores in aspects like vocabulary, visual perception and copying test.

Keywords: parental education, reading-writing skills, school children
Pages: 28-30 Shallu Rana and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I. C…
Pages: 23-27
Michael P. Vallavanthra (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

The empirical result of the study shows that there is no significant difference between the professional and non-professional college students with respect to the styles of thinking. A total number of 120 college students are taken for the study including 60 professional and 60 non-professional males and females in equal proportion. Thinking Style Inventory [TSI] of Sternberg (1997) is used for the study. The inventory measures 13 different styles of thinking. They are legislative, judicial, executive, monarchic, hierarchic, oligarchic, anarchic, internal, external, global, local, liberal, and conservative thinking styles. The comparative evaluation on the basis of statistical analysis reads that professional college students are not better in thinking styles compared to non-professional college students. Only in the case of legislative style of thinking there is interactive effect between course (education) and the style of thinking at .005 level.

Keywords: thinking styles, professional college students, non - professional college students
Pages: 23-27 Michael P. Vallavanthra (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)
Pages: 18-22
R. Ranjith Kannan and A. Rohini (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)
S. Angles (Agricultural College and Research Institute, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu)
D. Murugananthi (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

India is largest producer of medicinal and herbal plants after China and has about 2000 species of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants form the main base for the manufacture of drugs of Indian Systems of Medicine. There is a growing choice for typical and plant-based medicinal merchandise throughout the globe. The present study was undertaken to analyse the production and marketing of Coleus in Tamil Nadu. Salem district has been selected purposively based on area under cultivation of Coleus. Attur block of Salem district was chosen based on this crop area and 40 farmers selected at random as sample respondents. 12 market intermediaries were contacted for data collection. Analysis of Cost and Returns and Marketing Efficiency, Markovian analysis and Rank Based Quotient were the tools employed. Total cost of cultivation of coleus was one lakh. Three different channels prevailed in the study region. The marketing channel III was found to be most efficient channel for the farmers with the higher efficiency ratio. Inadequate quantity of produce and high wage rate were the major constraints. Regarding the direction of trade in coleus, USA was found to be stable importer of herbal extract and coleus extract. Coleus has huge potential both in domestic and international markets and remunerative to the farmers.

Keywords: medicinal plants, coleus, production, marketing, export
Pages: 18-22 R. Ranjith Kannan and A. Rohini (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu…
Pages: 14-17
Nidhi (Department of Business Management, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Saurabh (D.N. College, Hisar, Haryana)
Suman Ghalawat and Sunita Mehla (Department of Business Management, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

With the increasing usage of internet, online shopping is growing rapidly and it is preferred by large number of consumer for satisfying their needs. For this consumers have number of online platforms from which they make their online purchase. While making purchase decision on online platforms there are number of factors that influence them to buy the product from particular site. So this study has been conducted to identify the different factors which influence the consumer. In this study factor analysis technique is used to achieve the objective of the research. In this study primary data has been collected with the help of structured questionnaire from 100 respondents of Hisar city. By using factor analysis, it has been found that there are basically four main factors which influence the consumer to purchase online product. These factors are: Media Form, Buying Force, Sales Promotion and Test Marketing. Out of these four factor media form is one of the most important factor which influence the consumer. The Cronbach Alpha value for these factors are 0.872, 0.836, and 0.804 which are highly significant. Thus it can be concluded that the different online platforms work more and more on these factors to influence the consumer.

Keywords: online shopping, factors, media form, buying force and test marketing
Pages: 14-17 Nidhi (Department of Business Management, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana) Saurabh (D.N. College, Hisar, Haryana) Suman Ghalawat and…
Pages: 09-13
Jitender Kumar Bhatia (Directorate of Human Resource Management, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Parveen Kumar Nimbrayan and Swamy H.M. (NASF Project (ICAR), DHRM, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The study was undertaken to examine the physical and financial performance of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in Haryana. The outcomes revealed that the number of households provided employment under MGNREGA has increased rapidly during the period 2008-19 respectively. The total funds available to the district administration and total expenditure incurred under have changed through time. Similarly, the percentage of expenditure to total funds available have shown an increasing trend. The number of job cards issued to rural households (RHH) more than five times in 2018-19 over 200809. The results conclusively revealed that the number of job seekers under this scheme has been increasing all through the study period. The results have highlighted increasing participation of women in MGNREGS. The income of the participating households working under scheme has been supplemented to large extent.

Keywords: MGNREGA, physical and financial performance, income
Pages: 09-13 Jitender Kumar Bhatia (Directorate of Human Resource Management, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana) Parveen Kumar Nimbrayan…
Pages: 06-08
Catherine Nazaryan and Fahima Jamiulahmadi (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan)

The mental illness is a disorder which appears with behavioral manifestations and significant discomfort and dysfunction caused by a biological perturbation, social, physical and genetics and other related issues. We are living in a country that most of the people have witnessed war for more than four dictates, therefore people has been suffering lots of problems in different aspects of their lives. One of which is mental disorders, the government of Afghanistan and the international organizations have revealed that most of the citizens in this country are facing mental health problems. The statistical report shows that mental health issues among Afghans are increasing day by day. The purpose of this study is to reveal the impacts of parent's mental illness on their children's math learning at primary schools in Herat city. The study was conducted from 30 elementary schools which are located in different districts in Herat city, it is a selective method, and the study is conducted on 450 students whose are dealing with mental health issues. To obtain information on their math learning status, their grades in subject were obtained from the department. There are a lot of factors which impact on their learning; the main factor which we focused was their parent's mental illness, which we pretend to be effective on the math learning. The result of the study indicates that there was significant difference between the scores of those parents are mentally well and those who are having mental illness, it also shows that those families which were high populated and low populated had significant difference.

Keywords: mental illness, math learning, schools, Herat province
Pages: 06-08 Catherine Nazaryan and Fahima Jamiulahmadi (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Herat University, Herat…
Pages: 01-05
Fatima A. Nadaf (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka)
Manjula Patil (Jr, Scientist, AICRP (CD), MARS, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka)

Social maturity means knowing what to do and striving for it by following role models to reach the desired level of acceptable social behavior. Personality comprised of pattern of feelings, thoughts, and activities that distinguishes one person from another. A study was conducted to examine the influence of social maturity on personality traits of urban and rural high school students. Randomly drawn 480 students studying in 8th, 9th and 10th classes of Kannada medium Government and private aided high schools of urban and rural areas constitute the sample for the study. Social maturity of students was assessed by using social maturity scale by Rao (2000) and personality traits of students was assessed by using million adolescent personality inventory by (Millon et al., 2004). On analysis, results revealed that, majority of the urban and rural high school students showed moderate behavior on social maturity and it was higher for urban students than for rural students. Significant differences was found on introversive, inhibited, cooperative, respectful and sensitive personality traits among urban and rural high school students. There was a significant positive relationship between social maturity and personality traits (cooperative, confident & respectful personality traits) in urban area, such that, social maturity enhances the positive personality development in students. In rural students, social maturity was positively correlated with confident personality trait and negatively correlated with introversive and sensitive personality trait, indicates, social maturity enables the quality of social engagement and enhance confidence in students.

Keywords: social maturity, personality traits, high school students
Pages: 01-05 Fatima A. Nadaf (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science…
Pages: 298-301
Davinder Singh, Prabhjot Kaur, and Pankaj Kumar (Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

A scale was developed to measure the attitude of farmers towards use of Laser Land Leveller Technology in agriculture. Likert's summated rating scale technique was followed for the construction of attitude scale. In the processes of forming the scale items used with reference to the experts' views, a total of 22 statements were selected and given to 48 adopter farmers of Laser Land Leveller technology in Punjab, India. The scale developed finally consisted of 19 statements including positive and negative statements. The reliability and validity of the scale indicates its precision and consistency of the results.
Pages: 298-301 Davinder Singh, Prabhjot Kaur, and Pankaj Kumar (Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University…
Pages: 296-297
Rekha Sapra (Department of Human Development and Family Empowerment Bharati College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The paper tries to explore concept formation in children from a cognitive perspective. The concept of Zone of Proximal Development from Vygotsky's cognitive theory has been adapted to promote concept formation in children. Most important objective of the educational system is to help children in their potential actualization. Based on my major research on social and emotional skills for children and conceptual development. A model has been developed to enhance motivation levels in children. The main objective in the present paper is to focus on concept attainment, enhancing self-esteem and motivating the child to perform well. De-emphasis on the grades, coupled with positive motivational strategies have been found to be of great help. Most children fail to try out techniques or answer in class because of the fear of failure. In the paper I am proposing a model in a concise form for confidence building and motivating children to perform better.
Pages: 296-297 Rekha Sapra (Department of Human Development and Family Empowerment Bharati College, University of Delhi…
Pages: 292-295
Kritika Dudeja and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was conducted purposively in Bhiwani district of Haryana state. Chang village from Bhiwani block was selected at random. Rural sample was selected from Chang village and urban sample from block headquarter, Bhiwani. One private and one government school was selected at random from rural and urban area. From each school 30 boys and 30 girls in the age group of 14 to 16 years were selected at random, thus, 60 children from each school. Total sample constituted of 240 children, 120 from rural area and 120 from urban area including 120 children from private and 120 from government schools, representing both the sexes in equal number. Parental involvement was explored using Parental Involvement scale by (Chauhan & Ganotra-Arora, 2001). Study habits of students were assessed by Study Habit scale developed by (Rani & Jaidka, 2015). Results revealed that about half of rural and majority of urban respondent perceived moderate level of parental involvement. Findings further showed that higher the parental involvement in study habits of their children, better were the study habits of children. There was significant association between parental involvement and overall study habits of children. Parental support and involvement in their children's education are crucial for children's success in school and their lives. This study will help in better understanding of relationship between parental involvement and study habits of school going children.
Pages: 292-295 Kritika Dudeja and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage…
Pages: 287-291
T. Nivetha, T. Samsai, and M. Kandeeban (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

India is an agricultural country with huge farming population depending heavily on agriculture and allied activities. Nearly 92 % of operational holdings in Tamil Nadu being small and marginal holdings they have limited capacity to mobilize credit, adopt latest technologies and add value to their agricultural produce. Market inefficiency that reduces the producers share in consumer's rupee giving less remunerative prices to the farmers. Farmer producer company (FPC) is one such and relatively new legal entity of the producers of any kind, viz., agricultural produce, forest produce, artisan products, any other local produce where the members are primary producers. This study explored the status and marketing practices of FPCs followed in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. The sample respondents are FPCs and retailers who are involved in the sale of FPCs products. Purposive sampling method was used for collecting data by using structured interview schedule. Percentage analysis and Garrett's ranking techniques were used in analyzing the data. The results showed that the processors in FPCs should try to reduce the cost of their produce, so that it could attract all income peoples to purchase FPCs products. The profit percentage has been less for retailers through FPCs products. The retailers should have to develop competitive market promotion measures to create awareness to the consumers about the FPC value added products. Providing discounts , offers and new combo packs for FPC products should be promoted to attract the consumers.
Pages: 287-291 T. Nivetha, T. Samsai, and M. Kandeeban (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil…
Pages: 282-286
Pooja Rani, Saroj Yadav, Neelam M. Rose, and Vandana Bhandari (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana)

India had always been known as the land that portrayed cultural and traditional vibrancy through its conventional arts and crafts. Folk art in India apparently has a great potential in the international market because of its traditional aesthetic sensibility and authenticity. Madhubani painting is the one of those folk art forms known for its beauty and elegance. Thirty designs developed using traditional Madhubani motifs were arranged on stoles in different styles and five colour ways for each selected placement were prepared. Five stoles were developed through screen printing and hand embroidery using selected design placements and colour ways. The prepared stoles were assessed by a panel of 30 consumers on different assessment parameters, viz., motifs, designs, placements and colour ways for their potential marketability. The average weighted mean score of all the developed stoles ranged from 2.49 to 2.58 indicated that all the developed stoles were very enthralling and accepted by consumers on different assessment parameters. The cost of the stoles ranged from Rs 1300/- to 1450/- which was rated appropriate by all the consumers. Thus, the effort provided an imaginative and fresh collection to the consumers who want to adopt their tradition with minute modernization. Also this would help in the preservation of painting tradition as well as broaden the marketability of the designed products.
Pages: 282-286 Pooja Rani, Saroj Yadav, Neelam M. Rose, and Vandana Bhandari (Department of Textile and…
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