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Pages: 278-281
Adem Ahmed (Department of Mathematics, Science College, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)
Solomon Mengistie (Department of Curriculum, Education and Behavioral College, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)
Tadele Wondimuneh (Department of Mathematics, Science College, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)

The purpose of this study was to look into students' higher-level reasoning skills in a high school mathematics class through cooperative problem-solving learning activities. The participants were fifty-five students in the experimental group and fifty-five students in the control group. The study included a pretest to find out students' reasoning skills before the new teaching strategy. The experimental group encountered cooperative problem-solving learning and higher-level questions over six-weeks period. The changes were directed at helping them reach higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. The control group received conventional teaching style. At the end of the six weeks, students in both groups were given a post-test to find out if they could answer higher-level questions. Analysis of paired t-test was employed to determine the results, which were substantial and establishing that the experimental group achieved at higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy than the control group. It is recommended for schools to incorporate the higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy on a more frequent basis so that students will improve higher reasoning skills.
Pages: 278-281 Adem Ahmed (Department of Mathematics, Science College, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia) Solomon Mengistie (Department of…
Pages: 273-277
Zelalem Temesgen (Department of Inclusive Education, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)
Sewalem Tsega (Department of Special Needs Education, Special Needs Support Office, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia)

The purpose of this metha analytic review is to map the journey of education of persons with disabilities in Ethiopia. Metha analysis of about twenty reviews were done to provide a more comprehensive description of a phenomenon and generating analytical themes that emerge from and step beyond the descriptive themes. This could be the basis for development so long as persons with disability are effectively included in the education agenda. The journey is from mountainous churches where students attend Orthodox Church education (theology instruction) under trees and in small huts to fenced and relatively favorable classrooms. Ethiopians experience less inclusion today than previously within the earlier Christian education system under the Orthodox Church, which did not discriminate based on ability/disability. All students learned by encircling their church education teacher (“Yenetta”) at the centre. The teacher “Yenetta” being within the circle, instructs each learner according to his/her learning pace. The system didn't allow someone's ability to influence the other learner. Hence, all learners learn according to their own velocity. The purpose of this article is to highlight professionals in the field of special needs education about the nature of the delivery of early church education for persons with disabilities, how it was associated with early Christianity and to make comparison between the historical development of special needs education in Europe and ancient Ethiopia.
Pages: 273-277 Zelalem Temesgen (Department of Inclusive Education, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia) Sewalem Tsega (Department of Special…
Pages: 264-272
Solomon Melesse Mengistie (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, East Africa)

Ethiopia, with its diversified cultural groups, has its own distinctive calendar, writing, art, music, poetic forms and numeration system (Alemayehu & Solomon, 2017). This seems to have laid a foundation to establish traditional education for the purpose of transmitting these cultural heritages to the next generation. In addition, the introduction of different religious beliefs into Ethiopia has also led to the introduction of religious education in the country. These social and cultural foundations were influential factors that made the philosophy of Ethiopian education to be the training of the child in the beliefs and social values of the society. Hence the purpose of education became the transmission of worthwhile cultural heritages of the past to reconstruct the education system of the present. By doing so, retainable and worthwhile cultural heritages can be scrutinized and sustained; nonscientific and dogmatic beliefs and harmful cultural practices can be eliminated or at least be minimized. At the same time, knowledge of modern school system is to be used as a frame of reference to evaluate the merits and demerits of the traditional school system. This paper, after having outlined a review of the history of Ethiopian education past to present, has suggested some relevant recommendations.
Pages: 264-272 Solomon Melesse Mengistie (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, College of Education and…
Pages: 256-263
Ali Khosh Iqbal Fard and Mohammad Hasan Mirza Mohammady (Department of Education Science, Shahid University, Iran)
Masoud Masoudi (Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Education, Herat University, Afghanistan, South Asia)

The present study purpose is to obtain new educational implications derived from the adaptation of Farabi and Moren votes about science. This study has been done by a comparative procedure and using progressive inference method to discover educational implications. The study explains the findings after explaining the Farabi and Moren general idea, providing the quad questions and expressing the research method. According to these findings, Farabi it has perceived science is based on certainty, equal to value, united with philosophy, and considers and Moren science come from uncertainty with complex entanglements under the criticism of science in the modern world . Farabi and Moren have common opinions through training about the unity of science while multiplicity, the unity of science and philosophy, trans disciplinary training, increasing the authority of the student, and building an ideal society. They also have significant differences in the teleology, the place of logic in science and learning, the type of science unity, and the teleology of science. Significant implications have been provided to design a new educational pattern based on these recognized features of adaptation of the two philosophers' views on the subject of science in the final section. There is a new approach in designing the curriculum among this adaptation, which not only can solve the crises caused by specialization, but also by changing the viewpoint to science nature provide a possibility of synergy between specialists of various sciences from the learning stage.
Pages: 256-263 Ali Khosh Iqbal Fard and Mohammad Hasan Mirza Mohammady (Department of Education Science, Shahid…
Pages: 249-255
Solomon Melesse and Sintayehu Belay (Department of Teacher Education & Curriculum Studies, Bahir Dar University Ethiopia, East Africa)
Belaynesh Kassanew Likenew (Department of Mathematic Education, Bahir Dar University Ethiopia, East Africa)

This paper invigorates curriculum conceptualization and its development in the current Ethiopian education system in relation to renowned classical curriculum theories. In doing so, the whole policy and curriculum documents are reviewed vis-à-vis Beauchamp, Pinar, and McNeil's classifications of curriculum theories. In this regard, we feel that there are transparency illusions and ambiguities in setting a clear demarcation about curriculum conceptualization of various curriculum theories and theorists. Moreover, this paper is all about reflections on classical curriculum theories guiding curriculum conceptualization and its development in the current Ethiopian education system. In doing so, we tried to unite the curriculum theories that have almost similar views of curriculum conceptualization and its development. Throughout our reflections, we tried to depict our real life experiences and observations. The paper is organized to have an introduction, reflections against classical curriculum theories guiding curriculum conceptualization and its development in country Y, concluding remarks and critical recommendations.
Pages: 249-255 Solomon Melesse and Sintayehu Belay (Department of Teacher Education & Curriculum Studies, Bahir Dar…
Pages: 245-248
Rajinder Kaur, Vandana Kanwar, and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Today, joint families have been broken down to either nuclear families or extended families. Lack of elder members in the family make young parents more anxious, less patient, more work- oriented and have less interpersonal relationships. The research paper is intended to explore the perceived loneliness among undergraduate students. The total sample comprised of 400 college undergraduate students. Perceived Loneliness Scale (L-Scale) standardized scale was used to determine the degree and extent of loneliness perceived by the students. Results indicated that though the majority of the students perceived an average level of loneliness, but the trend was towards higher side in all colleges except in College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology as well as in all the years of their degree programme. Inter-college differences in mean scores of COAE and T significantly differ from the mean scores of all other colleges. Respondents of COHSc perceived the loneliness at higher level whereas respondents of COAE & T perceived less loneliness. Gender differences in perceiving loneliness showed that females perceived more loneliness as compared to the males.
Pages: 245-248 Rajinder Kaur, Vandana Kanwar, and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…
Pages: 240-244
Qaera Rasoli (Vice Chancellor of Kabul Polytechnique University, Kabul, Afghanistan)

Role of practical works in lesson cooperation among chemistry students of Kabul education faculty is the topic selected to studied and research. The main objectives of this research are; distinguishing teachers' skills and competencies on using practical work method for create lesson contribution among students, finding students' interest rate for cooperation among each other, identifying the efficiency of laboratory works on lesson cooperation among students, furthermore, studying devices and materials needed for practical works in chemistry department of Kabul Education Faculty and challenges against lesson cooperation among students. In this research qualitative and quantitative (mixed) and review of the documents have been used. Data has been collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations. Population for this research is teachers and students of chemistry department of natural science faculty of Kabul University. The key results of the research are summarized as follow. Results in this research indicates using the method of practical and laboratory work in lesson contribution among students, making education and learning sustainable and permanent. Students are encouraged more through laboratory activities; they are more interested in lesson cooperation with each other. These contributions can cause lack of self-Confidence, insufficient encouragement by teachers, and mis-completion attitude among students. Findings revealed laboratory activities make lessons more interested and increases lessons' efficiency, make the students more confident on the reality of the topic. The most important challenges against this method are lack of location for laboratory activities and experiments, big number of the students in each class, lack of time for laboratory experiments, lack of sufficient laboratory supplements, lack of awareness and acquaintance of some the teachers from laboratory devices and lack of experienced laborants in the laboratory rooms. Learning chemistry is not sufficient, unless, using practical work method and it can lead students do not learn it based on action and experience and they (students) cannot use it their occupational and professional life. From the findings in this research it is inferred that increasing teaching time, materials and teachers' emphasis on the role of practical works in cooperation among students are effective. In addition, removing ethnical and religious prejudices and promoting the culture of educational contribution instead of mis competitions decrease the challenges against practical works, educational contribution among student. Findings of this research can, somehow, help to renovate education and teaching system for teachers, students and other stockholders in higher education. We hope the data of this research is used for implication of the idea to create educational contributions among students.
Pages: 240-244 Qaera Rasoli (Vice Chancellor of Kabul Polytechnique University, Kabul, Afghanistan)
Pages: 237-239
Rekha Sapra (Department of Human Development and family Empowerment, Bharati College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The digital technology as a powerful influence on how and what we learn has been established by an array of researches in this domain. The relevance and significance of social and emotional skills has been researched extensively for its role in promoting well-being. The core skills, which have been identified by social-emotional learning (SEL) programs focus on self-awareness, self-management, responsible decision making, social awareness and relationship skills. The umbrella term for SEL includes skills of team work, collaborative abilities, negotiation skills, critical thinking, ethical and social responsibility and effective communication to name a few. SEL is still an emerging field of enquiry and fostering and promoting it through technology has powerful implications for positive outcomes. World Economic Forum notes that both current and leading edge tools have the potential to bring social-emotional competencies to school. Digital technology is a powerful and all pervasive tool which can be used positively in classroom situations. Teachers, researchers, psychologists, mental health professionals and all the stake holders can come together to make use of the available digital programs in a positive structured manner. The discussion in this paper are based on social media platforms and other games based learning solutions for enhancing critical skills of decision making, critical thinking, empathy, and ethical behaviour by children and adolescents. Use of Facebook in a responsible manner, dealing with comments on social media and many other digital platforms can be used by educators, psychologists and researchers in an interactive manner to promote student engagement, peer collaboration. Certain wearables do indicate if the stress level has increased. These are accompanied by positive suggestion and techniques like breathing exercises, soothing music. The digital technology is here to stay. Bring technology to the children in a responsible structured manner so that it becomes a fertile ground for learning the positive skills.
Pages: 237-239 Rekha Sapra (Department of Human Development and family Empowerment, Bharati College, University of Delhi…
Pages: 232-236
Shatakshi Semwal and Ella Rani (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, I.C. College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

India has gone through a lot of changes during these past years, first there was demonetization and now there is Goods and Services Tax. It was introduced on 1st July 2017 and with the implementation of this new concept there has been a slowdown in our Indian economy and turbulence in financial volatility. So, there arises the need of understanding of this new concept. The research focuses on finding out the perception of shopkeepers through their knowledge and attitude about Goods and Services Tax. The study was conducted in Hisar city of Haryana state. The findings highlighted that majority of the shopkeepers had medium to low knowledge and neutral to favorable attitude towards Goods and Services Tax implementation. Our economy was in need GST for a long-term and it demands more clarity through mass media. There was positive significant correlation between the knowledge and years of experience of the shopkeeper but there was no significant correlation between the attitude and other independent variable as attitude of the respondent was neutral. Thus, it can be concluded that with the universal tax rates, GST has increased the transparency and tax collection but it has also resulted in technological glitches while filling the GST returns.
Pages: 232-236 Shatakshi Semwal and Ella Rani (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, I.C. College…
Pages: 227-231
Sreeparna Chowdhury (Syamaprasad Institute of Education and Training, Kolkata, West Bengal)
Santoshi Halder (Department of Education, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)

Academic achievement has become the prime concern of teachers, parents as well as of students in the 21st century. Academic achievement decides future success, social acceptance, emotional stability and self-esteem. Therefore, the prime concern of present day teaching-learning process is the eradication of low achievement. An important factor which creates performance gap between high and low achievers is the use constructivist learning strategies. High achievers were often found as more self-regulated learners and better users of cognitive constructivist strategies. Academic help-seeking is one such under focused constructivist strategy which plays an important part in students' learning but has been ignored by researchers for a long time. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to enlighten the readers about the role of academic help-seeking as a constructivist strategy in academic achievement and how high and low achievers differ in academic help-seeking. Based on the findings from different literatures, the present paper also established the fact that high achievers are better help-seekers than low achievers. Thus the current paper predicted that low achievers could be made better achievers by bringing changes in their help-seeking strategies. The role of teachers and parents in improving academic help-seeking behavior has also been discussed.
Pages: 227-231 Sreeparna Chowdhury (Syamaprasad Institute of Education and Training, Kolkata, West Bengal) Santoshi Halder (Department of…
Pages: 224-226
Neda Mehrjouyan (Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Khozestan Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Khozestan, Iran)

Knowledge management is one of the interesting and challenging topics of management science in the new millennium. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of knowledge management on organizational agility of staff of Khuzestan province youth and sport office. The present study is applied-descriptive in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the province's youth and youth sports department (80 people). Due to the limited population, the sample size of the study was calculated as 80 individuals. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and regression test as well as structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data at inferential statistics level. This was done by SPSS software version 21 and LISREL version 8.8 software. The results show that using the regression, the value obtained for F is 12.023 and a significant level of 0.0001 means that the hypothesis will be rejected and indicates that the impact of knowledge management on Organizational agility is meaningful. Using the results of the structural equations of knowledge management variable with a factor of 0.53 has a great effect on the organizational agility variable. Thus, lack of attention to knowledge management leads to a decrease in speed, flexibility as well as competence and accountability of staff. Considering that the path coefficient was 0.53 and also the t-statistic was 0.3, it can be said that knowledge management at 99.99% confidence level has a positive and significant effect on organizational agility. Data processing using structural equation modeling shows that the mediating role of knowledge management on organizational effectiveness is confirmed. This finding means that the emphasis on knowledge management and its compliance by organizations can lead to the influence of each of the variables of organizational intelligence and organizational effectiveness in the successful implementation of another.
Pages: 224-226 Neda Mehrjouyan (Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Khozestan Branch, Technical and Vocational…
Pages: 220-223
Alireza Sadeghi and Hossein Aflakifard (Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Fars, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies with happiness and social adjustment among students. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in nature and method. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in nature and method. The statistical population consisted of all sixth grade elementary students in Kamyaran to determine the sample size, 180 individuals were selected using multistage cluster random sampling. Data collection tools included three Oxford happiness questionnaires, Sohrabi and Samani social adjustment questionnaires and Pintrich self-regulated learning strategies that validated and validated the tool. The collected data were analyzed in two levels (descriptive & inferential statistics). At the descriptive level, mean and standard deviation indices and inferential level, Pearson correlation and regression were used. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between self-regulated learning strategies with happiness and social adjustment, which means that with the increase of self-regulated learning strategies, happiness and social adjustment increase. There is also a direct relationship between the components of self-regulation strategies between the components of cognitive, meta-cognitive, and motivational beliefs with social happiness and adaptation.
Pages: 220-223 Alireza Sadeghi and Hossein Aflakifard (Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Fars, Iran)
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