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Pages: 576-580
Monika Choudhry (Tika Ram College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana)

The world is undergoing a revolution and so are the educational institutions and learning demands of 21st Century learners. The demands of a prosperous career, job opportunities requires not rote memorization of facts, information but learning new techniques, structures that help in processing information, making decision and communicating in a global and diverse society in a better way. To be able to multi-task, implement one's ideas, make complex choices, integrate old and new knowledge and tolerate ambiguity requires high order thinking skills. Thinking skill are not mysterious entities existing somewhere in the mind. Nor are they mental muscles that have physical existence but thinking skills refer to the human capacity to think in conscious ways to achieve certain purposes. Such processes include remembering, questioning forming concepts, planning, reasoning, imagining, solving problems, making decisions and judgments, translating thoughts into words, analyze information and so on. The teachers should inculcate a probing spirit in students. They should encourage curiosity, exploration, investigation and scrutiny of facts, view failure as a learning opportunity, acknowledge effort not just reward performance. If our students learn the skills properly then they can have their own light-bulb (revelation) moments like Thomas Edison or 'Eureka' of Archimedes.

Pages: 576-580Monika Choudhry (Tika Ram College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana)

Pages: 573-575
Seema Jakhar (Department of Education, Monad University, UP)
Nirmala Devi (C R College of Education, Hisar, Haryana)

The present paper examines gender differences in career preference of school level. The sample was comprised of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) in the age range of 13-17 years studying at school level. Vocational Preference Inventory (Shailja and Gaurava) was used to assess the career preference choices of students. T-test was used for gender differences in career preference. The results are discussed with previous empirical researches, and practical implications.

Pages: 573-575Seema Jakhar (Department of Education, Monad University, UP)Nirmala Devi (C R College of Education…

Pages: 570-572
Savita Devi Shehrawat (Department of Education, Monad University, UP)
Nirmala Devi (C R College of Education, Hisar, Haryana)

The current study examined the relation in academic motivation, optimism and personality type. The sample was comprised of 400 students in the age range of 19-23 years studying at various colleges of Haryana. Academic motivation Scale (AMS), The Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) (Sheier & Carver, 1985)and NEO-FIVE Personality Factors (Costa & McCrae, 1992) were used to assess academic motivation, optimism and personality types of students respectively. Pearson Product Moment Correlation method was used to analyse the results. The findings indicated that there was significant relation in academic motivation in optimism and personality types of boys and girls. The results are discussed with empirical findings for further implications.

Pages: 570-572Savita Devi Shehrawat (Department of Education, Monad University, UP)Nirmala Devi (C R College of…

Pages: 568-569
Sunita Singh, Raj Singh Kundu and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, College of Basic Sciences, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar)

TV is the most effective means for attaining desired transformation of the rural women because it provides latest technical know how within the four walls of the house. Incidental studies on impact of mass media especially television indicates the women's exposure to media is very inadequate and unsatisfactory due to various socio cultural factors that needs to be explored. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made in present study to find the access of women to television to study the TV viewing pattern of rural females regarding education and development program and the impact of education and development program on the respondents. The present study was conducted on 145 respondents of village Baralu from Loharu block of Bhiwani District. Data were collected from 145 females above the age group of 5 years which were selected as respondents randomly from the sampled village during the month of March,2004. The primary data thus collected were coded and subjected to statistical analysis by using chi-square test for drawing inferences. It has been observed that Samachar was viewed by 51% respondents followed by Vishnu Puran by 60% and chitrahar by 67% respondents. Keeping in view the impact of watching T.V. it has been revealed that66.90% of the respondents have impact of T.V. for entertainment and knowledge purpose whereas for personality is 6.90% and 4.14 % for purchase decisions. Regarding recommendations, suggestions accepted by the respondents are vaccination by 45.52% and contraceptives by 40% while other suggestions were accepted by a low number of respondents.

Pages: 568-569Sunita Singh, Raj Singh Kundu and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, College of Basic…

Pages: 566-567
Ravinder Kumar (Independent Scholar, Hisar, Haryana)
Jagbir Singh Boora (G. C. Hisar, Haryana)
Sushil Lega (CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of two different training interventions (Intermittent versus Continuous training) on semi-professional male football Player's speed, jump and repeated-sprint ability. Thirty players were divided into an intermittent training group (INT, n=15, age=21.7±4.7, height=175.3±5.2cm, weight=68.9±4.8kg) and a continuous training group (CONT, n=15, age=20.6±5.1, height=174.9±5.9cm, weight=69.2±7.2kg) . The study lasted for 10 weeks and consisted of 20 minutes per training session in physical conditioning following either CONT or INT training guidelines. The players were tested 3 times during 1st, 5th, and 10th week of the season. Testing consisted of 15m and 30m sprint time, squat-jump and countermovement jump height and Bangsbo modified sprint test. Two-way repeated measures ANCOVA showed that INT was faster than CONT in the 5th and 10th weeks for the squat jump, 15m, 30m and Bangsbo Modified sprint test and that INT recovered better from than CONT, result suggest that both training interventions able to maintain initial values of speed and jump. However, the INT exhibit larger improvements in repeated-sprint ability. Therefore, the power endurance training (intermittent high intensity exercise) may be more beneficial to prepare football players according to the game cardiovascular and metabolic specific determinants.

Pages: 566-567Ravinder Kumar (Independent Scholar, Hisar, Haryana)Jagbir Singh Boora (G. C. Hisar, Haryana)Sushil Lega (CCS…

Pages: 564-565
Vikash Nain (Department of Geography, C.R.M. Jat College, Hisar)

The present paper examines the extent of disparities in social and economic condition by social group in the village Hassangarh (Haryana). Disparity on the basis of caste has been common in social economic and political spheres as well as settlement for generation. The present paper is largely based on household level primary data. The level of literacy analysed considering the importance of education as a strong agent of socio-economic development. In the village about 69.2% population is literate. The gender disparity index for the village as a whole is 0.19. The backward castes are observed in below matric level of education. Children (below 15 years) comprise more than 18.9 percent of total population in the village. Among the caste group, higher castes have recorded highest proportion of children i.e. 25.0 percent. The sex ratio in the village is about 97.2. The work participation rate in the village is about 37.42 percent. The average per capita monthly expenditure in the village is Rs. 972.

Pages: 564-565Vikash Nain (Department of Geography, C.R.M. Jat College, Hisar)

Pages: 560-563
Jyoti Chahal and Rajwanti (Department of Commerce, Govt. P.G. College Gohana, Haryana)

The problem of corruption is neither new nor limited to developing countries. The context and relevance of this problem varied widely between countries and time period became of its extremely diverse nature. Gunner Mydral wrote “Corruption put sand in economic machinery; it is a force slowing down developments”. In this research paper an attempt is made to analyze the impact of corruption on Indian economy growth. This research paper deals with the present scenario of corruption prevailing in different departments in the country. Furthermore, it also present the various causes of corruption and throw the light on various measures to combat the corruption in India.

Pages: 560-563Jyoti Chahal and Rajwanti (Department of Commerce, Govt. P.G. College Gohana, Haryana)

Pages: 556-559
J. S. Jakhar (Chairperson and Dean, Faculty of Law, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana)

There has been a chequered history of origin and development of customs, belief and norms for regulating interactions between individuals and groups. For last three decades, we have witnessed that the customs and social taboo under the garb of gotra-patrilineal pedigree-have unleashed controversies, conflicts and communitarian disharmony, especially due to matrimonial alliances which have come into conflict with formal codes of law. The couples who defy customary practice are excommunicated, lynched, tortured and killed in the name of honour. This paper makes an attempt to discuss the related issues from legal perspective. For the purpose, case No. 26 of 2009 pronounced by the trial court, Karnal is taken up as a reference point, in which Manoj and Babli, who defied the social taboo of sagotra in Haryana.

Pages: 556-559J. S. Jakhar (Chairperson and Dean, Faculty of Law, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa…

Pages: 554-555
Puspa Rani (Department of Psychology, Monad University, Hapur, UP)
Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana )

Peer pressure is the pressuring of peers to do things that they are not comfortable with. Peer pressure is always tough to deal with, especially when it comes to sex. Some teenagers decide to have sexual relationships because their friends think sex is cool. Others feel pressured by the person they are dating. Still others find it easier to give in and have sex than to try to explain why not. The current study examined gender differences in peer pressure among youth. A sample of 400 students in the age range of 15- 25 years studying at various school and colleges was collected from various schools of district Hisar, Haryana. The Peer Pressure Scale by (Singh & Saini, 2010) was used to examine the gender difference peer pressure among youth. T- test was used for statistical analysis and the results indicated that there was no significant gender difference in peer pressure. The findings suggested that boys and girls does not differ on the level of peer pressure. The results are discussed with appropriate findings for generalization of the results.

Pages: 554-555Puspa Rani (Department of Psychology, Monad University, Hapur, UP)Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare…

Pages: 550-553
Sunil Kumar (Department of Business Administration, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa)

Small and medium enterprises play a very important role in the economy of any country and it is more so in a developing country like India. They play a role in boosting the economy of a country. The role of small and medium enterprises in the economic and social development of the country is well established. SME s emerges leaders during the period of recession, restoring jobs and business activity lost during the time despite a slow and fragile economy. The small-scale industries sector plays a vital role in the growth of the country. It contributes almost 40% of the gross industrial value added in the Indian economy. It has been estimated that a million Rs. of investment in fixed assets in the small scale sector produces 4.62 million worth of goods or services with an approximate value addition of ten percentage points. The small-scale sector has grown rapidly over the years. The growth rates during the various plan periods have been very impressive. The number of small-scale units has increased from an estimated 0.87 million units in the year 1980-81 to over 3 million in the year. When the performance of this sector is viewed against the growth in the manufacturing and the industry sector as a whole, it instills confidence in the resilience of the small scale sector. This paper would study the role of SME s in Indian Economy and its contribution to the economic development of the country as a whole. FDI plays an important role in any country's economical activities. Companies big or small cannot solely depend on the conventional source of finance all together. For financial and technological support they have to depend on foreign resources. For big companies getting FDI is not difficult issue because of financial security, reach in global market and business experience but in SME/SSI it still an unsolved puzzle or a buzzword. The paper is concerned with one of the ways of contributing to strengthening the indigenous SME sector in a situation of resource scarcity. Specifically, the paper is concerned with the potential role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in relation to the long term competitive development and inter-nationalisation of the SME sector in transition and developing countries.

Pages: 550-553Sunil Kumar (Department of Business Administration, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa)

Pages: 547-549
Satinder Malik (G. P. Uttawar, Palwal, Haryana)
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The importance of Marketing and Total Quality Management in libraries in stressed in this paper. The writer is of the view that the conditions which challenged libraries in developed countries to adopt Marketing and Total Quality Management The Importance of Marketing and Total Quality Management in Libraries.

Pages: 547-549Satinder Malik (G. P. Uttawar, Palwal, Haryana)

Pages: 541-546
Sunil Kumar (Department of Business Administration, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa)

The growing integration of economies and societies around the world has been one of the most important and debated topics in international economics over the past few years. Rapid growth and poverty reduction in China, India, and other countries that was poor 20 years ago, has been a positive aspect of Liberalization Privatization and Globalization (LPG). But Globalization has also generated significant international opposition over concerns that it has increased inequality and environmental degradation. There is a need to study the impact of globalization on Indian economy from the viewpoint of inward foreign direct investment through the export and import which is made by India. Attention should also be focused on the role which some developing countries, particularly from parts of Asia and Latin America, are playing as initiators of globalization through their own MNCs. India opened up the economy in the early nineties following a major crisis that led by a foreign exchange crunch that dragged the economy close to defaulting on loans. The response was a slew of domestic and external sector policy measures partly prompted by the immediate needs and partly by the demand of the multilateral organization. The new foreign trade policy and Exim policy regime radically pushed forward in favour of a more open and market oriented economy. This paper explores the contours of the on-going process of Globalization, Liberalization and Privatization. Throughout this paper, there is an underlying focus on the impact of LPG on Indian economy.

Pages: 541-546Sunil Kumar (Department of Business Administration, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa)
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