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Pages:442-445
Indu N.P. and A. Pushparajan (Department of Physical Education, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Jail warders are the most important assets for any correctional agency. Research on correctional officers has found that stress has a great influence on their general health. To evaluate the effect of yoga based relaxation technique on general health among Jail Warder. One hundred and fifteen Jail Warder were recruited for the study from six Jails at different cities in Kerala. We used a three arm randomized control between subject's design. Participants were counterbalanced randomly into two different experimental conditions (Mind Sound Resonance Technique & Deep Relaxation Technique) and control condition. Participants were given questionnaire packets including demographic details, General and Health Questionnaire. Further clinical parameters such as Blood Pressure, Pulse rate and Respiration rate were measured. Outcomes were examined at two points in time: baseline and at the end of the one month. Paired sample t-tests showed a significant enhancement in general health questionnaire after MSRT (p=0.01) and DRT (p=0.01), while the control group did not show any significant change. Further result showed a significant normalization in systolic (p=0.01) and diastolic (p=0.01) pressure after MSRT. While DRT group shown only normalization at systolic pressure (p=0.01), the control group did not show any significant change. Further result showed a significant normalization in pulse rate (p=0.05) and reduction in respiratory rate (p=0.01). No changes/differences were observed after DRT and control groups on pulse rate and respiratory rate. Result has shown significant enhancement of the general health following yoga based mind sound relaxation technique.

Pages:442-445Indu N.P. and A. Pushparajan (Department of Physical Education, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Pages:446-449
Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj and Shalini Singh (Department of Psychology, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

The aim of this study was to explore the differences in healthiness and life satisfaction in first generation and second generation of Kashmiri migrants. A mixed sample of 100 subjects was taken, out of which 50 was of first generation and 50 of second generation. First generation subjects belonged to an age group of 45 to 60 years and second generation subjects belonged to an age group of 21 to 25 years. Leddy Healthiness Scale (Leddy, 1996) and Satisfaction with life scale (Diener, 1985) were used to measure the above variables. The data was analyzed by using t-test. Results revealed that second generation migrants had higher healthiness and life satisfaction than first generation migrants.

Pages:446-449Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj and Shalini Singh (Department of Psychology, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages:450-452
Faizi Agha and Shahina Maqbool (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)
Sarah Javed (Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

The relation between gender and spirituality is of great interest hence our study aimed to examine the gender differences in college students through the lens of spirituality. 60 students (30 males & 30 females) were chosen from arts faculty with age range of (18 & older). They were requested to fill Expressions of Spirituality Inventory (Mac Donald 2009) which consist of 30 items with five dimensions i.e. cognitive, experiential, existential, paranormal, and religiousness. Independent sample t test was administered for obtaining mean difference between both the genders on spirituality. Significant difference was found on two domains of spirituality i.e. Cognitive and Experiential dimension. In cognitive domain males scores higher (M=18.30, SD=2.91) as compared to females (M=13.60, SD=4.23) with t value as 5.01 which was significant at 0.05 level. Other domain in which significant difference was found was Experiential domain, here females scored higher (M=17.40, SD=5.21) as compared to males (M=13.23, SD=4.43) with t value as 3.33 which was significant at 0.05 level. No significant difference was found in the remaining three dimensions i.e. Existential, Paranormal and Religious domains, having t value as 1.02, .861 and 1.55 respectively at 0.05 levels. This study contributes a great understanding of spirituality and the effects of gender on spirituality.

Pages:450-452Faizi Agha and Shahina Maqbool (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)Sarah Javed (Department of…

Pages:453-456
Vijith K. (Department of Psychology, Govt. Arts and Science College Mankada, Kolathur, Kerala)

Taking the academic problems of tribal students in India as a case, this review paper attempts to critically evaluate the scope of existing theories of motivation to understand cross-cultural learning context and to join with the new approaches that are developing from the cultural-historical tradition in psychology. Initially, this paper discusses the motivational problems of tribal students as they engage in learning processes and then proceeds to enquire the scope of cultural- historical approach to motivation, and finally it engages these problems from the point of view of the proposed approach.

Pages:453-456Vijith K. (Department of Psychology, Govt. Arts and Science College Mankada, Kolathur, Kerala)

Pages:457-459
Pratibha Dabas and Abha Singh (AIPS, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

This paper looks at the need for introducing a new dimension to the counselor's role in Indian schools - that of providing Positive psychology interventions to school students. We are witnessing increasing instances of behavioral problems and low academic standards among students in semi urban schools in India. The school authorities feel the need for effective and positive intervention programs for these students. Parents and teachers both find themselves turning to the counselors, who are not only few in number but unable to handle all the referrals. The role of the counselor, thus needs to be redefined. Apart from broadening the scope of counseling, integrated interventions that the teachers can handle are required. The paper also identifies the growing need for counseling that is preventive rather than remedial. With the parents and teachers turning into a helpless lot and looking towards the counselors to help them with managing their children, the counselors need to reframe their role. Rather than being overwhelmed by the number of referrals, they must help in the upbringing of children with positive character traits. Going by the research findings in positive psychology, this should help in bringing down the number of referrals of behavioral issues. As findings of some of the studies on Positive Psychology also suggest a cultural impact on the outcome of positive interventions, this paper makes further research suggestions of combining Indian Psychology with the western Positive Psychology methods as options for effective positive interventions for school children.

Pages:457-459Pratibha Dabas and Abha Singh (AIPS, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages:460-465
Arjun Kumar Shrestha (Kathmandu University School of Management, Balkumar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal)

Positive psychology has emerged as an important domain in the field of psychology. In the past one and half decade, it has received wider scholarly attention resulting in numerous theoretical and empirical works that have appeared in many peer-reviewed journals. This paper attempts to develop an understanding of the this evolving domain of psychology, trace its philosophical foundations, explore its linkages with other domains of psychology, especially, the existential psychology and humanistic psychology and map its growth in the recent past. This paper begins with the introduction of positive psychology and presents an overview of its historical development. Then it attempts to explore the philosophical foundations of positive psychology as well as its linkages with two sub-domains of psychology the existential psychology and the humanistic psychology. Thereafter, it provides an overview of the emergence and growth of PP in the past 18 years. Finally, it concludes highlighting some of the limitations of this paper.

Pages:460-465Arjun Kumar Shrestha (Kathmandu University School of Management, Balkumar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal)

Pages:466-468
Hardeep Kaur and Arashmeet Chawla (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Adjustment is a continuous process by which a person varies his behavior to produce a more harmonious relationship between himself and his environment. It helps to keep balance between one's need and capacity to meet the needs. Adjustment is a major concern at all life stages, especially during adolescence. Since it is a phase of rapid growth and development during which physical, sexual and emotional changes occur, adjustment problems are at their peak. Most adolescents experience adjustment difficulties in emotional, social and/or educational aspects of their lives. School adjustment can be viewed as comprising academic, social and emotional adjustment .It is a continuous process that is geared towards the adaptation of the individual to school life and culture. Overall adjustment plays a vital role in the development of child. The sample of 30 adolescents aged 14-18 years were taken up from the Senior Secondary School in this study. In each group, there were fifteen adolescent girls and fifteen adolescent boys. School Adjustment Inventory for school students developed by Sinha and Singh has been used in the study. The present study aims to examine the gender difference in social, educational and emotional adjustment among the school going adolescents. The findings of the present study indicate that there exist significant differences between the secondary school students when compared on the basis of gender.

Pages:466-468Hardeep Kaur and Arashmeet Chawla (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Pages:469-471
Sagar S. Vidwans (Research Scholar, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune )
Parinita Raghvendra (P.G D.H.R.M Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies, Pune)

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship of meaningful work, hope and meaning in life of young professional artists. It was hypothesized that meaningful work and hope will predict variance in meaning in life. A group of 103 young, unmarried and full time professional artists (53 males & 50 females) were taken in the study. Work and meaning, Adult hope scale, and Meaning in life questionnaire were administered. The study was conducted in 2016. Both the groups were found statistically different except on meaningful work, as a result of that separate analysis was carried out. The correlation of meaning in work and presence of meaning life was found statistically significant (0.60 p<.01 males & females combined). The correlation of hope and presence of meaning in life was also found statistically significant in males and females (0.53 p<.01 in males & 0.53 p<.01in females). The further regression analysis was conducted and it was found that meaningful work and hope predicted presence of meaning in life.

Pages:469-471Sagar S. Vidwans (Research Scholar, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune )Parinita Raghvendra (P.G D.H.R.M Symbiosis…

Pages:472-479
Anita Sheerha and Mukta Singhvi (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan )

The study aims to determine the effect of positive visualization on the subjective happiness and perceived body image. For this study 40 participants were randomly selected from the age group of 20-25years from the middle socio economic status in Delhi. A pre-post analysis was done using “Subjective Happiness Scale” and “Figure Rating Scale”. 20 participants were trained to visualize themselves to be in happy states and imagine their physical body to be the perfect shape and size, according to them. And the rest 20 were given no training at all. An in-depth analysis was done on 5 of the participants who received training in positive visualization.

Pages:472-479Anita Sheerha and Mukta Singhvi (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan )

Pages:480-484
Nilesh Thakre (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai )
Ruchita Mayekar (HR Consultant, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

The field of positive psychology is gaining prominence in the area of industrial and organizational psychology. The characteristics of hope and hopelessness appear to play a crucial role in the work place. The present study investigates the role of hope in organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. The participants of the study consist of 120 men and women employees within age range of 21 to 50 years working in various private sector organizations in Mumbai. They were assessed by using the adult state hope scale (Snyder et al., 1996), the organizational commitment questionnaire (Mowday, Steers, & Porter, 1979), and the organizational citizenship behaviour checklist (Fox & Spector, 2011). The data were analysed by independent sample t-test and coefficients of correlation. Results revealed a significant difference between employees with high hope and low hope on organizational commitment, t (118) = 5.07, p < .05, and on organizational citizenship behaviour, t (58) = 4.79, p <.05. The coefficient of correlation result shows significant positive correlation between hope and organizational commitment, r = .40, p < .05, hope and organizational citizenship behaviour, r = .40, p < .05, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour, r = .76, p < .05. These findings indicate that employees with high hope shows higher organizational commitment and higher organizational citizenship behaviour and it will enable organizations to acknowledge the importance of hope at work place.

Pages:480-484Nilesh Thakre (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai )Ruchita Mayekar (HR Consultant, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Pages:485-494
Namita Mohanty and Sarita Mishra Kolhe (Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)

The aim of this review article is to highlight on the perspective, theories, research, importance and application of Psychological Capital (Psycap) for gaining competitive advantage for individuals, teams and organizations. Psycap is one of the core, pivotal constructs in the area of Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) and Psychology. This is considered as critical for the development and management of talent in an organization. Providing a more targeted and updated review especially on “HERO” the components of Psycap like Hope, Efficacy, Resilience and Optimism and linking Psycap to other organizational “intangible resources” such as team work, authentic leadership and work engagement has been quite a challenging task. As a higher order core construct, Psycap turns out to be synergistic. Psycap as a whole, is greater than the sum of its parts. The basic underlying theoretical mechanism connecting all the four components is a positive appraisal of circumstances, and probability for success based on motivated effort as well as perseverance. In more analytical terms, it is through the discriminant validity across the four individual Psycap capacities that each adds unique variance and becomes additive to overall Psycap. Furthermore, both conceptual developments and empirical evidence support the convergent validity of the four components of Psycap that meet POB criteria.

Pages:485-494Namita Mohanty and Sarita Mishra Kolhe (Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)

Pages:495-497
Poonam Yadav (Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi )

“If you don't love yourself, you cannot love others”. This is the ultimate truth. If one is not able to accept oneself with all the flaws and qualities that one possess, then there's no guarantee that he/she can accept the other person without being judgmental. What is needed is a positive attitude and self- understanding toward oneself, most importantly self-compassion. Basically being gentle, kind and understanding with oneself. Accepting that one is not perfect and that there is potential for learning and growth in every mistake one makes (Neff, 2003). Self-compassion has been shown to be positively related to psychological health and well-being. This paper is an attempt to show how one can use self-compassion to overcome one's inner critic and enhance well-being.

Pages:495-497Poonam Yadav (Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University…

Pages:498-500
Divyani Sharma (RCI Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

Problem solving skills play an important role in the life of an individual for dealing life challenges effectively. The core idea of this model of therapy is striving toward solution of the problem and using all possible ways to deal with it. People following problem solving approach in their life have better quality of life and well-being. Problem solving is an empirical based approach and is a skill that can be build in people. The present paper presents a case of an adult who has academic and mood related difficulties on whom problem solving therapy was used. Following the training in problem solving therapy using specific techniques for specific symptoms and issues, the client reported significant improvement in his symptoms. The present paper describes in detail the case of problem solving therapy.

Pages:498-500Divyani Sharma (RCI Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Jaipur, Rajasthan)Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim…

Pages:501-503
Bijoyeta Das (Department of Psychology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam)

When adolescents move to higher educational institutions, they exhibit distinctive behavioral changes. These changes are more due to accumulated feelings rather than an outburst of a single incidence. Peer pressure, change in class environment, campus environment, extracurricular activities, parental guidance and school administration each one or all of these play a significant role in moulding the behavior of a student in high school or college. Peer pressure is influence on a peer group, observes or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values or behaviors to conform to groups. When an adolescent moves to a higher educational institute there is a distinct change in environment in way of peers and how they interact with the adolescent. There are a large number of studies on the negative impact of peer groups on the behavior of an adolescent. At the same time, there are few selected studies on the positive impact of peer group on the behavioural development of adolescents. Peer conformity in young people is mostly pronounced with respect to style, taste, appearance, ideology and values. Peer pressure is commonly associated with episodes of adolescent risk taking behaviors because these activities commonly occur in the company of peers. Peer pressure also has few positive effects when youth are pressured by their peers towards positive behavior v.i.z. volunteering for charity or excelling in academics. Such studies are found to be very rare in India, but very selected studies were conducted in Assam. This study throws light on the various positive aspects of peer pressure. It was conducted on 30 adolescents (both boys & girls) of CBSE Schools of Kamrup metro and Kamrup rural areas of Assam. The students of class xi and class xii were selected in order to fulfill the criterion. The major tools used for gathering related information were Self Devised Questionnaire and Observation. In this study, it was seen that most of the male adolescents easily fall as a prey to peer pressure in comparison to female adolescents. In this study, the factors contributing towards the impact of positive peer pressure on the behavioral development of the adolescents would be discussed. Most of the adolescents in Kamrup rural area are found to be aware of the increasing competition and had adopted such behaviors necessary to cope with competitive pressures. Some positive changes in the adolescents were observed due to peer pressure were reading habits, creative and different ways of learning etc.

Pages:501-503Bijoyeta Das (Department of Psychology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam)

Pages:504-510
Alka Ranjan (Department of Psychology, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru)
Tony Sam George (Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bengaluru)

A systematic review of literature has been conducted on subjective well-being of children and adolescents, an emerging area of research. Scientific literature till the year 2015 has been reviewed. It includes research articles, book chapters and research reports. Appropriate keywords have been used and each chosen literature has been assessed for their quality. A general map for both quantitative and qualitative research evidence has been made. Findings from research evidence has been integrated through thematic synthesis. The findings broadly indicate the approaches of research in the area of subjective well-being in terms of philosophical basis, assessment and the current status in the Indian context.

Pages:504-510Alka Ranjan (Department of Psychology, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru)Tony Sam George (Department of Psychology, Christ…

Pages:511-514
Mehar Hema Kumari and Madnawat A.V.S (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The study was carried out to find out the effect of gratitude and forgiveness on well being among female college students. The sample consisted of 60 female college students of age 18-21, selected purposive sampling method from international college of girls of Jaipur city. Gratitude, forgiveness and well being were measured by Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6; McCullough, 2002), Heartland Forgiveness Scale Thompson (2005) and Well-being Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), respectively. It was the co-relational study. The results showed that gratitude and forgiveness was significantly correlated with well being. Multiple regression analysis indicated that only gratitude was found important predictor of well being.

Pages:511-514Mehar Hema Kumari and Madnawat A.V.S (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages:515-516
Sr. Christine Fernandes (Principal of St Francis College, Begumpet, Hyderabad)
Samineni Hilda David (Lecutere, St Francis College, Begumpet, Hyderabad)

Emotional maturity is a process in which the personality is continuously striving for greater sense of emotional health, both intra- psychically and intra- personally. The study examined the emotional maturity among widows and widowers. The sample included 120 widows and widowers out of which 60 were widows and 60 widowers. The five dimensions of the scale namely: Emotional instability, Emotional regression, Social adjustment, Personality disintegration and Lack of independence were considered for the analysis. The results revealed that widows are emotionally mature than widowers, the results being supported by the t value (2.306), significant at 0.05 level. Further, considering the dimensions, Emotional instability and Social adjustment was found significant at 0.05 level and Personality Disintegration significant at 0.01 levels.

Pages:515-516Sr. Christine Fernandes (Principal of St Francis College, Begumpet, Hyderabad)Samineni Hilda David (Lecutere, St Francis…

Pages:517-521
Khushboo Saini (Department of Education, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness but a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community (WHO, 2007). In recent times, positive mental health has emerged as a new concern for schools thus shifting the focus of educators from just repairing weaknesses to enhancement of positive qualities. Similarities can be seen between mental health approaches in health and education as both believe that children and youth have inner potential and gifts that support their capacity to initiate, direct and sustain positive life directions. To promote positive mental health in schools there is a need for collaboration of educational and health professionals. Schools should focus on providing a safe and caring environment along with skills and strategies that help in enhancing their coping and problem-solving capacities. To face the fact around 20% of the world's children and adolescents have mental disorders or problems and about half of mental disorders begin before the age of 14. Such situations can be taken care of if positive mental health is promoted in schools. The present paper attempts to define positive mental health and also its emergence as a necessity of time. It also emphasizes on the need of promoting positive mental health in schools. The paper culminates with suggestion for activities and practices for promoting the same. Purchase PDF
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Pages:517-521Khushboo Saini (Department of Education, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Pages:522-526
Fatemeh Asgari (Master of Science in Psychology)
Mitra Khaghanifard (Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran)
Bahareh Asna Ashari (Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Iran)

In today's world of communication reasonable and legitimate, necessary and integral parts of social life,But what could hurt the legitimacy of the rule of relationships that can undermine the foundations of social relations. Because such relations irreparable injury to public morals and personal life and religious import. Infidelity is one of the growing problems of Iranian society is a growing concern Becky marital infidelity problems of a society of Iran as a growing concern is that the instability in relationships is high divorce rates. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with them from abstaining betrays the women involved in marital infidelity .Theresearch is qualitative method kind of phenomenological me the research for the scientific issues to weber's conceptual issues and ideas shaping testing theory insist. Infect, this research could lead to the development of theoretical manager. Asample 41 of women are involved in marital infidelity that 28 of the women betrayed a betrayed woman is 13. Given the result of the research question the highest percentage of women who have committed treason in his definition of treason as regards sexual feeling outside of marriage have recounted. Among the factors correlated with the treachery of the highest percentage of lack of sensual and emotional need. Indifferent to life and lack of responsibility and outside the home friends are experienced. Marital infidelity, marital infidelity, attention, internet communications satellite program know causes of marital infidelity.Unfortunately, in our country's substantial scientific research has not been done much about betrayal and the reasons behind it the result is that statistics also expressed clinical experiences and advice of psychologists and experts who dealt in this article.

Pages:522-526Fatemeh Asgari (Master of Science in Psychology)Mitra Khaghanifard (Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad…

Pages:527-530
Fatemeh Nasiri, Aminallah Fazel and Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The aim of this study was to evaluate early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in young adults with schizoid personality disorder with ordinary people. The aim of this study was causal-comparative design and applied research. The study population consisted of young people with schizoid personality disorder are referred to clinics and psychological services in the city and they are normal people. The sample size of young people with schizoid personality disorder referred to clinics and psychological services in the city of Shiraz in 2015 that number was 40 cases and 40 normal subjects who were matched for age and education level and randomly selected respectively. The instrument used in this study, the Young Schema Questionnaire (SQ-SF) (short form), cognitive distortions and scale questionnaire was schizoid personality. Usingthet-testto show the difference between the two groups in the primary and distorted cognitive schema variables there. Significant differences between the two groups in the scheme of mistrust/abuse, emotional deprivation, defectiveness/shame and social isolation/ alienation there. The scheme triggered/instability between the two groups was not significant. Significant differences between the two groups in the scheme vulnerable to loss / illness did not change his / caught and there is a failure. But in the scheme dependence / incompetence was no significant difference between the two groups. Significant differences between the two groups in the scheme of entitlement / grandiosity and self-control / self-discipline is inadequate. Significant differences between the two groups in the scheme of obedience and sacrifice there. Significant differences between the two groups in emotional inhibition schemas and there are strict criteria. The difference between the two groups in mean cognitive distortions all or nothing thinking, generalization exaggerated, subjective filter, lack of attention to the positive, hasty conclusions, mind reading, coarse-fine nose, nose emotional argument, labeling and personalization There are. But thinking in cognitive distortions word wrong and should be better between the two groups was not significant.

Pages:527-530Fatemeh Nasiri, Aminallah Fazel and Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad…
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