Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing

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Interobserver reliability of behavioural coding: Two case studies Pages: 07-09 Ishhita Gupta, Shefali Thaman and S. P. K. Jena (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi) This study is designed to formulate behavioural coding for child behaviours in various observational settings. In order to conduct these studies, an initial behavioural definition was obtained through audiovisual demonstration of child behaviour to a group of potential observers trained in behavioural assessment. Subsequently, a set of index behaviours was identified for the sake of coding. At the next stage of the experiment, these coded behaviours were subjected to recording through time sampling by the above observers. Consequently, an inter-rater reliability assessment was conducted to examine the reliability of their observations across behaviours. Pages: 07-09Ishhita Gupta, Shefali Thaman and S. P. K. Jena (Department of Applied Psychology, University… Read more Get Access
Impact of the level of parental education on adolescent adjustment: A cross sectional study Pages: 10-15 Georgitta J. Valiyamattam (Department of Psychology and Parapsychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam) D. V. Venu Gopal (Psychology and Human Values, AP IIT, Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh) We examined the impact of the level of parental education on adolescent adjustment from early adolescence into late adolescence, across gender and grade groups comprising high school and Grade 12. Participants in this cross-sectional study consisted of 1337 students (676 boys and 661 girls) from High School and grade 12 in various institutes of north coastal Andhra Pradesh. Adjustment patterns were measured along the six adjustment dimensions of the Culturally Relevant Bell Adjustment Inventory (Ashok, Madhu, Suneetha & Ramana, 2004). These dimensions include- Home adjustment, Health adjustment, Submissiveness Vs Assertion, Emotionality, Hostility Vs Friendliness and Masculinity Vs Femininity. Results obtained indicated a significant impact of parental education on adolescent adjustment with a greater impact at the high school level as compared to grade 12 level. Both paternal and maternal education were relatively equal predictors of adolescent adjustment. While paternal education was a more significant predictor of adjustment for males at the high school level, maternal education became a slightly more powerful determinant of adjustment for males at the grade 12 level. Maternal education was also a slightly more influential predictor of adjustment among female students. An impact of the level of parental education was seen on the dimensions of home adjustment, hostility and masculinity in the male subsample and the dimensions of emotionality and masculinity in the female subsample. Male students with graduate fathers exhibited a greater degree of home adjustment difficulties and lowest levels of hostility. A higher level of maternal education was found to foster better home adjustment among males at Grade 12 and better emotional adjustment among females at the high school level. Both the independent and interaction effects of parental education largely revealed that the levels of masculinity tended to be high for both males and females, regardless of the grade group, when both the parents had either graduate or post graduate levels of education. Pages: 10-15Georgitta J. Valiyamattam (Department of Psychology and Parapsychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam)D. V. Venu Gopal… Read more Get Access
We examined the impact of the level of parental education on adolescent adjustment from early adolescence into late adolescence, across gender and grade groups comprising high school and Grade 12. Participants in this cross-sectional study consisted of 13 Pages: 16-20 Happy Paul and Pooja Garg (Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee) With the increased role of psychology in last two decades, research on subjective well-being has gained much attention and as an outcome its role at workplace has been explored well in applied research. However, how this significant positive aspect of life functions in everyday life at work remains unknown. The paper bridges this gap and explores the potential role of SWB to augment the tendency of employees to display extra-role behaviours at workplace. It was proposed that the subjective experience of well-being would enjoy a positive relationship with the demonstration of organizational citizenship behaviours. In this venture, authors after briefly defining the constructs and looking into the literature, summarize the findings from a sample of executives working in Indian manufacturing industry (N=240). The participants were assessed for subjective well-being (Life Satisfaction, Positive Affect and Negative Affect), and organizational citizenship behaviours (Altruism, Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship, Courtesy and Civic Virtue). The results of regression analysis revealed that the two-component configuration of SWB constituting cognitive and affective dimensions relate positively to the dimensions of OCB. It is argued that since the citizenship behaviours demonstrate the state of everyday life of an employee at workplace, it is pertinent for organizations to achieve optimal human experience and well-being. Practical implications are discussed along with the future directions for research. Pages: 16-20Happy Paul and Pooja Garg (Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee) Read more Get Access
General wellbeing of the elderly and perceived caregiving burden of their family caregivers in Ranchi district Pages: 21-25 Shriti Choudhary (Department of Psychology, R L S Y College, Ranchi) Anjani Jyoti Toppo (Department of Psychology, Ranchi University, Ranchi) The elderly in India accounted for 5.7% in 1990, estimated to reach 12.6% in 2020 with 13% of the total population. India will have the second largest greying population in the world by 2025.(Chadha & Easwasamoorthy, 1993). Majority of them 70% will be fully dependent on productive population with a need of economic support and responsible caregiving. The relationship of elders with their caregivers and the caregiving burden has emerged as a vital field of investigation affecting the psychology of everyday life. In this backdrop, the present study attempts to measure the general wellbeing of the elderly and perceived caregiving burden of their family caregivers. The study aims to assess the wellbeing of male and female elderly and see the impact of place of residence on their wellbeing. As the wellbeing of the elderly is directly related with the caregiving burden, the present study also attempts to measure the caregiving burden of their family caregivers. Data have been collected using PGI General Well Being Measure Verma, and Verma (2009) and Perceived Caregiving Burden Scale by Gupta (2007). A purposive sample of 120 elderly, stratified randomly on the basis of gender (male/female) and place of residence (rural/urban) was taken for the study. It was found that rural female elderly scored more on Well Being Measure than their male counterpart, urban females also scored higher than the males. On total Wellbeing Measure the female sample had a better wellbeing than the male. As far as the caregiving burden is concerned, it was found negatively correlated with the wellbeing of the elders. Higher the wellbeing lower was the perceived caregiving burden. Urban caregivers perceived fewer burdens than the rural ones. In both settings, feeling of entrapment was highest perceived burden, followed by financial and sense of abandonment. The study recommends improvement in the wellbeing of the elderly for minimising the caregiving burden. Pages: 21-25Shriti Choudhary (Department of Psychology, R L S Y College, Ranchi)Anjani Jyoti Toppo (Department… Read more Get Access
Yoga: An approach to holistic health for climacteric symptoms- a prospective randomized interventional study Pages: 01-06 B. Jayabharathi (Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SRM College of Nursing, SRM University, Chennai) Jayamohanraj (Department of Community Health Nursing, SRM College of Nursing, SRM University, Chennai) Menopause is a normal occurrence in the life of every woman. The term is derived from the Greek, which actually means 'cessation of periods'. Menopause occurs due to cessation of ovarian function.The word menopause and climacteric are used interchangeably. It also indicates a 'change of life' from one of reproduction, which is coming to an end. The age of menopause varies from 45 to 50 years .In some woman, the age of menopause may be 51 or 52 years. This community based study tested the effect of yoga on climacteric symptoms of menopausal women. This was a prospective randomized interventional study. The study was conducted in selected villages at Kattankulathur Block, Chennai,Tamilnadu, India. Multistage sampling technique was used for the identification of menopausal women for the study. The total sample size was 260 menopausal women and they were randomly allotted to two groups: 130 of them to yoga group and 130 of them to control group. The yoga group has undergone yoga training programme which consists of Yogasanas, Pranayama (Breathing exercise) and Meditation. The yoga group has practiced yoga for 5 days in a week for 1 hr /day for 12 weeks by trained instructor. The assessments were made by five point Rating scale ( to assess the physical and psychological symptoms ) which is based on Standardized Menopause Rating scale(MRS)andPerceived Stress Scale ( for level of stress of menopausal women). After 12 weeks of yoga practice , the physical symptoms of menopausal women were reduced to greater extent in yoga group than in control group at p< 0.001 level of significance. There was significantly better improvement in the psychological symptoms of menopausal women in yoga group (p<0.001) than in control group. In the yoga group, there was a marked reduction of stress level after 12 weeks of intensive yoga practice (p<0.001) than in control group. The present study concluded that, yoga is an effective intervention in reducing the physical, psychological symptoms and level of stress of menopausal women. Yoga's approach to holistic health is powerful tool for helping the women experience the passage into menopause as a positive event, both physically and spiritually. Pages: 01-06B. Jayabharathi (Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SRM College of Nursing, SRM University, Chennai)Jayamohanraj… Read more Get Access
How effective pictorial warnings on tobacco product are? A cross sectional study from north India Pages: 1108-1111 Binod Kumar Behera, Ajay Tyagi, Babita Rani and Suraj Chawla (Department of Community Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana) Behera Joshil Kumar (Department of Physiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana) MC Sahoo (Deputy Medical Superintendent, Department of Hospital Administration, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana) More than 80% of deaths due to tobacco use occur in the developing countries. Each year 0.8-.09 million Indians die due to tobacco related disease. India has the highest number of oral cancer in the world and 90% of all oral cancers are related to tobacco use. Warning labels on tobacco products are an effective way of communicating the consequences of tobacco use and bring about behavioural changes like quitting and reducing the tobacco consumption. Present cross-sectional study was conducted to know the effectiveness of the pictorial warning on the tobacco product and people's attitude toward this warning in a tertiary care hospital setting using a pre tested semi structure interview schedule. A total of 308 adults were included in the study, of which 108 (35.06%) participant never consumed tobacco products. 280 (90.90%) participants ever noticed a pictorial warning on the tobacco product,130(42.20%) participant said it does not have any impact on the habit.192 (96%) said tobacco uses have adverse effect on health and 164 (82 %) ever had thought to quit this habit, 28 (14%) participants said they thought to quit smoking due to warning on the pack and only 5(2.5%) of them could quit this habit because of that. Pages: 1108-1111Binod Kumar Behera, Ajay Tyagi, Babita Rani and Suraj Chawla (Department of Community Medicine… Read more Get Access
Socio-economic status of family as a factor of emotion regulation and well-being Pages: 1521-1524 Sapana Singh (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) Binayak Shankar (Personnel Management & Industrial Relations, Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) The socio economic factors are important determinants of human development. Research shows that socioeconomic status of family isassociated with a wide array of health, cognitive, and socio-emotional outcomes in children and its effects continuing into adulthood. Many empirical evidences have been found that better socioeconomic condition of family facilitate better emotion regulation abilities, cognitive functioning and well-being in children. The present studyanalyzes the role of socioeconomic status in emotion regulation and well-being of adults. The Socioeconomic Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Life Satisfaction Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire have been used in the study for measuring these constructs. The scales are administered on 150 respondents including both male and female, from various courses of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The correlational analysis of data revealed interesting findings.The high socioeconomic status has been found strongly and positively related to use of functional ER strategies and well-being and negatively related to use of dysfunctional ER strategies. The socioeconomic status revealed as a major predictorof emotion regulation and well-being. Pages: 1521-1524Sapana Singh (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)Binayak Shankar (Personnel Management… Read more Get Access
Employee counseling needs: The influence of personal correlates Pages: 1529-1232 T. V. Ananda Rao (Department of Psychology and Parapsychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh ) P. Raja Sekhar (Department of Psychology, Adikavi Nannaya University, Rajahmundry) B. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao (K.L University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh) In recent times, the need of counseling services has become essential for improving the wellbeing of the employees in organizations. Understanding various kinds of problems experienced in work and family situations would really help to provide better counseling services to employees. Personal problems that include emotional or behavioral issues like marital, family or work problems relates to the employee's attitude, motivation or interpersonal skills were addressed through counseling in various work settings. Problems related to work behavior may include, Poor relations with colleagues or customers, Becoming withdrawn from colleagues, Tensions and conflict in workplace relationships, Loss of motivation and commitment, Increased sickness and absence, Poor time keeping, Increased errors or accidents, Emotional outbursts, Deterioration in personal standards etc. The present study examines the nature of employee counseling needs and find out the influence of personal factors on them. The employee counseling needs are categorized into work, personal, group, health, and economic and psychological types. The results indicate significant types counseling needs were observed among the younger, less experienced and less educated employees. The implications of the findings for minimizing the problems experienced by employees are suggested. Pages: 1529-1232T. V. Ananda Rao (Department of Psychology and Parapsychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh… Read more Get Access
Prevalence of obesity in school children Pages: 1533-1536 Sikandra (Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana agricultural University, Hisar) Ruby Siwach Sangwan (Research Scholar, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana) Kavita (Department of HDFS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar) The present investigation was conducted on school going children (9-15 years) from Hisar and Gurgaon city, Haryana state India. A total of 400 obese children were selected randomly (200 each from both cities). Hundred healthy school going children having no history of obesity and matching the same age as those of obese children were taken as control (50 each from both cities). The information on socio-economic status, food habits and dietary pattern of the children was gathered using self-developed questionnaire. The study revealed that prevalence of obesity was higher (7.41%) among school going children from Gurgaon city as compared to Hisar city (5.79%). It was observed that mean values for most of the anthropometric parameters for obese respondents were significantly higher than non-obese group respondents.The study revealed that a higher percentage (57.5%) of obese children were from 12-15yr age group. Majorities of non-obese group (76%) as well as obese children were from nuclear families having up to five members in the family. Total monthly income of the family of obese respondents was above Rs. 15,000. Ten percent of non-obese children's fathers were above graduate whereas 30 to 36% of obese children's fathers were above graduate in Gurgaon and Hisar city,respectively. Income of the family of obese respondents was found positively associated with weight of obese respondents. Pages: 1533-1536Sikandra (Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana agricultural University, Hisar)Ruby Siwach Sangwan (Research… Read more Get Access
Stress and anxiety among college going first year male and female students Pages: 1537-1540 Rupali Joshi (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh) Stress represents any disruption or difficulty in the smooth course of life and occurs when demands on the individual exceed his or her coping abilities. Survey of available literature suggests that many undergraduate students undergo considerable stress, especially at the point of entry which require adapting to dramatic life changes, due to demands associated with change, leaving home, becoming independent, decision making, competing with new students, assuming greater responsibility for one' life, making new friends, studying regularly and learning about as well as adjusting to a new environment. Inability to cope with stresses is likely to lead to negative consequences with anxiety being one of the most prominent one. Availability of counseling at this stage can be crucial for adjustment to the college life and eventually in carving a desirable career path. The present study primarily aims to explore the differences between college entrant boys and girls on stress experienced in various areas and anxiety, and also to study the relationship between stress and anxiety within the two groups along with attempting to identify the areas which need to be focused upon while providing counseling to college entrants. College Student Stress Scale (Srivastava & Kumar, 2000) consisting of five stress areas, viz., academic, environmental, family, financial and hostel stress and the free floating anxiety subscale of the State, Trait and Free Floating Anxiety Scale developed by Tripathi and Rastogi (1986) were administered to 101 boys and 100 girls, all of whom were hostel residents and in first year of college. The obtained scores were subjected to statistical analysis by computing Mean, S.D., t-test and Pearson's 'r'. Obtained results indicated that boys and girls experienced similar levels of environmental, family, financial, hostel stresses and were also similar on free floating anxiety, but girls reported higher level of academic stress. Stress in the areas of academic, environmental, family for boys and that in the areas of academic and hostel for girls was positively and correlated with free floating anxiety. Results have been analyzed in context to the differences in socialization of girls and boys in the Indian society and their distinctive counseling needs. Pages: 1537-1540Rupali Joshi (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh) Read more Get Access
Individual difference and SSAT performance Pages: 1541-1543 Anurag Upadhaya (Government Inter College, Uttar Pradesh) Richa Singh (Department of Psychology, Vasanta Collage for Women Varanasi, U.P.) The topic of vigilance behavior in today's work setting such as air traffics control (ATC), industrial quality control, sonar and radar operations etc. is gaining much importance among cognitive neuroscientists, academicians, researches as well as psychologists. Like other cognitive capacities, the capacity to sustain attention i.e. vigilance, has been considered to represent a limited resource. This is regarded as the most important determinant of the vigilance decrement. The majority of investigators report large individual differences in susceptibility to decrement. Thus, personality has been found to affect vigilance performance across time periods, besides other individual difference factors. Extraversion and introversion is the central dimension of human personality which differs from each other in terms of cortical arousal level. Researches demonstrated that introverts, who had high level of arousal, showed less decrement function than extraverts, having low activation. But in several experimental studies hypothesized of greater decrement for extraverts was not supported. Moreover, the pattern of vigilance decrement changed with the time of day. Thus, as the technical development is growing rapidly, it has become increasingly necessary to examine how vigil function changes with personality type and task demand and to understand the extent to which these changes can affect their functioning. The researches on the personality aspect, until recently, have been limited in scope while it plays important role in predicting decline reactions during vigil. The present study examined the relationship of personality and sustained task performance. The experiment was conducted on 30 students of Banaras Hindu University (M±SD=22.35year±2.55). Participants were classified as introverts (N = 15) and extraverts (N = 15) based on their EPQ-R score. Performances in terms of correct and incorrect detection were collected. The experimental task comprised of two squares one of 3.5 cm. (target) and another of 3.3 cm (non-target). The task continued for 40 min. Target and non-target ratio was 1:4. The target probability was 20 percent. Participants were required to detect infrequently occurring critical signals. The task was designed on Super Lab (Cedrus, 2007 Version 4.0) and displayed on a 15” SVGA colour monitor of a Pentium IV computer. The overall mean correct detection performance (hits) indicated that introvert participants detected more targets (signals) (M = 88.74%, SD = 14.25%) than extravert participants (M = 75.48%, SD = 19.92%) on vigilance task. Results of personality components revealed that introverts were significantly related to performance efficiency during the task compare to extraverts. Present finding explains the importance of the individual difference factor in reducing the variability in performance which protects declination in vigil. Further the results support an arousal theory perspective in regards to the vigilance decrement. Pages: 1541-1543Anurag Upadhaya (Government Inter College, Uttar Pradesh)Richa Singh (Department of Psychology, Vasanta Collage for… Read more Get Access
Post-modernization and mental health Pages: 1544-1547 Nandita Chaube (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Rajasthan) Abha Sharma (Department of Education, Vivekanand College of Education, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) The purpose of the study is to investigate the way how post modernization affects the human mental health and to explore the role of psychology in this area. The concepts of modernism and post modernism are also discussed in this paper. The mental health issues like stress, social stress, anxiety etc. are also influenced, positively or negatively by modernization. Here in this study, we have discussed how different mental health problems are affected by modernization. Pages: 1544-1547Nandita Chaube (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Rajasthan)Abha Sharma (Department… Read more Get Access
Marital adjustment, depression and stress in late married working women Pages: 1548-1550 Vibha Chaudhary and Sanjay Kumar (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P.) The study was an attempt to explore the effect of 'Late Marriage' on marital adjustment, depression and stress among in married working women. Sample was consisted of 45 married working women, who were randomly selected from various professions. The selected subjects were randomly assigned to three groups according to their age at the time of marriage, i.e., early married; middle aged married and late married working women. A between groups experimental design was employed in the research. Obtained Results indicated that the late married working women (married after 32 years of age) were found to be showing significantly higher depression and poor marital adjustment as compared to other two groups. Pages: 1548-1550Vibha Chaudhary and Sanjay Kumar (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P.) Read more Get Access
Attitude of B.Ed students towards e-learning in context to gender and locale Pages: 1551-1553 Deepika Lamba (Govt. College of Education, Patiala) Agyajit Singh (Former Head, Psychology (retired) Punjabi University, Patiala) The objectives of the present study are: (i). to analyse the attitude of B.Ed. students towards e-learning.; (ii) to examine the attitude of students of B.Ed class towards e-learning studying in the colleges located in rural and urban areas (iii) to evaluate the attitude of students of B.Ed class towards e-learning in relation to gender. The data were collected from 400 rural and urban B.Ed students-both males and females from the Colleges of Education in Punjab. In this sample, 200 were from rural colleges and 200 were from urban colleges. From the rural and urban colleges; 50% of the sample was male and 50% female students. They were administered the scale to measure the attitude towards E-learning which was constructed and standardized by the researcher. The main findings of the study were: (i) there were significant differences between male and female B.Ed. students on the attitude towards E-learning and especially among male and female B.Ed. students of urban colleges but not in the rural colleges, (ii) the males were having more favourable attitude towards E-learning. (iii) no significant differences existed on the attitude towards E-learning between the urban and rural B.Ed. College students; whether they were males or females or combined group. Pages: 1551-1553Deepika Lamba (Govt. College of Education, Patiala)Agyajit Singh (Former Head, Psychology (retired) Punjabi University… Read more Get Access
Attributional styles of women in marital relationship: A violence perspective Pages: 1554-1557 Tejbeer Kaur (Department of Psychology, Khalsa College, Patiala) Inderpartap Singh (Department of Psychology, IGNOU, New Delhi) Over the past years, there has been a burgeoning interest in gaining better understanding of violent behavior of women. Theories on marital violence stresses the importance of processes both internal and external to the individual in understanding women's acts of aggression. Research suggests that situational characteristics influence attributions for violent events. Models specific to domestic violence interpret women's use of violence within the context of their own victimization histories, their experiences of childhood trauma, and the depressive and posttraumatic symptoms that ensue. Women's status in a gendered society has been also found to play a prominent role in their violent behaviour, with low socioeconomic status, unemployment, poverty, and a lack of educational and vocational opportunities, all heightens women's risk for behaving violently. The role of women regarding marital violence is economically motivated, undertaken for survival purposes, and as a way of releasing accumulated tension. The present investigation attempted to examine the attributional styles of women. Total Sample comprised 80 women (40 each violent and non-violent), randomly drawn from Patiala city in the age range of 25- 55 years, working professionally. Psychological measure was used to assess attributional styles. Significant t-values indicated differences on various dimensions of attributional styles. Pages: 1554-1557Tejbeer Kaur (Department of Psychology, Khalsa College, Patiala)Inderpartap Singh (Department of Psychology, IGNOU, New… Read more Get Access
Occupational stress among healthcare professionals Pages: 1558-1562 J. S. Bidlan and Anupama Sihag (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana) The study examines the occupational stress among 600 healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and support staff) from the private hospitals of New Delhi, NCR using the Occupational Stress Index (Srivastava & Singh, 1981). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant results on the dimensions of occupational stress among three occupational groups (doctors, nurses and support staff) with role overload contributing the most, whereas, the gender difference was not found statistically significant. Individuals can easily get away with the severe consequences of stress if the stress at work is addressed with proper interventions. Pages: 1558-1562J. S. Bidlan and Anupama Sihag (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana) Read more Get Access
Attitude towards premarital sex among college students Pages: 1563-1566 Priyata Doshi and Divya Dovina T. (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai) S. Sasikala (Department of Psychology, Ethiraj College, Chennai) The abundant availability of the internet and reality television has a corrupting influence on the people all over the world in general and citizens of India, in particular and they reach a conclusion that Premarital Sex (PMS), extra-marital affairs, divorce without valid reasons, dating, etc. do not stand out of their culture and values. The impact of the technological advancement is more on school and college students. Moreover, in India, sex education is not compulsory in schools and colleges, due to which there is a higher prevalence rate of AIDS in the country now. With theories stating that attitude leads to behavior, proper empirical data on attitude of youngsters is essential to help the Government of India to initiate and introduce sex education in all schools. Thus, the need to study the attitude of students towards pre-marital sex was felt and an attempt was made in this study. Qualitative research method was used and convenient sampling procedure was used to collect data. A questionnaire containing open and closed ended questions were administered to a group of 30 college students. The data was analyzed using both content analysis and percentage analysis. The results were interpreted based on the cultural factor and the role of westernization. Pages: 1563-1566Priyata Doshi and Divya Dovina T. (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai)S. Sasikala… Read more Get Access
A need analysis of citizens social needs to plan leisure and recreational activities in terms of social-cultural dimensions: A case study of Shiraz, Iran Pages: 1567-1569 Sareh Rahimi (Young Researchers Club, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran ) Marzieh Ebrahimi (Sports Management, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Younes Mohammadzadeh (Faculty of Humanities, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) In fact, human beings are always facing the most basic needs which are the driving force of their movements, actions, and behaviors. People have different needs concerning living conditions, family, age, education, and job. So they behave according to the needs they are facing. Therefore, an analysis of humans' basic needs provides a better understanding of causes and motivations behind individuals' behavioral and this understanding is an essential step in providing suitable education as well as reducing the behavioral and psychological problems. Like all other municipal communities, Shiraz has been affected during the past half-century by changes such as the industrial revolution and the development of technology. Besides, such changes have both positive and negative consequences. The objective of this research was the recreational need assessment of 15 64 Years Old Citizenes in Shiraz City in three dimensions of individual, environmental-social and cultural. The research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted male and female citizen of Shiraz from which 496 were selected using stage sampling method (appropriate to sample size). The research instrument was a researcher questionnaire containing 65 close ended questions. The reliability of the questionnaire proved to be 0/96 using Cornbrash's alpha coefficient and validity of the questionnaire was a superficial and content validity. The data was analyzed both through descriptive (frequency, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential (one-variable t-test, Independent-sample t-test, One way analyzed of variance, LSD test and Freidman) statistics. Pages: 1567-1569Sareh Rahimi (Young Researchers Club, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran )Marzieh Ebrahimi… Read more Get Access
Depression among people living with HIV infection: A comparative study Pages: 1570-1572 Sabahat Abdullah and Archana Shukla (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) Depression among people living with an HIV infection is a matter of extreme concern since depression in turn is associated with poor health outcomes and lower quality of life for them. The purpose of this study was to find out (1) the gender difference in symptoms of depression among people living with an HIV infection, and (2) to compare the symptoms of depression in this group to a demographically similar undiagnosed comparative group. Results indicated that seropositive women had the highest level of depression followed by seropositive men and the diagnosed group experienced more symptoms of depression than the undiagnosed group. The findings can be utilised to develop specialised, targeted intervention for people living with HIV infection. Pages: 1570-1572Sabahat Abdullah and Archana Shukla (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) Read more Get Access
Gender differences in wisdom among school students Pages: 1573-1576 Umed Singh and Suvrata Dahiya (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana) The present study was conducted to examine the gender differences in overall wisdom as well as its three components cognitive, affective, and reflective. For it, 456 (279 male and 177 female) 9th and 10th grade students participated in the study. The selected subjects were tested with 3D-Wisdom Scale Descriptive Statistics and t-ratios were used to analyze the data. In contrast to earlier findings, the results revealed the females to be high on overall wisdom as compared to the male students. The female students also outperformed the male students on cognitive and affective components of wisdom. No gender differences were found in reflective wisdom. Such findings may be attributed to socialization practices and socio-cultural perspectives. For generalization future large scale studies are required. Pages: 1573-1576Umed Singh and Suvrata Dahiya (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana) Read more Get Access
Sociological study of substance abuser in Gurgaon Pages: 1577-1579 Devinder Kumar (Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana) Sunila Rathee (Department of Psychiatry, University of Health, Rohtak, Haryana) Brahmdeep Sindhu (Senior Medical Officer, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana) The issue of drug abuse is one of the major problems of contemporary society. The incidence of drug abuse among rural areas is getting un-expectedly high. The present study is conducted to know the socio-economic profile of drug addicts and to understand the pattern of drug abuse among drug addicts in district Gurgaon of Haryana. Present study revealed that drug abuse among rural youth is a multifaceted problem. Peer pressure or influence, addiction in family history and exposure to drugs were found to be main instigators for youth to indulge in drug abuse. One more interesting thing comes to know, it seems that peer group of drug abuser does not want that respondent quit the addiction, that's why only three friends come to meet during hospitalization and out of them 2 are comes to supply the substance. Pages: 1577-1579Devinder Kumar (Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana)Sunila Rathee (Department of Psychiatry, University… Read more Get Access
Impact of farm mechanisation on family and marriage systems Pages: 1580-1583 Neeru Bala (Department of Sociology, Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Chakkan, Sirsa, Haryana) Darpan Saluja (Junior Programmer, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana) Combined with other technological innovations, farm mechanization has brought about great change in economy of society. As farming has made less arduous; the increased productivity led to increase in production; subsistence production is substituted by production for the market, however, the same has been affected greatly by the varied levels of farm mechanization Like other aspects of social life, family and marriage is also affected by technological changes The study attempts to examine the impact of farm mechanization on the family and marriage The study was conducted in rural agricultural Haryana following the criteria of advancement and backwardness of the agricultural area. For the purpose two districts were selected, one in which certain forces of changes and development were present and other where they were absent. A block was randomly selected from each district, i.e., Asandh block from Karnal district and Bawani Khera block from Bhiwani district. From the selected cluster of -villages a list of all the farmers of the village was prepared and from that list 150 respondents were selected randomly keeping in proportion farmers to the total population of the villages identified in the cluster. So on the whole a total of 300 respondents were selected from the identified clusters. Association between selection authority and farm mechanization was found to be significant Associated with the family is the institution of marriage about which tractor-owners were found more liberal than bullock owners. This so particular in case of giving freedom to children in respect of selection of marriage partner, rigid adherence to caste consideration in marriage, regarding formal talk of concerned persons before marriage etc. Likewise, education of the partner was also considered important by tractor owners than bullock owners. The relatively liberal attitude in terms of different aspects of marriage on the part of tractor-owners seems to be due to their higher education, greater exposure to outside world, more contacts with educated and urbanised functionaires etc. Also preference for same occupationin marriage declined sharply which reflects desire for contacts with non-farming families and greater comforts for their daughters. Pages: 1580-1583Neeru Bala (Department of Sociology, Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Chakkan, Sirsa, Haryana)Darpan Saluja (Junior… Read more Get Access
Cyber bullying: Experiences, impacts and coping strategies among young adults Pages: 1584-1586 Vinita Singh and Neha Sonkar (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) Cyber bullying is defined as an actions that use information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group that is intended to harm another or others. The purpose of the study was to explore the nature of cyber bullying, its impacts and the use and effectiveness of online coping strategies used by young adult. The information was collected from those male and female who used communication technologies. The sample consisted of 80 young adults, female (N=60) male (N=20), age range 18 to 26years. Responses were obtained in 2 sections. Section 1 consist general information regarding name, age, educational qualification and in section 2 responses were obtained on cyber bullying by open-ended questions were asked regarding like experiences of cyber bullying, frequency of cyber bulling, and coping strategies. Result showed that numerous adults repeatedly fall victim to cyber bullying through name calling, abuse, harassment, exclusion, and impersonation. More than 75% of participants had used a form of online intervention to try to stop the cyber bullying (e.g. blocking, removing friends, changing own account name). Among them, blocking was found to be most effective, followed by removing the bully from their friends list. Although the study revealed a high proportion of female victims compared to males Pages: 1584-1586Vinita Singh and Neha Sonkar (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) Read more Get Access
Culturally embedded restoration: Concept, agency and method of traditional practices in northern Kerala Pages: 1587-1592 Vijith K. (Zakir Husain Center for Educational Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi) This paper explores the concept, agency and the method of traditional healing practices in northern Kerala, with a special focus on the way it is being practiced by the Malayan community in Kannur district of the state, and seeks to examine how these are embedded in the socio-cultural settings of the region. From the review of the studies on healing perspectives across the world this study build the primary focus of this paper to illuminate the varied aspects of the restorative practices of the Malayan community which are given less attention while studying the traditional healing practices by others. Based on the relational model, this paper draws qualitative data from the case-study of the performers who have been carrying out healing practices in the region. These practices are culturally rooted in the inter-subjective and collective consciousness of the people who form as an interdependent caste group in many northern Kerala villages. Fundamentally, these traditional restorative practices have their origins in the belief that pollution to the family and villages is the major cause for psychological disturbances and that their removals by rituals, performed by their traditional hereditary agency of removing such pollution can ensure enhancement of well-being of the people. This belief in the power of the rituals to heal has acquired the status of cultural practices, over the years. Even though increasing acceptance of modern concept of mental health and diseases have whittled down the dependence on and importance of the traditional healing practices amongst both the community and the villagers today, some of their practices are still accepted widely, because they still are etched deep in the collective consciousness of the people of this region. Pages: 1587-1592Vijith K. (Zakir Husain Center for Educational Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi) Read more Get Access
Effect of physical fitness on mental health of housewives aged 30-50 years Pages: 1593-1595 Maryam Nojavan (Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran) Leila Jamshidianb and Younes Mohammad Zadehc (Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Iran) Roghieh Nooripour (Department and Family Counseling, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran) Jack Apsche (Walden University, Minneapolis MN, USA) The aim of this study was to investigate effects of physical fitness on mental health of housewives aged 30-50 years. Population of this study included Shimiranat's housewives in Tehran that were selected according to official statistics 375 of 311,108 of total. A quasi experimental design with pre-test and post-test and a control group was used. Research instrument is Geriatric Health Questionnaire with 28items. Participants were housewives who aged 30-50 years and live in Shimiranat of Tehran (N=60). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 18 and then Covariance test, Shapiro Wilk test, and Levene test were used. The results showed that housewives who have good physical fitness are in better condition in field of anxiety and sleep disorder, social dysfunction symptoms, depressive symptoms,general health and fitness in comparison with women who don't have good physical fitness. Pages: 1593-1595Maryam Nojavan (Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan… Read more Get Access

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