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Pages: 1596-1598
Navnit Kumar (Speech Language Pathology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore)
Ankita Kumari (MASLP, Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped, Mumbai)
Nachiketa Rout (National Institute of Empowernment of Persons with Multiple Disability, Chennai)
The present study explores the significant risk factors that might help in early identification of neonates at risk for hearing loss, at places where objective hearing screening instruments were not assessable. Retrospective information from the database of 617 children diagnosed with hearing loss were compared with high risk factors for hearing impairment as recommended by Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH). Home-delivery (p = .002) was reported amongst 30 % of the data sample. Primary pregnancy (p = .004) and low birth weight (p = .01) were found in 27 % and 25 % of the sample. These Non-JCIH indicators might be used as a screening tool for earliest identification of neonates at risk for hearing loss.

Pages: 1596-1598Navnit Kumar (Speech Language Pathology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore)Ankita Kumari…

Pages: 1599-1600
Rupali G. Damke and Vijay Silan (CCM, AIIMS, New Delhi)
P. Dahire, Aniruddha Kadu and Udaykiran Bhalge (Department of Community Medicine, S.R.T.R. Medical College, Ambajogai, Beed, Maharashtra)
Nadeem Khan (Department of Pathology, S.R.T.R. Medical College, Ambajogai, Beed)

In the present cross sectional survey, prevalence of anaemia and its association with nutritional status was assessed. It was carried out among 80 Undergraduate and 64 Nursing students living in girls UG and Nursing Hostel of S.R.T.R. Medical College. The data was collected by personal interview by using pre-tested questionnaire. BMI was calculated using weight and height, Hb was estimated by Colorimetric method. Data was analysed by suitable statistical method. The Prevalence of anaemia was found to be 36.8%. Out of 80 UG students, 19(23.75%) were underweight and 22(27.5%) had mild Anaemia of which only 4(5%) were found to be underweight, whereas out of 64 Nursing students 27(42.18%) were underweight and 28(43.75%) had mild Anaemia, of which 17(26.56%) were found to be underweight, and this difference was found to be highly significant.

Pages: 1599-1600Rupali G. Damke and Vijay Silan (CCM, AIIMS, New Delhi)P. Dahire, Aniruddha Kadu and…

Pages: 1601-1604
Rohtash Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 1601-1604
Rohtash Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 1601-1604Rohtash Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 1605-1607
Usha Devi and Raj Pathania (Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur)

The present study was undertaken with specific objectives to assess the induced abortion, knowledge about reproductive health and sexual risk taking behavior. The study was conducted in Bhawarna and Rait blocks of district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 100 married women in the age 18-49 years from 4 villages were randomly selected for the study. The data were collected through self structured interview schedule for getting the general information and knowledge about reproductive health and sexual risk taking behavior. The findings indicated that majority of the respondents were above 20 years of age and majority of the respondents were matric pass. Majority of the respondents had undergone three pregnancies and had at least one abortion. Reproductive health was significantly associated with sexual risk taking behavior and treatment seeking behavior.

Pages: 1605-1607Usha Devi and Raj Pathania (Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, CSK…

Pages: 1608-1610
Kr. Sajid Ali Khan, Yasmeen Kausar and Md. Ali Imam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Alcohol addiction is simply defined as a compulsive need for an intoxicating liquid that is obtained from fermented grain or fruit. These liquids include beer, wine, and other hard liquors. One misconception that many alcoholic and addicts seem to have is that their drinking is not affecting anyone else. Many times they make statements like, “I am not hurting anyone but myself”. There is a great deal of research and a vast amount of anecdotal evidence that the behavior of addicts and alcoholics can affect everyone around them, including family, friends, employers and coworkers. Addicted family members are more likely to be violent or emotionally abusive, and when abuse is not a factor; households affected by addiction can be highly disordered, unstable and unloving. If one have a drinking problem and have children in home, they are being affected, sometimes so profoundly that the effects last their entire life time. The most vulnerable effects of alcoholism or addiction are the children. The children of people with alcohol problems usually suffer greatly. Children of alcoholics have deep-seated psychological and emotional reactions to growing up with an addicted parent. Children of addicts often grow up socially isolated and they tend to develop emotional difficulties and behavioral problems. As they grow up, these type of issues can lead to antisocial behavior, mood disorders, and drug and alcohol abuse. Children of addicts often develop feeling of anger and resentment towards their parents. Therefore alcohol addiction is recognized as significant barriers of the empowerment of children, with the consequences of child's health, their health-seeking behavior and their adaptation of the family norms. Studies have shown that a child may be more likely to follow in footsteps of his parents and have the same addictive behaviors. It is vital that children have a positive and honest relationship with their parents. Those who suffer from alcohol abuse need to seek help immediately in order to restore and improve the family relationship. There are many supportive groups and programs available to help those families that are dealing with addiction. The first step is realizing that one' drinking has become a problem, and the second step is willing to do something about the problem.

Pages: 1608-1610Kr. Sajid Ali Khan, Yasmeen Kausar and Md. Ali Imam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh…

Pages: 1611-1614
Rajesh Bhatt (Department of Psychology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand)

This study attempts to emphasize the importance and need of clinical counseling in dealing with consequences of post HIV self. Post HIV self may face psychological disorders with symptoms like stress, anger, frustration, anxiety, depression, and chronic psycho-somatic disorder. Many stressors work together with post HIV self. Post HIV self may be affected by chronic physical pain, discrimination, stigma, abuse, rejection and sudden loss of fundamental human rights. People living with HIV also may encounter emotional and social isolation due to losing their independency and depending on others. People living with HIV survive personally and socially in the uncertainty because of their dependency on timing and nature of treatment, progression of disease, daily life style, economic status and approach to health care center. Many people living with HIV are simultaneously coping with grief from already having lost loved ones to AIDS. These kinds of incidents make them hopeless and influence them negatively. They assume that one day they will also die like their loved one and nobody can stop to happen this. There is an urgent need to improve psychological services for people with HIV so that people living with HIV may get better psychological health. In this connection, this paper suggests some ways to reconstruct post HIV self and over come from psychological cocktail. Various recent researches also emphasized that post HIV self may be enhanced by joining HIV/AIDS support group and spiritual group, appropriate knowledge of disease and medication, meditation, prayer, regular exercises, attending HIV related events/workshops, self acceptance, stress management strategies and getting employment etc.

Pages: 1611-1614Rajesh Bhatt (Department of Psychology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand)

Pages: 1615-1618
Ram Prakash Gupta (Thakur College of Education Dhaliara, Dehra, Kangra, H.P.)

The present study aims to study the effect of school environment on academic achievement of 10th class students of Kangra district. In order to archive this objective, a sample of 300 students of 10th class (200 of govt. and 100 of private school) was selected from the six govt. and three private schools. School environment inventory was used & standardized by Dr. Karuna Shankar Misra (Allahabad). Reliability of tool was (0.873) and validity had founded to possess validity. Researcher observed that there is no significant difference between school environment of 10th class students studying in govt. school situated in rural and urban area. And also observed that unique quality of environment largely depended upon specific way of the pupils who were treated in school and the classrooms Researcher defined the treatment environment as the product of the interaction between teacher and pupil in school situations.

Pages: 1615-1618Ram Prakash Gupta (Thakur College of Education Dhaliara, Dehra, Kangra, H.P.)

Pages: 1619-1620
Shesh Prakash Maurya, Ashima, Sibadatta Das and Nimerpreet Kaur (SHKM Government Medical College, Mewat, Haryana)
Indira Bairy and Sumit Gupta (Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka)

Bacterial diarrhoea is a major health problem in developing countries and travellers to these countries. Various herbal and traditional medicines have been tried to treat infectious diarrhoea, with variable success. Here, we screened different fruit juices for the possible anti-microbial activity against intestinal bacterial pathogens isolated from acute gastroenteritis cases. Seven fruit juices [apple, orange, pineapple, grape, pomegranate, sweet lime and lemon water] were tested against 11 bacterial enteropathogens including Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. via agar diffusion method. Pomegranate juice showed the highest anti microbial activity against enteropathogens. The results with grape juice, orange juice and lemon water were also appreciable but variable with pH changes. Apple juice showed least and negligible activity. Pomegranate juice can provide a dual benefit of rehydration and anti bacterial therapy in infectious gastroenteritis.

Pages: 1619-1620Shesh Prakash Maurya, Ashima, Sibadatta Das and Nimerpreet Kaur (SHKM Government Medical College, Mewat…

Pages: 1621-1624
Shalini Bhasin (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Disability is any physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses or activities. Conventionally it was to referred to attributes that are severe enough to interfere with, or prevent normal day-to-day activities. At present disability is described as a result of discrimination and disregard to the usual conditions of persons with disabilities by the society at large. This shows, it is the social construction of disability which has more ill effects on them than their biological condition. The author in this paper has tried to put forth the major issues related to persons with disabilities and initiatives taken by the government in Victoria (Australia) for their empowerment .

Pages: 1621-1624Shalini Bhasin (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Pages: 1625-1627
Nandita Chaube (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Rajasthan)

This paper focuses on the role performance anxiety plays in the achievement of sports personnel. The purpose of the study was to highlight the anxiety levels of the sports personnel and the interventional strategies to reduce the anxiety. It is evident from previous researches that anxiety does affect achievement in a negative manner be it education or achievement in any walk of life. The focus mainly has been in the area of academic achievement and job performance but this paper attempts to understand that how does the anxiety to perform in the area of sports affects final performance of athletes. As sports attract a lot of attention, the anxiety to perform well is very high and it may be on account of personal expectations or societal pressures. It can be concluded that to give a best performance it is not only essential to give in your 100% for preparation but also essential to manage the anxiety level in order to succeed.

Pages: 1625-1627Nandita Chaube (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Rajasthan)

Pages: 1628-1631
Thokchom Lakshmibai (Lilong Haoreibi College, Manipur)

Education is the most significant instrument for changing women's status in the society. Thus women empowerment is an essential tool to bring about changes in their socio-economic condition.To achieve empowerment, women have to be educated about their rights privileges in a modern society. It is educated women have succeeded in changing their stereotype images to more positive ones.In the past, the life cycle of Manipuri women begins at home and ends at home only. But at present, most of the parents have started to keep equal eyes upon the boys and girls regarding education. As a result number of educated women are increasing by leaps and bounds and are found serving in many departments and establishments. A concerted effort by all governmental and private organisation have taken up various new education policies and schemes to increase the number of educated women in the society.

Pages: 1628-1631Thokchom Lakshmibai (Lilong Haoreibi College, Manipur)

Pages: 1632-1636
Kapil S. Kulkarni (Department of Psychiatry, Jagjivan Ram Hospital, Western Railways, Mumbai Central, Mumbai)
Charles Pinto and Malay Dave (Honorary Visiting Specialist, Department of Psychiatry, Jagjivan Ram Railway Hospital, Mumbai)
J. P. Rawat (Additional Chief Health Director, Department of Psychiatry, Jagjivan Ram Railway Hospital, Mumbai)

Psychological well being and satisfaction with life are two important component of well being concept and Health Related Quality of Life. There are studies regarding psychological well being, job satisfaction, predictors of well being etc. among doctors. This study is done in tertiary care railway hospital in India. Total seventy five doctors were included in study. They were stratified according to age, sex, marital status and experience in years. Data was collected after distributing “Psychological General Well Being Index” and “Satisfaction with Life Scale.” As the age and years of experience in practice increases the vitality component of psychological general well being increases.(p=0.013 for age)(p=0.014 for experience). Marital status affects both total psychological general well being (p=0.042) and satisfaction with life (p=0.017). Positive well being (p=0.038) and vitality (p=0.012) are two components of psychological well being which are predominantly affected by marital status. There is significant relation between psychological general well being and satisfaction with life. Total psychological well being (p=0.006) with its three important components impacting satisfaction with life are anxiety (p=0.001), positive well being (p=0.01) and self control (0.045). Senior and experienced doctors are more active, energetic and fresh feeling than junior or less experienced doctors. Married doctors have better psychological well being than singles; they are more happy, interested and active. Psychological general well being and life satisfaction are interrelated. Doctors who are relaxed, cheerful, interested and have good control over their emotions, thoughts and behavior are better satisfied than others.

Pages: 1632-1636Kapil S. Kulkarni (Department of Psychiatry, Jagjivan Ram Hospital, Western Railways, Mumbai Central, Mumbai)Charles…

Pages: 1637-1642
Karantiano Sadasa (Study Program of Educational Management, Pakuan University, Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia)

Administrators usually adjust their leadership behavior to accomplish the mission of the organization, and this could influence the teacher's job satisfaction. It is therefore essential to understand the relationship between organization cultures, leadership behavior, and job satisfaction towards teachers' performance. The data was collected by the help of self constracted questionaire from a sample of 221 teachers of Junior High Schools in Sukabumi. The research method used was a survey method with causal technique. The research also used a path analysis to analyze the effect of one variable to another variable. In analyzing the data, this research used SPSS software (statistical product and service solution), including descriptive statistical analysis, a prerequisite test data analysis and statistical hypothesis testing. The results emerged that there is a direct and signficant influence of organizational culture toward job performance, job satisfaction toward job performance, organizational culture toward job satisfaction, and leadership behavior toward job satisfaction. These findings also suggest that the organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction are important determinants of the teachers' job performances of Junior High Schools in Sukabumi.

Pages: 1637-1642Karantiano Sadasa (Study Program of Educational Management, Pakuan University, Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia)

Pages: 1643-1647
Pankaj Suvera (Department of Psychology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of Types of students, sex and types of faculty of the college students on Psychological well-being. The sample for the study comprised of 120 Tribal and 120 Non-Tribal college students from Sabarkantha District. Tribal and Non-Tribal college students were selected from various Arts and Science college in Sabarkantha. Personal data sheet and Bhogle and Jay Prakash (1995), Psychological well-being scale, Gujarati Translated by Suvera (2001) were used to collect the required data. 2x2x2 factorial design was planned where types of students, sex and types of faculty were considered as independent variables and Psychological well-being as dependent variables. Accordingly, 2x2x2 ANOVA was carried out to test the hypothesis. Results revealed significant difference between Tribal and Non-Tribal College students on Psychological well-being. The non-tribal college student's psychological well-being is batter then the tribal college students. The male college student's psychological well-being is batter then the female college students. The Science college student's psychological well-being is batter then the Arts college students. The interaction effects (A x B), (A x C), (B x C) and (A x B x C) are not significant.

Pages: 1643-1647Pankaj Suvera (Department of Psychology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat)

Pages: 1648-1653
Glenn Leckie (University of Groningen, The Netherlands)

Concepts of the Terror Management Theory (TMT) were used in an empirical, hypothesis-testing study to explore fear in women who wait to be examined for cervical cancer using VIA methodology or the Pap smear methodology. The assumption is that because of the association between cancer and death, these women are reminded of their mortality while waiting. The TMT assumes that the consciousness of one's own mortality can be regarded as a source of existential anguish. Proclivities for survival creates potentially paralyzing anxiety, which people manage by investing in a meaningful conception of the world (worldview) that prescribes valued behavior and thus also a way to maintain self-esteem. The respondents in the present study were women who were in the policlinic waiting to be screened for cervical cancer. These women were divided into two groups; one was waiting to be examined using the VIA screening and they would receive their result instantly while the other group was waiting to be examined using the Pap smear screening and they would receive their result in four to six weeks. The results show that self-esteem moderated the influence of the screening method on fear and on world view defense. It is concluded that the levels of fear of women waiting to be screened can at least partly be understood from the perspective of TMT. Applying Fear in a realistic context provides new angles and challlenges to test the TMT theory and to understand psychological reactions in that context.

Pages: 1648-1653Glenn Leckie (University of Groningen, The Netherlands)

Pages: 1654-1659
Shahid Iqbal Sargana and Anwaar Mohyuddin (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

Children are considered to vital concern in the process of development. Therefore, investment in children's health is the key element in improving the economic, political and social condition in Pakistan, particularly for Province Punjab in the Context of sustainable development. The present study aims at understanding the different factors which affect malnutrition on school going children's in rural Pakistan.A sample size of 85 Secondary school going children was drawn with the help of multistage random sampling technique by collecting sampling frame from the concerned rural union council secondary schools. Cross tabulations were drawn with the help of SPSS V.16 to show the relationship between different variables. Significancehas been found after the statistical test between family incomes, level of family education with the eating habits of children.

Pages: 1654-1659Shahid Iqbal Sargana and Anwaar Mohyuddin (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

Pages: 1660-1664
Archana Shukla and Pooja Pandey (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh )

Spousal chronic illness is a challenge for both partners. The ill partner suffers due to the disease. The well partner suffers as he/she takes on the additional burden of caring for the ill spouse. Thus although only one partner of the marital dyad is ill, both of the marital partners and their relationships as well as lives get affected. Spousal illness therefore necessitates reframing of the underlying cognitions, remodeling of personal relationships, and reorganizing of lives. Much of these have to be done by the well partners. The present study sampled 304 male and female caregivers belonging to the four age groups of 25-35 yrs, 36-45 yrs, 46-55 yrs and 56-65 yrs and explored the extent to which they used three specific cognitive reframing strategies adaptive outlook, mental renovations and relationship remodeling - in order to care for and cope with spouses who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data were collected through face to face personal interviews with caregivers and analyzed using 2x4 ANOVAs to study the gender and age related differences in the use of cognitive reframing strategies. The analysis revealed a significant main effect of sex with respect to all three cognitive reframing strategies. As compared to female caregivers, male caregivers were found to make greater use of adaptive outlook, mental renovations and relationship remodeling in their daily living. The findings are discussed in the light of sex roles, gender role socialization and clinical researches. The worth of the study lies in showing how care giving experiences of females differ from that of males in terms of nature, structure, range, amount and quality and also how cognitive reframing interventions, particularly for women, could be of great benefit in the context of caring for their chronically ill spouse.

Pages: 1660-1664Archana Shukla and Pooja Pandey (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh )

Pages: 1665-1668
Plabita Patowary (Department of Psychology, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnatak)

The present study attempts to examine the significant influence of laughter yoga on psychological wellbeing, physical wellbeing and affect of the individuals. The sample consisted of 35 individuals aged 40-60 years. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The tools used in this study are Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Test and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. B.P and glucose level was also checked. Tests were administered and recorded before and after the intervention. 4 weekly sessions of laughter yoga was used as an intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used where scores of pre and post-test were compared with the help of paired sample t test. Results indicate that the subjects' scores are improved in all the six subscales of psychological wellbeing and positive affect is increased whereas negative affect decreased. Subjects also show marginal improvement in B.P and glucose level. Thus, laughter yoga can be used as a healing tool which has significant influence on both physical and psychological wellbeing of individuals and can also help in leading a prosperous life.

Pages: 1665-1668Plabita Patowary (Department of Psychology, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnatak)

Pages: 1669-1673
Sona Raghuvanshi (Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

The present study aims to compare criminals and non-criminals on the basis of psychological factors like Hostility, guilt-feeling, conflict over hostility and different areas of approval motive. The study was conducted on 200 respondents including 100 criminals and 100 non-criminals. The criminals were selected from the four important jails of Bihar namely Patna, Buxar, Gaya and Bhagalpur and equal number of non-criminals (persons having non-criminals record) were also selected from the same four towns of Bihar mentioned above. The sample was purposive one and included only married males in the age group of 21 to 40, who had minimum education up to seventh standard. The scales used were (1) Questionnaire of Hostility, Guilt and Conflict (Q-HGC, Sowaid, 1972), and, (2) Approval Motive Scale developed by Tripathi and Tripathi (1980). The data obtained were analyzed by t-test. The hypotheses formulated were:(1)The criminals would score higher on hostility as compared to the non-criminals.(2) The criminal group of subject would score lower on guilt feeling toward hostility than their non-criminal counterparts.(3) The criminal group of subjects would score high on conflict over feeling of hostility than the non-criminal group of subjects.(4)The criminals would score lower on normative behavior as compared to non-criminals.(5) The criminal group of subjects would score lower on social conformity than the non-criminal group of subjects.(6) The criminals would score lower on positive self-presentation area of approval motive as compared to non-criminal group of subjects.(7)The criminal group of subjects would score lower on the dependency area of approval motive compared to the non-criminal group of subjects.(8) The criminal group of subjects would score lower on defensiveness as compared to the non-criminals.(9)The criminals as a group would score lower on social responsiveness area of approval motive as compared to the non-criminal group of subjects.(10) The criminal group of subjects would score lower on social approval than the non-criminal group of subjects. The findings confirmed eight hypotheses, while two hypotheses could not be substantiated.

Pages: 1669-1673Sona Raghuvanshi (Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

Pages: 1674-1678
Anjali Malik, Sarvdeep Kohli and Ajay Kumar (Department of Psychology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Home is the social-biological unit that exerts the greatest influence on the development of the individual's behaviour. Researchers and theorists have increasingly recognized the role of home environment for the overall development of the children especially the adolescents. Keeping all this in mind, the present investigation was carried out to explore the relationships between home environment and self esteem. A correlational design was adopted in the present study. A sample of 200 adolescents (100 males and 100 females) of 10th and 11th standard was selected. The age range of the participants was 15-17 years. Home environment inventory and self esteem inventory were administered on the subjects individually. The data was analyzed by coefficient of correlation by Pearson's product moment method. The results indicated that out of ten dimensions of home environment only five dimensions are significantly related to self esteem. Punishment, social isolation and deprivation of privileges have been found significantly and negatively related the self esteem whereas significant and positive relationship have been found on reward and permissiveness dimensions amongst adolescents. It indicates that punishment, high social isolation and deprivation of privileges at home significantly lower the self esteem of adolescents. On the other hand, materialistic and symbolic rewards and freedom to express their views lead to high self esteem. No significant relationships were found between control, protectiveness, conformity, nurturance and rejection and self esteem amongst adolescents. From the present findings it can be inferred that modifications in the home environment can be made to make it favorable for the holistic development of adolescents.

Pages: 1674-1678Anjali Malik, Sarvdeep Kohli and Ajay Kumar (Department of Psychology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages: 1685-1687
Anjana Bhattacharjee and Rebeka Debbarma (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura (West))

The present study investigated the level of educational aspiration among school students. The research sample comprised of one hundred and twenty subjects (N = 120) who were categorized in two groups. One group comprised of 60 male students and the other group comprised of 60 female students. All of them were selected purposively from two Government schools of Agartala of which one was English medium school and the other was Bengali medium school. Data were collected by Level of Educational Aspiration Test (LEAT). Results showed significant difference among male and female students in regard to their level of educational aspiration. However the study did not find any significant impact of medium of learning on the level of educational aspiration of school students.

Pages: 1685-1687Anjana Bhattacharjee and Rebeka Debbarma (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura (West))

Pages: 1688-1691
Anuradha, Amandeep Kaur, Mukesh Nagar, Jagbir Malik and Varun Arora (Department of Community Medicine, Pt. BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana)
Savita Chahal (Department of Psychiatry, Pt. BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana)

Domestic violence against women is a widespread, deeply ingrained evil, which has serious impact on health and well-being of the females. It is important to know the reasons for domestic violence for timely intervention. To study the reasons for domestic violence against married females of Haryana. It is a cross sectional study carried out on 880 currently married females of reproductive age group in both rural and urban areas of Haryana using Women's Questionnaire to find the prevalence of domestic violence. A specially designed semi structured questionnaire was administered to participants to assess the reasons for domestic violence. In rural area, the common causes of initiation of violence were arguing, substance abuse and poor family income. Arguing, substance abuse and refusal for sex were the common reasons stated by urban women. Breach of privacy was the most common reason reported by victims for not seeking help.

Pages: 1688-1691Anuradha, Amandeep Kaur, Mukesh Nagar, Jagbir Malik and Varun Arora (Department of Community Medicine…

Pages: 1692-1695
Rajesh G Meshram (Department of Psychology, Jijamata College, Nandurbar, Nandurbar)

This study examined the school related activities that parents in with their children. The study also examined how parents in Nandubar perceive their involvement and expectations of their children's academic achievement goals. Sixteen parents (15 females and 1 male) who had children in standards five, six, or seven participated in the study. Participants were parents from four different areas of Nandubar. Parents were more involved with their children at home by encouraging their children to put effort. Parents also went to school to communicate with the teachers at school. Some parents assisted with homework even though most parents were challenged by the content their child was learning. Parents had high expectations of their children's academic life regardless of their children's performance in class. Various beliefs mingled with parents' expectations and their children's achievement goal. Although parents varied in their involvement, there was not much difference in their expectations. Lack of time and challenging subject matter were challenges to parents' involvement.

Pages: 1692-1695Rajesh G Meshram (Department of Psychology, Jijamata College, Nandurbar, Nandurbar)

Pages: 1696-1698
Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, C.C.S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)

In the present study an attempt has been made to study the effect of Type A- Type B behavior pattern on coping strategies of cardiovascular patients. In order to pursue the above objective Type A/B behavioral pattern scale and coping strategies scale were used to collect the data. The sample considered of 120 patients selected from various hospitals and clinics. 60 patients were those who have Type A behavior pattern 60 patients were those who have Type B behavior pattern. In each group there were equal numbers of male and female. Data were analyzed by using 2x2 ANOVA. Findings of the study revealed that patients of Type A behavior pattern use more approach coping strategies than patients of type B behavior pattern. However there is no difference in the using of avoidance coping. Female patients use more emotion focused coping than male patients while male patients use more problem focused coping than female patients.

Pages: 1696-1698Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, C.C.S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 1699-1703
Arti C. Kandolkar (S.N.D.T. Womens University, Pune Campus, Pune)
R. N. Kenchappanavar (Karnatata Arts College, Dharwad, Karnatak)

Autism is the most severe developmental disability. It involves impairments in social interaction, limited interests, strange eating or sleeping behaviors or a tendency to hurt oneself. Parenting a child with Autism can be an exhausting task, which may increase parental burden of care and may affect the quality of life. The present study aims to examine the Quality of life and burden of care of parents of autistic and normal children. The sample for the research comprised of 56 Parents of Autistic children and 74 Parents of Normal children. The sample of parents of autistic children was selected with the help of hospital and NGO records and the parents of normal children were selected from the schools of Pune and Mumbai city of Maharashtra. The questionnaires used for the study were Psychological Well-Being Scale by Ryff and Burden of Care Scale by Thara et al. (1998). The results reveal that when the 'Quality of life' as a whole, is considered, there is no significant difference between parents of Autistic and parents of Normal children (t= .368 is not significant) but dimension wise analysis shows that the parents of autistic children differ significantly on 'Environmental Mastery' (t = 2.46; p < 0.05), and 'Self Acceptance' (t = 3.31; p < 0.01). On 'Burden of care' scale a significant difference is seen between parents of Autistic and normal children (t = 3.40, p < 0.01).

Pages: 1699-1703Arti C. Kandolkar (S.N.D.T. Womens University, Pune Campus, Pune)R. N. Kenchappanavar (Karnatata Arts College…
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