Pages: 40-44
Pankaj Singh, Himanshu Dua, Anjali Edbor, Nilofer Mujawar and Bhushan Kherde (NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, Digdoh Hills, Nagpur, Maharashtra)

The Present study to examine the effect of cognitive special educational training (CSET) and behavior therapy effect on scholastic backward children. 60 school going children's teachers complaining of scholastic backwardness and behavior issues, age range from 8 to 10 years were recruited based on random sampling. They were administered the Conners 3™ Self Report Short questionnaires (C. Keith Conners, Ph.D.) in the sample group. An Analysis of variance showed that the F ratio 379.5467 is larger than the F crit value 3.047012 .The F crit (3.047012) is the critical value as extracted from the f-distribution in statistical tables based on two values of degrees of freedom df of 2 and 177. p < 0.05 we can reject null hypothesis (Means are different) and as we can see the mean level of First Face (Conners 3™ Self Report Short)-41.43333, is higher than that of the second phase (Conners 3™ Self Report Short) -20.56667, and Third Face (Conners 3™ Self Report Short) - 14.75).Different Means say that there is an effect of level of CSET and Behavior therapy help ADHD children and improve their academic skills. Cognition base special educational training & Behavior therapy program improves body functions, including intelligence, sustained attention, memory, or executive functions; affect activities, including increasing learning and applying knowledge and improving attending and completing tasks; or enhance participation, including moving across educational levels, succeeding in the educational program.

Pages: 49-52
Sharma, K. (Department of Psychology, D. P. Vipra P.G. College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh)
Tiwari, P. S. N. (Department of Psychology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U.P.)

The aim of the present study is to examine the role of education in choice behavior & time orientation of rural population. The sample consists of 200 male villagers of Kushinager and Gorakhpur districts. The choice behavior was measured by the measure of Chaubey (1974) and the time orientation (past, present and future) was measured by the measure of Cottle (1976). The data was analyses using Mean & F-ratio. Result revealed that only education level was found significant on choice behavior suggesting that low level of education is associated with relatively higher rise in taking a decision. However low high and medium levels of education was found to be associated with lower risk in decision making. Result also showed that developed village subjects were significantly differs on experiential inventory than undeveloped subjects. The implications of the findings have been discussed.

Pages: 57-60
Richa Singh and Ami Pathak (IBS, Gujarat Forensic Sciences, University, Gujrat)
Dheeraj Kumar (Institute of Research and Development, Raksha Shakti University, Ahmedabad)

Education in current scenario involves lots of competition giving rise to academic stress in school children. It might emerge from anticipated academic challenges or failure. Support from parents, teachers and friends becomes all more important under these conditions. Lack of such support in the presence of academic stress might affect the psychological wellbeing of school children. Thus, the current study aims to see the association between academic stress, perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among school students. Sample comprised of 40 school students selected on the purposive basis using cross-sectional study design. Scales consisted of Academic stress scale (Kohn & Frazer, 1986), Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (Zimet & Dahlem, 1988) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979). The analysis comprised of means, standard deviations and correlations by using SPSS (version-20.0). The result consisted of the effects of academic stress and perceived social support on the psychological wellbeing.

Pages: 65-68
Richa Ojha (National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child, Development NIPCCD, Lucknow, U.P.)
Varun Kumar (Clinical Psychologist, Ankur Rehab Center, Dharampuri, Indore, M.P.)

Happiness is the realization of one's potential. It consisted of the presence of pleasure and absence of pain. It emerges when several specific life conditions are met, such as self-acceptance, environmental mastery, personal growth, and relatedness. Very limited researches have been done on the Body Image and Emotional Well Being among University Students. So this research will be an attempt on this path. To see the relationship between body image and emotional well-being among university students. A sample of 223 university students (of both sexes) was selected by purposive sampling method from Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University Jaunpur, in the age range of 18-25 years. The major thrust of the present investigation was to study the Body image and emotional well-being among university students. Correlation analysis was used to measure the linear relationship between predicting and outcome variables. The body image variables are significantly correlated with emotional well being variables. Body image variables significantly positively correlated with Life satisfaction variables (.276**). Body image variables significantly positively correlated with Positive affect variables (.415**).Body image variables significantly correlated with Negative affect variables (-.240**). Body image variables significantly positively correlated with Social connectedness variables (.311**). In essence, the present study highlights the influence of emotional well-being on body image among university students. It can be said that the emotional well-being significantly influenced body image.

Pages: 74-76
Richa Sharma (Department of Psychology, Govt. D.B.P.G. College Raipur, Chhattisgarh)

Twenty first century is the era of fitness and self awareness. Today, every human being wants to be fit and fine. This feeling has become stronger than ever before. The term self care is self awareness. In this digital age, preventive self care and the promotion of behavioural health and wellness is making more and more sense. Self care is not only related to physical fitness, but it also includes aspects like mental health and social matters. It has been seen, that some traits of personality that approach to the category of attitude are mode of adjustment to specific aspect of life situation. Exrtroversion and introversion are such an attitude trait. Jung (1960) held that a man is extrovert, when he gives importance to the outer world and takes the decisions accordingly. He is introvert, when a person takes the decisions according to his subjective preferences. Jung classified people into Extrovert, Introvert and Ambivert. It was hypothesized, that extrovert subjects would score more on self care measures than the introverts. Many studies support our hypothesis. 40 girls of govt. school studying in class 10 served as the subjects for this study. Test of Extroversion Introversion This test developed by Singh (1986) was used to measure the extroversion and introversion of the subjects. 2. Self Care Scale Self care is the dependent variable for the present study. It is a test designed by Tiwari and Verma. The objective of the present study is to measure the effect of personality type on self care. Personality type i.e. extroversion and introversion was taken as the independent variable, while self care was the dependent variable. When the average self care scores for introvert and extrovert personality were measured, it came to be 23.50 and 25.82 respectively. When we see t ratio, it is found to be significant, t= 2.21, p < .05, which indicates that the personality type ( introvert and extrovert ) certainly makes a difference in self care of our subjects. A significant t ratio shows, that both the personality types differ in their degree of self care. American Psychological Association(2000), Sceppento(2001), Silverman(2001) etc. have done the studies and found the same results, I.e., extrovert people take very good kind of self care as compared to the introverts.

Pages: 81-83
Pradeep Kumar (Department of Law, J.J.T. University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan)

Sexual harassment of women at workplace is a threat not only for the working women but also for nation's economy. The impact of the harassment of sexual nature on the victims degrade the work efficiency besides generating many ill effects. The knowledge about the sexual harassment and its relevant elements is greatly required in order to control and regulate the same. The available review of the relatent literature helps us to understand thoroughly the term sexual harassment. The present research study attempts to explore about it and also to know about the attitude of working women of health and education sector workplaces of district Sirsa, Haryana.

Pages: 89-92
Yasmeen Mahmoud Abdel Aziz Mohamed (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Helwan University, Egypt)

Individuals elaborate incidents happening around them through the intellectual content and fixed beliefs found in their previous e schema. For all people, beliefs about self, others and the world are formed during childhood. One of the deepest beliefs is core beliefs that are essential and fixed seen by individuals as absolute fact. (Beck and Beck, 2007, translated) Thus, these beliefs and ideas forming individual s' schema affect their perceptions, emotions and responses towards situations. Therefore, these beliefs allow normal individuals to cognitively assess what happens around them correctly and have positive emotions reflected on individuals' behaviors and life approach .Consequently; individulas feel positive feelings such as life satisfaction, comfort and joy resulting in happiness feelings. (Saleh, 2014). The psychological relativity theory explains the schema through construction factor assuming that a schema is a skeleton including the basic features of individuals' behavioral categories. This schema is regulated through individuals' experiences and affects their perception and responses in facing their environment. Thus a schema includes all cognitive constructs related to a certain life subject. Happy individulas are characterized with mature schemata that are clear and specified. Individuals are aware of them and through which they behave consciously and automatically. Schemata characterizing constructive activity leading to happiness are : cognitive representational (figurative) schemata, emotional schemata, incentive schemata, behaveoral and physiological schemata. Happy individuals explain a situation using cognitive criterion, namely specification; that is an error is not generalized on all situations, moderateness, quietness, realism, goodness expectancy and selection while judging matters. (Shalaby, 2001). Therefore, happiness is considered a common pursuit for all human beings. It is a one of the objectives and a dimension of mental health. It is also one of the determinants of healthy personality. Aptitudes to happiness or misery are formed during childhood. In adolescence, these aptitudes develop as a result of the interaction between inherited factors and socialization. Relatively, these aptitudes are fixed during adulthood and throughout life course. If aptitudes to happiness are higher and aptitudes to misery are lower, the adult becomes more optimistic looking to the most brightening sides of life. Judging the level of happiness is determined by individuals themselves and according to their feelings appraisal in general not currently only. Personal happiness self reports were reliable despite the changing circumstances and time passing. (Basha & Abdel Satar, 2015) This research aims to shed light on theories explaining schemata and happiness as well as the relations between both of them

Pages: 97-101
Anwesha Maitra (Bethune College, Calcutta University, Kolkata, West Bangal)

“Pressure has the power to create a diamond, but it has to be the "right" pressure.” - Shannon L. Alder A human being, being a social animal highly requires a peer group, a group of people who are approximately of the same age, status and interest, for its survival. A peer is a person who is of equal standing with another in a group. Peers serve many important roles in the life of a developing child. From toddlerhood through adolescence, peers serve to meet the individual's need for acceptance and belonging. They provide valuable messages regarding their socialization, through words and actions, which behaviors are acceptable and which are not. Almost everyone has experienced peer pressure before; either positive or negative. Peer pressure is the influence of a peer group, observers, or an individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform to those of the influencing group or individual. Social groups affected include both membership groups, in which individuals are "formally" members, and cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. Hereby, we will discuss the major two forms of peer pressure, its effects, causes and methods of dealing with them. The most obvious and expected form is the negative peer pressure, which are the ill effects of peer pressure, where the individual confirms to the group norms (even if being harmful to the individual) to stay as a part of the group. Another form is the positive peer pressure which is mostly referred as effects of 'good friendship'. It can help the individual to analyze themselves and contemplate on their ways of life. Looking at what others do, can help them bring about a positive change in their way of thinking. If can be picked selectively, peer pressure can actually result in a positive change in their way of life. Judicially we have to map it to achieve our final goal.

Pages: 110-117
Chetna Sabharwal (Ahlcon International School, Mayur Vihar-I, Delhi)

With current statistics of more than 160 million children in India, it becomes imperative for all counsellors, educators, parents, policymakers and stakeholders to work in collaboration to make our children an empathetic, responsible and resourceful global citizen. The disciplinary problem, degrading morals and ethics and rising concerns in behavioural development amongst children have become a major challenge. This research papermaps the directive principles of discipline in a school; the effects of proactive, reactive and punitive approach; root causes attributing to the students discipline problems; how to cope with the disciplinary problems through positive interventions. A qualitative analysis of few cases cited in the paper is an effort to understand and promote self-discovery among the children and create an urge to lead from within. Social-emotional learning (SEL),” the process through which children and adults acquire and effectively apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals, feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make responsible decisions”is used to develop discipline among students. SEL is a promising approach that is able to reduce risky behaviours, increase desirable behaviours, brings emotional stability and thus results in promoting positive development.

Pages: 121-123
Puneet Tokas (Department of Physical Education, D. N. P. G. College, Hisar, Haryana)
Yashpal (Shahid Udham Singh College, Matak-Majri, Indri, Karnal,Haryana)

Sports philanthropy has grown into a major endeavor in the past several decades, with more attention and research finally beginning to be devoted to the area. So, the present study was planned to study the sports achievements of contact, semi-contact and non-contact sports at national level. The results indicated that the psychological variables (Power of Motive, Motive to achieve success, Motive to Avoid Failure) was not found to have significant differences in contact & semi-contact players, contact & non-contact players, semi-contact & non contact players at national level.

Pages: 128-130
Jagtar Singh (Department of Political Science, Khalsa College, Patiala, Punjab)

All the political systems are embedded in their historical past, though they work differently in different political and social settings. Democracy and representative institutions are however, by no means entirely new to India. Existence of some deliberative representative bodies and democratic self governing institutions could be traced back to as early as the Vedic age. Even in Ancient period, justice, religion and law were closely interconnected. The King, with the assistance of his ministers, carried on the Kingdom's administration. There was no separation of powers between legislative and judicial bodies of the state. They functioned co-operatively with each other under the authority of the King. In this article an attempt has been made to trace the historical background of representative institutions in India. After that the development, functioning and relationship between these institutions has been also discussed.

Pages: 134-136
Meenu Sindhu (Department of Economics, Govt. P.G. College, Hisar)

Poverty is the inability to get the minimum requirements of life. These minimum requirements include food, clothing, housing, education and basic health requirement. Some researchers view it as a reaction to the stress of being poor, whereas other perceives it as a process of adapting to the condition of poverty. Haryana is an agriculturally prosperous state. A large majority of population of the state is either engaged or dependent on agriculture. In Haryana, percentage of population living below poverty line is less than national average, but it is still higher than the neighboring states of Punjab and Himanchal Pradesh. The present paper reviews on causes and alleviation strategies and programmes in Haryana state.