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Pages: 900-907
Jaya Jotwani and Dinesh Nagar (Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh)

Residential satisfaction in high rise apartment complexes have been emerged as influencing frameworks in psychology and personal life satisfaction, community life style, health and well-being. In the Indian context very few studies on residential satisfaction has been conducted in high rise residential complexes. The present study attempts to examine the main and interactional effects of occupancy status and gender on evaluation of complex amenities, influencing factor for choosing flat in high rise, neighborhood relationship, social support health, happiness and residential satisfaction. Three hundred male and female residents participated in the present survey. A 2x2 factorial design structure involving gender (male vrs females) and two floor levels (owner vrs tenant) was utilized. The main effects of gender and occupancy status on major outcome variables were found significant. While looking at the results it seems very clear that substantially large number of residents exhibited moderately high level of satisfaction with complex amenities, reported moderately high level of residential satisfaction and better community life style in the complex. Some of the results are found consistent with the previous studies. Implications of the results are discussed.
Pages: 908-911
Shilpi Aggarwal and Punam Midha (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Internet, over last one decade, has become an integral part of our daily life. In the contemporary technological era, though internet has connected people 24x7, yet this nearness has appeared to be resulted into a psychological distance among them. Hence there are controversial evidences as some have reported more closeness can be observed among internet users, while others have reported that internet usage has led to loneliness among its users. So the present study in an attempt to explore the level of internet usage and its association with intrinsic disconnectivity, i.e., feeling of loneliness among its young users. A purposive sample of 60 college students both male and female within the age range of 19 to 21 years both from urban and rural areas of Faridabad district was drawn. To measure the internet usage and loneliness level, Young's Internet Addiction test and UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russel, 1996) were used. Descriptive statistics was used to find out the prevalent level of internet usage and the level of loneliness among youth. Further, correlational analysis was done to find out the relationship between internet connectivity and corresponding intrinsic disconnectivity among youth.
Pages: 912-914
Shalini Singh (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)
Nisar Ahmad Wani (Government Degree College for Women Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir)

The present study was designed to study the effect of job stress and burnout on the mental health of medical and paramedical professionals. A total sample of 320 (120 medical professionals & 200 paramedical professionals) belonging to an age group of 30-45 years, having at least 5 years of job experience in same set-up was selected .Job stress survey(JSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Mental health Inventory (MHI) were administered to measure these variables. Results revealed that Job pressure, Emotional Exhaustion and depersonalization emerged as significant predictors in deterioration of mental health of medical and paramedical professionals.
Pages: 915-916
Poonam Rani and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Maternal education has positive impacts on soft skills and social skills of children. Soft skills including effective communication, social, professional ethics, problem solving, decision-making, and organizational skills are needed in adventure education to enhance the learning of children. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. Two areas were selected purposively i.e., rural and urban, from urban area Hisar city and from rural area two villages namely Balsmand and Kharia were taken for collection of data. A total of 200 children in three age groups, namely, 3, 4 and 5 years were selected for the study. Maternal education was independent variable. Soft skills and social skills were taken as dependent variable. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale of Social Maturity (Sparrow et al., 1935) was used to determine soft skills and social skills among children. Result revealed that soft and social skills were significantly related with mother education (c2 = 27.73**) and (c2 = 12.36*) in rural areas but both skills were not significant with mother education in urban (c2 = 2.45) and (2 = 1.29) areas.
Pages: 917-919
Anjali Rana, Zahoor Lone, and Pooja Thakur (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab)

The purpose of current study was to find the relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness among undergraduate students of Lovely Professional University (Punjab) over 150 undergraduate students (n=150). Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) were used in this study. Pearson product moment correlation, linear regression analyses and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The results depict that there is a significant positive correlation between various dimensions of emotional intelligence and happiness.
Pages: 920-922
Ritu Rani, Nandha Kumara Pujam, and Riya (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Madhya Pradesh)

Sexual dysfunction is defined as the inability to enjoy the sexual activities or disturbed sexual desires. It is a difficulty at any stage of the sexual activity including arousal, pleasure, orgasm and resolution. The objective of the current study is to compare the sexual dysfunction between patients with depression and mania. This is a descriptive study using cross sectional study design. The sample comprises of 20 patients with depression and 20 patients with mania (both male & female). Data were collected from Gajraraja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh; the samples were selected using random sampling method. To assess the sexual dysfunction “Changes in Sexual Functioning for Female (CSFQ-F) and Changes in Sexual Functioning for Male (CSFQ-M) were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version to compute the independent “t” test to assess the mean difference between mania and depression in sexual dysfunction. The results showed decreased sexual functioning in the depressive disorder and hypersexuality in mania.
Pages: 923-927
Isha Gulati (Department of Applied Psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Utter Pradesh)
Sneha Saha (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Utter Pradesh)

Flexibility is a construct that has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. How ever there is very little that is known regarding its relationship with personality. The current study is an attempt to elucidate the relationship between psychological flexibility and personality. Psychological Flexibility can be defined as an individual's ability to consciously associate to the present moment and to make decisions based on deeply held values despite the presence of troublesome thoughts and conflicting emotions. Personality on the other hand can be defined as an individual's unique pattern of feeling, thinking and behaving. The purpose of the study was to understand the relationship between Personality and Psychological Flexibility on the grounds of gender variance. The sample size of the study was 60 (30 males & 30 females), age range between 18-20 years. The tools used in the study were Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-2 developed by Frank Bond and Myers Briggs Preference Questionnaire developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers for measuring Psychological Flexibility and Personality Types respectively among youth. The scores were analysed by computing Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the results revealed that there was significant relationship (-0.09) between the two variables. For males the correlation was found out to be negative (-0.374) while for females the correlation was found out to be positive (0.06). It may be concluded that there exists a relationship between Psychological Flexibility and Personality. Keeping this in mind the youth must be trained to become more and more psychologically flexible as it is the key to mental health and well-being.
Pages: 928-930
Poonam and Shalini Singh (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

The present study aims to explore the relationship between spiritual values, organizational citizenship behavior and performance of nurses. For the purpose of the study, a sample of 100 female nurses of age group between 30-40 years which having five years experience in their profession. Government hospital nurses has been selected in the sample. Spirituality Attitude scale, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Nursing Performance Scale were administered on the subjects. Data was analyzed by using correlation method. The result reveals that positive relationship between spiritual values, organizational citizenship behavior and performance of nurses.
Pages: 931-933
Ritika and Gagandeep Kaur (Department of Education, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

The present study focused on academic stress and its relation with mental health of adolescents. The Present study was conducted on 120 adolescent students of class 9th of schools of Amritsar city. Data was analysed by using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. Moderate and significant correlations were observed between academic stress, perceived democratic parenting style and mental health of the adolescents. To explore the overall effect of democratic parenting style as moderator in the relationship between academic stress and mental health of adolescents, the R2 values of the regression model that included academic stress and its interaction with perceived democratic parenting style was compared with the regression model having academic stress without interaction terms. Significant interaction effect of perceived democratic parenting style of adolescent and academic stress was observed in the analysis.
Pages: 934-937
Preeti Masih (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)

In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological/ emotional abuse, and child sexual abuse. By learning some of the common warning signs of child abuse and neglect, we can catch the problem as early as possible and get both the child and the abuser the help that they need. Children are at a much greater risk in certain situations: alcohol and drug abuse, stress and lack of support, domestic violence, lack of parenting skills and untreated mental illness. Some of the effects of child abuse and neglect are physiological effect, psychological effect, trust and relationship difficulties, and core feelings of being “worthless” or “damaged” and trouble regulating emotions. According to the BBC News 2017, in India, a child is sexually abused every 15 minutes, according to the latest government figure a study on Child Abuse: India 2007, conducted by Ministry of Women and Child development (GOI) revealed, two out of every three children were physically abused. 53.22% children reported having faced one or more forms of sexual abuse. Every second child reported facing emotional abuse. India has signed a number of international documents and declarations that pertain to the rights of the children. The Constitution of India contains a number of provisions for the protection and welfare of the children. It found that child neglect and child abuse were far more common in single-parent families than in families where both parents are present. A number of treatments are available to victims of child abuse, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, child-parent psychotherapy, group therapy, play therapy, and art therapy.
Pages: 938-940
Pooja Thakur, Zahoor Ahmad Lone, and Mudasir Ahmad Wani (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Punjab)

The aim of present research investigation was to study the influence of psychological stress on suicidal ideation among male and female adolescents. The present research was carried out in Haridwar (Uttrakhand). The present researches choose psychological stress as predictor variable and suicidal ideation as criterion variable. Sample for present research was chosen (n=150) by stratified random sampling, comprising of 75 males and 75 females. The Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire SBHQ revised version was used and The Perceived Life Event Scale (PSLES) Kumar (1995). Strong correlation was established among males over stress and suicidal ideation (r=0.42*) and among female over stress and suicidal ideation (0.60*)
Pages: 941-942
Nikita Hazarika, Nandha Kumara Pujam, and Riya (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh)

ADHD is the one of the common neuro-developmental condition in children; however more studies are required to identify the prevalence in Indian context. Hence the present study aimed to determine the gender difference with ADHD symptoms among school going children in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. It was a cross sectional study done on a total of 542 school going children with the age group of 5-12 years using Conner's Abbreviated Rating Scale by Quota Sampling method. Data was analysed for percentage and frequency using SPSS 16.0 version. Results showed a prevalence of 47 children with ADHD symptoms out of 542 children in which 37 were males and 10 were females. This study indicates the importance of early recognition and early intervention of this disorder.
Pages: 943-947
Narender (Resource Teacher, IEDSS Centre, GSSS, Jind, Haryana)

In modern era, Mental health of adolescents is a major concern area for psychologists. In order to find out resilience, coping, temperament and emotional intelligence contribute and predict mental health among female adolescents, the present study was planned. Mental Health Battery (MHB), Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Intelligence (MMEI), Resilience Scale (RS), Coping Checklist (CCL) and The Formal Characteristics of Behavior-Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI) were employed on 200 female adolescents within the age range of 15 to 19 years. The data was subjected to Multiple Regression analysis. Results revealed that emotional intelligence (motivating oneself, managing emotions, handling relationships), coping (denial/blame, social support) and temperament (endurance, sensory sensitivity) 48 % variance (R2=.48) of mental health among female adolescents.
Pages: 948-951
Naina Kapoor and Tejinder Kaur (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The aim of this paper is to explain and discuss the autobiographical account of Akhtar's book 'Tarkash'. The paper focuses on empirical exploration of narrator's life using life story approach as a method of qualitative psychology. The approach takes as foundational the propositions that (1) people construct and internalize stories to make sense of their lives, (2) these autobiographical stories have enough psychological meaning and staying power to be told to others as narrative accounts, and (3) these narrative accounts, when told to psychological researchers, can be analyzed for content themes, structural properties, functional attributes, and other categories that speak to their psychological, social, and cultural meanings. The paper reviews and integrates recent theory and research on life stories as manifested in investigations of self understanding, personality structure and change, and the complex relations between individual lives and cultural modernity. With this assertion, the present paper attempts to study translation of Akhtar's volume of poems Tarkash titled as Quiver in English, translated by Mathews. It attempts to bring out the traces of Indian tradition as well as present day Indian urban life with problems of living in a street of Mumbai, lying beneath the universal themes like love, disillusionment and social injustice and a philosophy of life. One sentence that I can dedicate to this book is : Humne to jindagi batayi thi .. log kavitaye samajh ke padhne lage.
Pages: 952-954
Mallika Vohra and Neelam Pandey (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Mindfulness is an assert to be developed. It is an attribute of consciousness believed to promote well being .It can be cultivated and does mediate positive outcomes. Cultivating mindfulness , however leads to well- being and can be defined as a state of being attentive to and awareness of what is taking part in the present and its importance on its relationship with other significant psychological constructs and their relevance to a variety of forms of psychological well being. Many philosophical, spiritual and psychological traditions emphasize the importance of the quality of maintenance and enhancement of well being. The concept of Mindfulness has its origin in Buddhism and other contemplative traditions where conscious attention and awareness are actively constructed and therefore the practice of mindfulness among school going children becomes very important in enhancing the mental, emotional, social, physical health and well being and bringing about greater calmness, relaxation and the ability to manage both, behavior and emotions. It is therefore in the 21th century recommended that the curricula must engage students to enrich their lives and gain insight into the timeless dilemmas of human condition. Thus, being instrumental in the development of cognitive and performance skills in helping children and adolescents pay greater attention ,be more focused ,think in more innovative ways, use existing knowledge more effectively and be more be analytical with effective reasoning skills.
Pages: 955-959
J. Indumathy (Madras School of Social Work, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

Family Connectedness is defined as a particular characteristic of the family bond also referred as family or parental closeness, support, warmth, or responsiveness. Neuroticism is a tendency to experience negative feelings, marked by mental distress, emotional suffering, and an inability to cope effectively with the normal demands of life. Teenagers are the individuals belonging to the age group between 13 to 19years. The present study is conducted explore the relationship between neuroticism and family connectedness of the teenagers. The exploratory research design which is widely utilized to gain additional insight and explore the research questions is used in the present study. The exploration is used to find if the neuroticism of an individual has any association with the connection they have with their family. The data was collected among 127 students from 5 different schools in Chennai. Using simple random sampling technique students from 17 19 years of age by lottery method were randomly selected for participation. Eysenck's personality Inventory, Short Form (1985) and Family Connectedness Scale adapted from the FACES-II are the tools used for the study. The data is statistically analysed utilizing the SPSS 20 version software using parametric tests such as Independent Sample t-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Linear Regression. The results of the study indicate a significant negative relationship between family connectedness and neuroticism. There were no significant gender differences in the variables among the sample. Regression analysis showed that family connectedness was as strong predictor for neuroticism in a person. Further significant, limitations and recommendations are discussed in the paper.
Pages: 960-962
Gargee Kanhere, Nandha Kumara Pujam, and Riya (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh)

Psychotic like experiences subject the individuals to varying severity of distress. There is a dearth of research in the experience of distress associated with the prodromal psychosis phase in Indian population. Since adolescence is considered a crucial point for initiation of psychosis, the objective of the present study was to assess the distress experienced by males and female school going adolescents of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, with respect to psychotic like experiences self reported by them. A total of 406 school going adolescents participated in the study with 199 males and 207 female participants. The Prodrome Questionnaire Brief version, a self reported questionnaire, was employed for the study and the distress scores were calculated for each participant subsequently analysed for the frequency of the significant distress scores. The results indicated that 100 out of the 406 school going adolescents reported significant distress, in which, 63 were males, and 37 were females.
Pages: 963-967
Aradhana Sharma (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College Panjab University, Chandigarh)
Dhara Khokhar (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Ones perception about his or her appearance, the feelings and thoughts associated with it, forms one's body image. Body image disturbance or negative body image entails body image dissatisfaction. It is linked with poor psychological and social adjustment. Sociocultural pressures towards appearance are studied to be associated with body image. The current study investigated the relation between Body image disturbance and sociocultural pressures towards appearance and any gender differences in them. 100 males and 100 females from the age range of 18-22 from the urban areas (middle high socio-economic status) were taken as the sample. It was seen that there was a positive correlation between Body image disturbance and sociocultural pressures towards appearance. Females were high on body image disturbance and thin internalization whereas, males were high on muscular internalization and pressure from family.
Pages: 968-971
Harguneet Kaur and Anuradha Bhandari (Department of Psychology, Punjab University, Chandigarh)

Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well in all settings. The profession of nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of ill, disabled and dying people, advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management ,and education” (International Council of Nurses, 2017). Nurses are an epitome of care. According to Stamm (2010), nurses derive pleasure by providing care to patients and by contributing to the larger good of the society. However, there are negative effects of caring which can have mental and emotional impact on nurses (Hooper, Craig, Janvrin, Wetsel, & Reimels, 2010). These adverse consequences of working with traumatized populations can be manifested in the form of burnout and compassion fatigue (Figley, 2002). Nurses have a longstanding history of witnessing the tragedy experienced by patients and families; however their own reactions to profound loss and premature death have not been systematically addressed. Unregulated compassion fatigue effects the quality of care provided by nurses (Boyle, 2011). Burnout and secondary traumatic stress are a cause of concern for mental health administration as the organization can function properly only when the staff is healthy (Rudolph, Stamm, & Stamm, 1997). This makes it essential to care for the caregivers who selflessly provide unrivaled and immeasurable care to people. This paper is a review of self-care practices, ways and coping mechanisms directed toward the enhancement of compassion satisfaction and reduction of burnout and compassion fatigue, consequently improving the professional quality of life of nurses.
Pages: 512-516
Amita Kaistha (Department of Distance Education, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The present study was undertaken with an effort to see the relationship between self-directed learning and academic achievement of students pursuing teacher training course through distance mode. A sample of 84 students was taken and administered with Self Rating Scale of Self- directed Learning (SRSSDL) developed by Swapna Naskar Williamson (2007) to measure self-directedness among them. The results of present study revealed that except learning activities component of self-directed learning there exist no significant gender difference in the awareness, learning strategies, evaluation, interpersonal skills components of self-directed learning and self-directed learning (aggregate). The study found that except awareness component of self-directed learning no significant difference was found in learning strategies, learning activities, evaluation, interpersonal skills components of self-directed learning and self-directed learning (aggregate) with respect to residential background among teacher training course students. Further, a positive relationship was found between all the components of self-directed learning, self-directed learning (aggregate) and academic achievement, but the relationship was not significant.
Pages: 517-524
Benkat Krishna Bharti (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)
Ruchi Singh (UGC Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

In the development of a psychological instrument, two essential aspects of psychometrics i.e. 'reliability and validity' of the instrument is required. In the present study the questionnaire developers starts content validity process with a set of 122 items by computing Content Validity Index (CVI) using judges' ratings on each item by considering the item's 'relevancy and clarity' rated by the panel of seven subject experts. Their ratings were used to calculate the Item level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale level content validity index (S-CVI). Scale level content validity index (S-CVI) was calculated by using the average approach. On the basis of the I-CVI, decision for retaining, retaining, revising and excluding the items was taken. Modified kappa was also performed for adjusting chance agreement from the degree of agreement. The final SPQ contained 120 items.
Pages: 525-530
Jagmeet Kaur and Imran Hussain (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab)

The present research was conducted to see the effect of spirituality on hope, self-efficacy and commitment of private and public bank employees. Various studies by different researchers are stated to see the effects of spirituality on hope, self-efficacy and commitment. Sample size for the present study is 120 (60 from private banks & 60 from public banks). Descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and linear regression analyses was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that spirituality has direct positive effect on hope, self-efficacy and commitment of public and private bank employees.
Pages: 531-535
Usha Rani and Renuka Sharma (Institute of Teacher Training & Research, BPSMV, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana)

The present study was designed to assess and compare Time Management Skills of male and female students of 10+2 of Science stream of Haryana state, preparing for entrance exams to get admission in professional colleges for medical and engineering courses. The sample of the study comprised of 410 adolescents with equal number of males and females (n=205). The range of the subjects was 16-18years. The sample was chosen by random sampling procedure. Time Management Scale designed by Sansanwal and Prashar (2007) was administered on the sample to assess Time Management Skills. It was hypothesized that female students tend to be high on time management skills than male students. The obtained data was analyzed by employing mean, standard deviation and 't'-test. Significant difference was found in Time Management Skills of male and female students of 10+2 of Science stream.
Pages: 536-538
Mujahid Hassan (Former Head, Post Graduation Department of Political Science, Government College, Malerkotla, Punjab)

The present study ascertained the relationship between religiosity and subjective well-being among working women of Punjab. The sample of the study consisted of 150 working women from different areas of Punjab. They were working in different departments (education, health, social welfare & banking). The tools used for data collection were self made general information schedule, religiosity questionnaire (self made) and subjective well being scale developed by Sell and Nagpal. The results were analyzed by computing mean, SD and coefficient of correlation by using SPSS. The results of the study show that there exists a positive yet significant correlation between religiosity and well-being (r=.61), negative and significant correlation between religiosity and ill-being (r=-.28) and positive and significant correlation between religiosity and overall subjective well-being (r=.48).
Pages: 539-544
Subhash Meena and Saundarya Shrotriya (Department of Psychology, Vasanta College for Women, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

The core intension of this study was to detect the level of perceived stress among IITians and their coping strategies. IITs are known to filter auriferous brains of the country and stress being a universal phenomenon taking toll on IITians has some significance. After already been through a great amount of stress during JEE, they develop such confidence that academic perceived stress is somewhere neutralized. A total number of 200 questionnaires were administered to IIT-BHU students for the present study, out of which 175 were returned and suitable for analysis. The sample consists of both males and females that were divided on the basis of their ages, 16-19 years and 20-22 years. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by Cohen et al. (1983) was administered individually on all participants. As a result it was observed that there is a significant difference between junior year students i.e. 16-19 years and senior year students from 20-22 years. It was concluded that majority showed moderate level of stress as coping strategies were escaping strategies rather than management. In order to avoid stress, IITians indulged and distracted themselves in escape methods focused on coping with their emotions.
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