Pages: 1392-1396
Umed Singh and Dheeraj Kaushik (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The present study was mainly conducted to explore academic motivation correlates of academic achievement in science and commerce streams. For the realization of main objectives 104 students (12th grade) from science and 100 students (12th grade) from commerce stream participated in the present study. Subjects were tested with Academic Motivation Scale. Academic Achievement Index was taken interms of final score of last examination. Obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-ratios, Pearson's correlations and Factor Analysis. Results revealed the science students scoring significantly high in Intrinsic Motivation-Towards Accomplishment, Extrinsic Motivation-Identified Regulation, Extrinsic Motivation- Introjected Regulation, Extrinsic Motivation-External Regulation and Amotivation. Pearson's correlations and factor analyses have revealed Intrinsic Motivation-To Know, Intrinsic Motivation Towards Accomplishment to be positive correlates, and Amotivation as the negative correlate of academic achievement.

Pages: 1402-1410
Yastika Kamboj and Sarabjit Kaur Sran (Mata Sundri College for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The aim of the present study was to examine the differences in the resilience and family environment of women experiencing premenstrual syndrome at different levels of severity. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to the physical and/or emotional symptoms that occur one to two weeks before a woman's period which may interfere with their healthy functioning. A cross-sectional research design was used to do a comparative study between two groups (Women experiencing moderate/severe PMS; Women experiencing no/mild PMS). The sample for the study included 60 female participants in the age group of 20-25 years with 30 participants in each group. While the Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool was used for the screening purposes, the Brief Resilience Scale (Wiggins et al., 2008) and Family Environment Scale (Form Rudolf, 1994) were used for data collection. The data was analyzed using the statistical method of t test for independent samples. The results indicated that there was significant difference in the resilience of women experiencing moderate/severe PMS and that of women experiencing no/mild PMS. They also show a significant difference in terms of cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, independence, intellectual cultural orientation, active recreational orientation, moral religious orientation and organization of families of the two groups. However, there was no significant difference in the achievement orientation and control in the families of the two groups.

Pages: 1419-1424
Manju Mishra (Department of Psychology, H.R.P.G. College, Khalilabad, Sant Kabirnagar, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study investigates the gender bias against female leaders in male and female employees working in different organizations. Despite the significant educational achievement, women are not represented at higher position at the workplace. This trend is present even in developed country like United States. Catalyst survey (2015) reveals that only 5% of the companies in the standard and poor's 500 index had female chief executive officers. Although women are outnumbering men in educational achievements, they are stuck at the bottom or middle level at workplace. McKinsey survey report (2015) reveals that India's corporate sector has only 4% women at senior positions, compared to 25% of women at entry level. The question arises that what are the factors which refrain women from moving ahead to higher positions at workplace. This study aims to analyze those factors. 100 men and women employed in different government organizations participated in the study. 50 respondents were male and50 were female and the age range was 30-45 years. Respondents were working as bank officer and College lecturers. Their income ranged from 45000 to 1, 00000 per month. A 25 item questionnaire was used to measure attitude towards female leader/boss. This questionnaire has 25 items related with three areas (i) Competence (ii) Work family balance and (iii) Relationship/Communication skills. Mean S.D. and t test were conducted to analyze the data. Results indicated that female leaders were found to less competent by male and female participants. Work female balance was also found to be a more significant barrier for female leaders. Relationship with employees was not found to be a significant barrier by men and women respondents. Results and implications have been discussed with reference to the role congruity theory and social stereotype theory.

Pages: 1429-1434
Alphonsa Jose K. and Rejoyson Thangal (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu)
Shinto Thomas (Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University) Bengaluru, Karnataka)

Among 37 million blind people across the globe, a half of them, nearly 15 million are Indian nationals, which is an alarming number. And visual impairment is not just a physical limitation; it has a lot of social and psychological aspects. It is important to consider these aspects too in the researches. Present study deals with the social experiences of the visually impaired adults in India on the areas of perceived support, stereotypes, and discrimination. It employed an in depth interview method using semi-structured, open ended questions to explore the social experiences of twenty five visually impaired adults from the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, of India. Obtained data were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results of this study indicate that the social experience of the visually impaired fall mainly into two different themes; experiences of social support and experiences of discrimination. Social support experiences consist of positive social support, lack of support and negative social support. Results also point out that people experience discrimination in various fields of social life including; accessing public transport, employment, education, and marriage and partner selection. It gives a voice to the experiences and expectations of adults with a visual impairment in a country that has almost half of the world's adults with visual impairments. Further discusses the preferred changes in the social and service systems for a better inclusive, disable friendly society.

Pages: 1439-1444
Sithara E. Former (Department of Clinical Psychology, Prajoty Niketan College, Pudukad, Kerala)
Aneesh V. Appu (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi College, Trivandrum, Kerala)

Prevalence rate of life style diseases are increasing day by day. It is linked with the way people live their life. Diabetes is one of the common lifestyle disease and many psychological and behavioral problems are associated with it. That may affect their mental health. So the aim of the study is to explore Eating Attitude, Resilience, Mental well being, Anxiety, and Diabetic Specific Knowledge among diabetic patients, diabetic patients doing yoga regularly, and normal population. The objective is to understand Eating Attitude, Resilience, Mental well being, Anxiety, and Diabetic Specific Knowledge among diabetic patients, patients doing yoga regularly, and normal population and also find the gender difference in Eating Attitude, Resilience, Mental well being, Anxiety, and Diabetic Specific Knowledge among participants. The Sample for the study consists of three groups, viz., diabetic patients, patients doing yoga regularly, and the normal population. From a total of 300 samples, 100 of them are diabetic patients, 100 of them are diabetic patients doing yoga regularly and 100 from normal population, between the age group of 30-50. They were assessed with Eating Attitudes Test, The BU resilience scale, The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Patient's Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire. ANOVA and 't' test was done to analyze the data obtained. ANOVA results indicated significant relationship between all the variables under evaluation. 't' test results showed that on the basis of gender there is a significant difference in eating attitude, mental well-being and anxiety. No other variables show significant difference based on gender (resilience & diabetic specific knowledge).

Pages: 1448-1450
Ananda Gaihre and Rajesh S.K. (Division of Yoga & Physical Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnataka)

Individuals who attempt to change their addictive behavior undergone recurrent relapse. There is substantial evidence that stress and sleep plays a crucial role in the relapse. The stressful situation and poor sleep quality represent a risk factor that may play a critical role in predicting individuals' success in abstaining. Diagnosing and treating stress and sleep disorders will have a significant impact on inducing management of addictive behavior. The extents of impairments are at biopsychosocial-spiritual levels. Therefore, it needs to be recognized and addressed in an individual at the physical, psychological, social and spiritual level. Recent studies have shown yoga as promising complementary therapies for treating and preventing addictive behaviors at biopsychosocial-spiritual levels.

Pages: 1454-1456
Madhvi Vijra and Manpreet Ola (Amity Institute of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Haryana)

Somatization disorders can be seen as concealed psychiatric problem or developed personal perception or as soliciting care for emotional distress or a response to health care aid. It can be explained as the tendency to experience and communicate somatic discomfort and symptoms lacking any pathological causes. As the symptoms are not intentionally presented hence it contrasts with malingering or factitious disorder. The causes could be genetic factors, cognitive perspectives, personality dynamics, abuse, socio-cultural factors, and patho-physiological system. The current case report presents a clinical picture and management plan of somatization disorder with dysthymia. The case is that of 35 years old male, air force officer, belonging to high socio-economic status, reported of back pain, difficulty swallowing food, bloated stomach, burning sensation around forehead, lips, tongue and jaw for past 2 and half years for which he repeatedly consulted various doctors for his problems despite all reports being normal. The primary diagnosis was that of somatization disorder (F45.0) along with co-morbid dysthymia (F34.1). The management was pursued with cognitive behavior therapy. After attending the therapy session, the client could gain a better understanding of his symptoms and deal with his problems effectively, resulting in decreased levels of anxiety and distress.

Pages: 1459-1461
Sapna (Department of Psychology, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)
Vibha Nagar (Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, P.L. Sharma, District Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)
Israil Miya (Department of Psychology, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)

Mental health is an inevitable and unavoidable component of life due to increasing complexities and competitiveness in living standards. In the fast changing world of today, no individual and profession is free from stress, depression and anxiety. Everyone experience stress, anxiety, depression and health problem whether it is within the family, business, organization, study, work or any other social or economical activity. The aim of this study was to find out the difference between mental health status of working and non-working women. The sample of 120 women (60 working & 60 non-women) was drawn from Meerut city proper. The Mental Health Check List developed by Kumar was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed with the help of 't' test. Results show that there is no significant difference between working and non-working women in respect to their level of mental health.

Pages: 1465-1468
Mamman Joseph C. (Department of Applied Psychology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Tamil Nadu)
Anitta Elias (BYKAS College for Women Calicut University, Malappuram, Kerala)

According to the World Health Statistics Report, 2011, there are 19.3 million nurses in the world and in India it is 1,431,000. As per the statistics in India it is recorded that thirteen nurses are for a population of ten thousand people. self-compassion and emotional intelligence are two important elements of nursing care and play a pivotal role in determining the quality of relationship between nurses, patients and families. The present study took a randomly selected 187 nursing students from first year to fourth year of B.Sc. nursing within the age range of 17 to 22 years. Neff's Self Compassion Scale and the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) were used to collect the data. Pearson's product moment correlation, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. It has been found that self-compassion has significant positive correlation with emotional intelligence.

Pages: 1475-1478
Shanu Shukla and Pritee Sharma (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh)

Media multitasking behavior-a relatively modern age phenomenon where individuals simultaneously use two or more media-is becoming immensely popular. The rise in digital devices and increase in internet facilities have compelled people to indulge in media multitasking behavior. Several researches have shown that it has both negative and positive effects on an individual's cognitive and emotional resources. Notwithstanding its growing occurrence, there has not been many significant attempts to integrate and discuss the definitions, classification, measurement techniques and other determinants of media multitasking behavior. The aim of the paper is to integrate the definitions and to understand the meaning of media multitasking from different domain perspective and to provide a brief overview of the state of the art research on media multitasking.

Pages: 1484-1486
Parikshit Chakraborty (Junior Research Fellow, Anthropological Survey of India, Ranchi Field Station, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Beliefs on 'super-natural powers' not only presence in tribal society; it's almost universally exist all over the world into various societies. However, practices of certain unexpected thing which closely related to unexplainable happenings of facts, disease, death and the tribal people believing i.e. the spiritual world or super natural power. The tribal people always offerings religious beliefs or natural beliefs concerning the blessings of God as the creator of this earth and of the mankind. Therefore, there are many myths among the tribals about the earth. However, Kora-Mudi is one of the little known Scheduled Tribe in West Bengal. They are widely distributed in the districts of Burdwan, Midnapore, Bankura, and Purulia of West Bengal. Though, the author of the present paper tries to find and elaborate the supernatural belief system among the Kora-Mudi people of Shiromoni Nodiha village under Raghabpur Gram Panchayat of Purulia district, West Bengal. Therefore, the study demonstrates that the Kora-Mudi practice magic, through some experts, to control some spirits to cause harm. They also worship some gods and goddesses for prosperity and happiness and to be released from the tension and anxiety.

Pages: 1494-1498
सुशमा रानी (विभाग इतिहास, ओ.पी.जे.एस. विश्वविद्यालय, चुरू, राजस्थान)

आर्य समाज की स्थापना के समय स्त्री शिक्षा की दशा अत्यन्त शोचनीय थी। 19वीं शताब्दी में यदि लड़कियों की शिक्षा की कुछ व्यवस्था भी कि गई तो वो बगांल क्षेत्र तक ही सीमित थी, जो कि ईश्वर चन्द्र विद्यासागर जैसे महानपुरूषों के परिश्रम का परिणाम थी। इन परिस्थितियों का आंकलन स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती जी ने सही मायने में किया। हरियाणा क्षेत्र में उनका कई बार आना हुआ। इस वजह से वो यह तो जान ही चुके थे कि यहां के लोगों को मात्र उचित मार्गदर्शन कि जरूरत है और हुआ भी ऐसा ही। यहां के लोगों ने शीघ्र ही स्वामी जी के नियमों को अपने जीवन में उतार लिया। जिसके कारण यहां रूढ़िवादिता व आडम्बरों की बेड़िया टूटने लगी थी। ये लोग शिक्षा के महत्व को समझने लगे थे। स्त्री शिक्षा को ध्यान में रखते हुए हरियाणा के आर्य समाजियों ने कन्या गुरूकुल पर विचार करना शुरू किया। आर्य समाज से जुडे़ लोग स्वामी जी के उन सभी विचारों का अनुकरण कर रहे थे जिसमें स्वामी दयानन्द ने स्त्रियों के लिए ‘सर्वतोमुखी शिक्षा’ की योजना बनाकर उनकी शिक्षा का समर्थन किया था। स्वामी जी ने महिलाओं को ‘सभी प्रकार की विद्या पढ़ने की अधिकारिणी’ बताया। उन्होंने स्त्रियों के लिए ‘अलग गुरूकुलों’ की व्यवस्था का नियम दिया था। हरियाणा प्रदेश में हिसार आर्य समाज के स्त्री शिक्षा क्षेत्र के लिए किए गए कार्य प्रशसनीय रहे। भक्त फूल सिंह ने शिक्षा के प्रसार के लिए जिस गुरूकुल की नींव रखी उसके लिए उन्होंने अपना तन, मन, धन सब न्यौछावर कर दिया था। आर्य समाज द्वारा गुरूकुलों की स्थापना की दृष्टि से हरियाणा क्षेत्र में काफी कार्य किए गए। गुरूकुल शिक्षा हरियाणावासियों के अनुकूल भी थी।

Pages: 977-987
Nandini Sanyal (Department of Psychology, St. Francis College for Women, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana)
Sameeha Fatima (St. Francis College for Women Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana)
Tina Fernandes (Department of Psychology, St. Francis College for Women Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana)

According to the American Heart Association (1999), a major cause of death and disability in developed countries is Coronary heart disease (CHD). Majority of the population of patients who survive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery undergo a recovery period associated with adverse psychological and physical functioning. The present research used a correlational design to study whether resilience (emotional stamina that describes people who display courage & adaptability in wake of life's misfortunes) and illness perception (to assess cognitive & emotional representations of illness) predict quality of life (to assess individual's perceptions of their position in life in different contexts) in a sample of CABG patients aged 30-45 years and 55-70 years, 3 months post surgery. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 114 CABG patients, out of which 52 were aged between 30-45 years and 62 were aged between 55-70 years. Results of the study indicated significant differences between CABG patients aged between 30-45 years and 55-70 years with respect to resilience, subscales of illness perception viz., consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control, identity and coherence, and the physical, psychological, social and environment domains of quality of life. In addition, it was found that resilience and the consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control and emotional representation subscales of illness perception predicted quality of life in CABG patients who were aged between 30-45 years. Furthermore, in patients aged between 55-70 years, the predictors of quality of life were resilience and the consequences, identity and emotional representation subscales of illness perception. Thus, patients must be provided with proper information about their health, the preventive measures to be taken prior to and post surgery.