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Pages: 545-549
Chhaya Sharma and Imran Hussain (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab)

The current research was conducted to study the relation between happiness and psychological well-being among the parents of autistic children. This study explains the difference between level of happiness and psychological well being in autistic children and parents of non autistic children. To conduct this study, descriptive method was used. For collection of data purposive sampling technique was used. The sample size was 120 parents which included 60 parents of autistic children and 60 parents of non autistic children. The result showed that there was a significant difference between the level of happiness and psychological well being in parents of autistic and non autistic children. Moreover, there is a significant relation between happiness and psychological well being among the parents of autistic and non autistic children.
Pages: 550-554
Dhaniya and Farah Haris (Department of Psychology, Farook College, Kozhikode, Kerala)

Videogames are becoming more prominent source of media in today's society. The aim of the present study was to understand the effect of videogame on aggressive behavior among adolescent boys. The sample includes 20 adolescent boys selected through purposive sampling technique from Koduvally, Calicut, and Kerala. Interview schedule, prepared by the researcher has been administered to participants. The study concludes that exposure to both violent and non-violent videogame have influence on aggressive behavior and thought.
Pages: 555-559
Kanika Garg, Manvi Thanai, and Payal Jain (Department of Management Studies, Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Samalkha, Panipat, Haryana)

Gold has a greater importance in our society. This study is conducted to analyze the consumer behaviour towards the gold. The main objective of the study to identify the purpose of purchasing gold, factors influencing the purchasing decision. For this objective primary data is collected from 150 respondents through structure questionnaire. Descriptive statistics has been used for data analysis. The study found that most of the consumer purchase gold mainly for investment purpose. There are various factors which affect the purchase decision of the consumer such as brand name, price, promotional schemes, quality, design.
Pages: 560-566
Ravikanth B. Lamani (Department of Criminology and Forensic Science Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka)
Chitkala Venkareddy (Department of Social Work, Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka)

The study was designed to understand the reasons behind the rising criminal behaviour among women and also to learn about their life during imprisonment. Female crime is a crucial factor that disrupts family life and stability of the society. The nature of crime committed by them has changed from softer crime to heinous crime. To know the socio-economic factors behind committing their crime, their perception towards society and Prison administration are analyzed by using primary data which are collected by interviewing 46 Women Prisoners of Central Prison Dharwad. The data were collected by using structured interview schedule. The findings showed that lower Socio-Economic condition of the Prisoners have compelled them to commit crime. Lack of health care, infrastructure and employment opportunities are the major problems faced by the prisoners in Prison. Their observation towards the Society and Prison administration has significantly deteriorated. Results are interpreted in terms of current theories and implications for future are pointed out.
Pages: 567-571
Bhavjot Kaur (Department of Public Administration, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Violence against women is present in almost every country, cutting across boundaries of class, culture, education, income and age. In our society, violence is bursting. Behind closed doors of homes, people are being beaten, tortured and killed. It is happening in rural areas, cities, towns and in metropolitans as well. The term used to describe this problem of violence within our homes is Domestic Violence. Anyone can be a victim and a victimiser. This violence has a tendency to explode in various forms such as physical, sexual or emotional. Domestic violence is the most prevalent yet relatively hidden and ignored form of violence against women and girls. One of the most common forms of violence against women worldwide is abuse by a husband. Women who believe that a husband is justified in committing violence against his wife for any of the specified reasons, may believe themselves to be low in status both absolutely and relative to men.
Pages: 572-575
Priyanka (Amity Institute of Behavior and Allied sciences, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

The present study examined the importance of presence of mother emotionally and physically in child's life. This research is to find out the difference in the level of aggression and emotion control in children of working and non working mothers. The aim of this study is to find out the aggression level and emotional well-being of children both boys and girls of age group 5-12. Two scales have been used in the study: Aggression Questionnaire Profile sheet youths, and Emotional Regulation questionnaire. Participants were 120 children. This study is based on 60 boys, 60 girls (30 boys and 30 girls of working mothers and 30 boys and 30 girls of non-working mothers). 2x2 way anova has been applied to analyse the data. In the result there is a difference in the scores of children of working and non working mothers. There is significant difference in aggression among children of working non working mothers and emotional regulation does not show any major difference for working and non-working mother but some significance has been seen across gender.
Pages: 576-578
Vatsla Mohan (Department of Psychology, GSSS, Kaithal, Haryana)

Emotional intelligence and Job satisfaction are two concepts of high interest in the modern work environment. They serve as a competitive edge in personal and organizational life. It is generally considered that employees with higher emotional intelligence will have higher job satisfaction. This is because the employees with higher emotional intelligence are able to develop strategies to overcome the possible consequences which may arise out of stress whereas those with less emotional intelligence won‟t be in a position to overcome the stress situations. The present-day literature supports the fact that emotional intelligence is an important ingredient to prepare the elixir of success be it in professional world or in personal sphere. Hence, the present paper explores the interrelation of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction at workplace. Studies have shown that organizations should recruit trained and emotionally intelligent people so that they can handle pressure, multiple job-roles and produce better performance.
Pages: 579-583
Fatima Jessy M. (Social Welfare Officer, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)
Jaikumar V., Prabhu N., and Jayakrishnaveni C. (Department of Psychiatry, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamil Nadu )

Schizophrenia is an enigmatic mental disorder affecting 1% of the general population at any given time in any society. The disabling nature and chronicity of the illness mandates long-term course of treatment and care. In the recent decades mental health service delivery is undergoing a wide shift from institutionalization to community based care. This vests home-based care for the person with Schizophrenia on caregivers and seeks for their empowerment on effective caring. To study the effectiveness of a group psychoeducational intervention for caregivers of persons with Schizophrenia. The study employed a before and after without control research design where 120 caregivers of persons with Schizophrenia were recruited using purposive sampling technique. The participants were assessed using Knowledge about Schizophrenia Interview (KASI) and Family Attitude Questionnaire (FAQ) before and after the group intervention which focused on dissemination of information regarding the illness and other psychosocial inputs. The knowledge about diagnosis, symptoms, etiology, medication, course, prognosis and management were found to be improved significantly (t=56.33, p<..000) after the psychoeducational intervention. The participants were found to have a significant decrease in the way the caregivers expressed their critical comments, hostility, dissatisfaction and emotional over involvement. They were able to show a higher level of warmth (t-62.96, p<.000) after the intervention. Caring for a person with schizophrenia is highly challenging and it might result in a negative emotional atmosphere in the patient's family. The results prove that a periodic group psychoeducation intervention along with ongoing pharmacotherapy would be beneficial in providing better care for persons with schizophrenia.
Pages: 584-588
Gurpreet Dandiwal (Department of Applied Psychology, GJUS&T, HIsar, Haryana)

Psychological well-being is conceptualized as a primarily private phenomenon that is focused on the challenges encountered by individuals in their personal lives, social well-being represents a more public experience that is focused on the social tasks encountered by individuals in their social structures and communities. Understanding of psychological well-being is of much importance for every individual. It became imperative for sports where players have to undergone severe physical and psychological exercises and tough situation to perform. The present paper reviews on psychological well-being and its theoretical perspective.
Pages: 589-594
Shadma Absar (National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi)

Quality of education is greatly linked with the way the schools are organized and managed. School heads are considered as administrative and academic chief of schools acting as a hinge between the society and school. The development and progress of school relies on the Leadership qualities and initiatives taken by the school heads. In present times, school leadership has undergone redefinition and school leaders have to reinvent themselves owing to government regulations and societal expectations, other than teaching and supervising they are expected to be more student friendly, 'computer savvy', well versed with latest technologies in teaching learning and should emphasise om the all-round development (Venkatesh, 2012). The present paper attempts to construct demographic profile of school heads in the country based on UDISE 2014-15 data. The paper further deliberates upon the roles and responsibilities of school heads in the schools of India. It also discusses the roles and responsibilities as envisaged by various policies and committee reports. It also looks into the recruitment and training of schools heads in India. The paper concludes by highlighting the need of extensive research in the area and development of leadership preparation programmes for the school heads in the country to achieve quality in education system.
Pages: 595-601
Waktole Demisew Hirpa, Damanjit Sandhu, and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Bullying is a repeated behavior by one or more individuals that are intended to inflict physical and psychological harm to and social isolation of one or more victims through physical, verbal, and relational aggression for an extended period of time. Involvement in bullying can have serious and long-term consequences for both the victim and the bully. Though there are variations in reporting the magnitude, almost all studies agree that school bullying is a widespread problem. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to estimate the prevalence rate of bullying victimization and to examine the adjustment correlates of bullying victimization among elementary school students of Ethiopia. 809 (50.2 % male and 49.8 % female) students from grades 6 and 7 aged between 11 to 18 years were sampled from a total of 8 elementary schools using multistage sampling technique. 95.4 % of the participants were from Oromo ethnic group, 3.3 % from Amhara and the remaining 1.3 % from other ethnic groups. Data were collected using: 1) The Revised Olweus Bully/Victimization Questionnaire; and 2) Bell's Adjustment Inventory. It is reported that 37.6 % of the participants were bully victimized. Higher proportions of male students were bully victimized than female students, 2(1, n = 808) = 3.993, p<.05. There was a strong, negative correlation between bullying victimization and adjustment, which was statistically significant (r = -.351, n = 796, p = .000). It can be concluded that bullying victimization is common in Ethiopian elementary schools and highly negatively associated with pupils' adjustment.
Pages: 602-604
Vaishali Shukla (School of Studies in Regional Studies and Research, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh )
Basheer Hasan (School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh )
Mitashree Mitra (School of Studies in Regional Studies and Research, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh )

The aim of the present piece of research work is to examine the predicting effects of personality dimensions, viz., extraversion and neuroticism on career maturity. Employing the correlational design 100 male students of Oraon tribe studying in class 10th within the age range 14- 16 years were drawn randomly from different schools of Surguja District of the state of Chhattisgarh to serve as Ss. For assessing the criterion variable. i.e., career maturity, Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) by Gupta (1989) and for assessing the predicting variable viz., personality dimensions Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory by Helode (1985) were used. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine for predicting effects of personality dimensions. Extraversion and Neuroticism have emerged as significant predictors of career maturity. The theoretical implications have been discussed.
Pages: 605-609
Vikram Bansal (Haryana Vishwakarma Skill University, Gurugram, Haryna)

Ecological societal enterprises are the ventures which aim their efforts toward improving the general welfare of society and they apply societal-based strategies to achieve a societal purpose. The movement includes both non-profit and for profit ventures with non profit ventures using tourism venture models to pursue their mission and for profit ventures incorporating a societal agenda into their tourism venture model. The focus of the research paper is to address the nurture trends of societaltourism entrepreneurs in Indian spatialtourism venture including the history of Societaltourism tourism entrepreneurship in India and the new initiatives taken by various Societaltourism entrepreneurs. However, many of India's Societaltourism entrepreneurs continue to struggle as the Societal venturing landscape lacks appropriate sources of financing, proper regulations, societal recognition and suitable information systems. Therefore, it's the right time for various non-governmental ventures (NGOs), governmental ventures and societaltourism entrepreneurs to come forward to encourage further development of societaltourism tourism entrepreneurship in India.
Pages: 610-614
Nishant Kumar Jilova (Department of Law, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

A corporation is a separate legal entity and considered a legal person. However, a corporation can be made criminally liable for unlawful acts done by its agents when they are acting within the scope of authority. The criminal act should be committed in furtherance of the benefit of the corporation as well as the benefit of the agent. This doctrine of corporate criminal liability is increasingly gaining importance all over the world and is a recognized principle in India.
Pages: 615-619
Kanika Garg, Aarushi, Cheenam, and Mahima (Department of Management Studies, Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Samalkha, Panipat, Haryana)

The present study is an attempt to measure the customer satisfaction of two competitive Indian retail brands and draw a comparison between the two based on customer service quality and value creation. The comparative analysis is drawn using measurement scale has been defined to measure the descriptive analysis using primary data. The findings include how and to what extent customer service quality and value creation affect customer satisfaction in case of both the brands. The number of factors influencing customer satisfaction is restricted to two, which can be increased as time progresses and modern retail businesses gets matured in Indian market with development and interplay of more factors and surely can provide further scope of future research. This research work will help the retail managers in general, including those of the concerned brands, to understand their key areas of strength comparatively and accordingly frame their strategies for decision making in order to improve customer satisfaction and gain competitive advantage.
Pages: 620-626
Meera Hirani and Abha Singh (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

The notorious Blue Whale Challenge (BWC) on Internet has claimed many teenagers' lives abroad and in India. In India, there had been a steady upsurge in suicides, suicide attempts and self-harming behaviour among teenagers in the year 2017. Up to five suicide deaths and many suicide attempts have been attributed to the pro-suicide online challenge. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review of all the reported cases published by media in India regarding BWC. Keywords such as “blue whale suicide challenge”, “attempted suicides due to blue whale challenge”, “reported cases related to blue whale challenge” were used to collect the necessary information from the Internet. National newspapers were screened for relevant information regarding factual information. The concept of BWC as a tool for mass cyberbullying, its causes, effects have been discussed. Analysis of each reported case has been done to construct a psychological perspective of the probable reasons behind each of the suicides and self-harming behaviour which could be taken as pointers for further investigation by forensic experts. The remedies under Information Technology Act 2008 to handle cyberbullying and also preventive measures for the victim, family and educational setting to tackle the problem of BWC and cyberbullying has been detailed. There is an urgent need to understand the underlying reasons behind BWC, cyberbullying, self-harm by participants leading to extreme step of committing suicides. The remedies and preventive measures to evade this problem has been discussed. BWC seems to be a psychological predatory mass cyberbullying tool however due to media attention, the possibility of attributing BWC as a cause to self-harm in many of the reported cases in India has been suggested.
Pages: 627-630
Usha Rani and Renuka Sharma (Institute of Teacher Training & Research BPSMV, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana)

The present study was designed to assess and compare Academic Stress of male and female students of 10+2 of Science stream of Haryana state, preparing for entrance exams to get admission in professional colleges for medical and engineering courses. The sample of the study comprised of 410 adolescents with equal number of males and females (n=205). The range of the subjects was 16-18years. The sample was chosen by random sampling procedure. Bisht Battery Scale of Academic Stress (BBSS) developed by Bisht (2005) was administered on the sample to assess Academic Stress. It was hypothesized that female students tend to be high on Academic Stress than male students. The obtained data was analyzed by employing mean, standard deviation and 't'-test. Significant difference was found in Academic Stress of male and female students of 10+2 of Science stream. Female students were found high on frustration and anxiety measure of academic stress compare to male students. Male students were found high on pressure measure of academic stress compare to female students. No difference was found between male and female students on conflict measure of academic stress. Female students were found high on academic stress compare to male students.
Pages: 631-635
Poonam Chaudhry and Imran Hussain (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab)

Stress is a common problem in modern society. It put its impact on people of every field. Stress affects all dimensions of an individual's life in the form of physiological, psychological or emotional. Nursing has been spotted as a high-stress profession that is not just physically demanding but also emotionally and intellectually demanding, which can develop the various kind of stress. The main aim of the current study was to see the influence of self-esteem and social support on perceived occupational stress among nurses. 100 nurses participated in this study. Nurses filled questionnaires and also completed the family support scale. Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the stress management scale by Bhargawa were used. Results indicate that there is a remarkable interconnection among self-esteem, family support and occupational stress. The study revealed that positive self-esteem and family support minimizes the occupational stress & both are the functions as stress inhibitors.
Pages: 636-638
Rahul Cloria (Department of Geography, G. D. C. Memorial College, Bahal, Bhiwani, Haryana)

India is an agrarian country and here nearly 70 percent population depends on agriculture. India is the second largest country in terms of population in the world and it is counted in developing countries. In our country, where there is a progressive economy, the second natural and man-made hazards prevent the country from development. India is influenced by many hazards like earthquake, flood, drought, tsunami etc. Every natural disaster has a large scale impact on our economy, in all these natural hazards drought is a pernicious hazards of nature which has a long lasting effect. Drought is temporary reduction in water or moisture availability below the average amount for a specific period. According to High level committee on disaster Management Report, “Any lack of water to satisfy the normal need of agricultural, non-agricultural, industrial or human population may be termed as drought”. In India the drought prone area include Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Utter Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Chhattisgarh. The Irrigation commission (1972) had identified 74 districts as drought prone. These comprise 326 Taluka located in 11 state. Disaster is a natural calamity caused by lack of rainfall and failure of monsoon. Drought can't be eliminated from root, but its negative effect can be reduced by human awareness and government efforts.
Pages: 639-645
Amish and Alok Pratap Singh (Department of Psychology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, Uttar Praesh)

In the current competitive work environment, improving the mental health of individuals is a major challenge. Teachers having positive mental health are important assets for any country. They play an important role in nurturing and inculcating the proper values in students. Maintaining the good mental health of an individual at the workplace is a crucial issue for the development of individuals. Improving the quality of work life may play important role in enhancing and balancing positive mental health. The present study was conducted on 190 school teachers working in different schools to examine the role of quality of work life in the mental health of school teachers. Obtained data were analyzed by using correlational analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of correlation coefficients indicate that general well-being, home-work interface, job-career satisfaction, control at work, working conditions and overall quality of work life were found significantly positively correlated with mental health. Stress at work was found significantly negatively correlated with mental health. Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis reveals that job career satisfaction, control at work, stress at work, and general well-being (dimensions of quality of work life) were emerged as significant predictors of mental health. Job career satisfaction, control at work, and general well-being were also found significantly positively associated with mental health. Stress at work was found significantly negatively associated with mental health. The results of hierarchical regression analysis also indicate that the overall quality of work life was significantly positively associated with mental health. It can be concluded from the obtained results that quality of work life is essential for school teachers because it plays a significant role in enhancing the mental health of school teachers which in turn may influence their performance.
Pages: 646-649
Debobani Saha and Ishita Chatterjee (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bangal)

The nursing role is rapidly evolving as nurses are tasked with an even wider range of healthcare responsibilities. With an increase in complexity and demand for better healthcare system, the role of nurses has become more challenging. A poor quality of sleep and high risk of cognitive failure among nurses can have an impact on their day to day functioning which in turn can pose a threat, especially on the patients of critical wards as compared to other wards, because they require complex assessment and high risk treatments. Moreover, nurses are often scheduled to do rotating shifts (i.e., day, evening, night) and also have to work overtime to provide quality care to their patients around the clock. Abrupt deviations from normal timing of work often disrupt one's internal biological clock. The present study aims to trace and compare the dimensions of quality of sleep and assess the tendency of cognitive failure among nurses of critical and general ward of private hospitals with age range of 21 to 31yrs. In order to collect data, a quantitative and survey research was conducted. The results revealed that the critical ward nurses tend to exhibit more cognitive failure and poor quality of sleep, which is more related to 'sleep duration' and 'sleep latency'. Also a significant difference has been observed between the nurses of two wards regarding mental health status and quality of sleep. The study can be important for the administrative staffs of private hospitals, so that they can recommend and design effective training modules for nurses and their duties accordingly.
Pages: 650-652
Priyanka Mishra (Department of Psychology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Madhya Preadesh)

This study was aimed at determining whether there are differences in type A behavior pattern between hypertensives and hypotensives. From a small community sample of adults from Noida, 100 individuals having hypertension and having clinic Blood Pressure (BP)> or 140/90 mm hg were selected and compared with a sex and age matched group of 100 individuals with hypotensives- BP reading under 90/60 (moderate hypotension) were tested on measures of type A behavior pattern derived from standardized questionnaire. Results of independent t test revealed significant differences between hypertensives and hypotensives and were in line with the hypothesis. The null hypothesis stand rejected and hypertensives were found to be significantly higher (high score) on type A behavior pattern comparatively than hypotensives.
Pages: 653-658
Varsha Singh, Garima Nayak, R. Rajeshwari, and Sanya Dhawan (Department of Psychology, Kamala Nehru College, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Of all the components that play a role in determining a person's self image, the perception that she/he has of their body and physical appearance is one of the more essential considerations. Such perceptions are not formed in isolation, but in response to socio-cultural stimuli present around us. One of the more impactful of these is the media. To explore this relationship, this study aims to uncover the role of media on body image. For this purpose, two short videos depicting body positivity and unrealistic beauty standards present in the media and two standard questionnaires were used to assess media influence on a sample of 100 people between the ages of 18 and 24. Results revealed that while desires to alter their appearance for the better existed among the women, a significant relationship existed only between positive media representation and not for the unrealistic beauty standards.
Pages: 659-662
Neyaz Ahmad Siddiquee (Department of Psychology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Degree College, Bhabua, Kaimur, Bihar)
Seema Singh (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of community and sex on extraversion, neuroticism and locus of control. Neuroticism and Introversion-Extroversion Inventory (NIEI) constructed and standardized by Muhar et al. (1992) and Locus of Control administered on a sample of 100 Muslim and 100 Non-Muslim male and female students studying in degree classes of Sasaram (Rohtas) and Bhabua (Kaimur) towns under Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara (Bihar) through purposive sampling. The results revealed that Non-Muslim participants are significantly more extrovert, less neurotic and more internally controlled than Muslim participant. Male participants are significantly more extrovert, less neurotic and more internally controlled than female participants.
Pages: 663-669
Pramod Kumar (DRDO Scientist, Selection Centre East, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)
The aim of this study is to develop a tool to measure affective dissonance (AD) of adolescents. The sample consists of 100 (Initial try-out) and 250 (Final try-out) respondents, age ranging from 13 to 18 and class ranging from 7th to 12th. Initially 50 items were constructed, and 48 items of 80 % unanimity by the judges were kept. Each item was followed by six likely emotions as alternatives containing three positive affect (PA) and three negative affect (NA), each one of which has to be rated on 5-point rating scale. With an eigenvalue of greater than 2.0 and factor loading of more than 0.45, factor analysis reveals two factor structure of the test. It reduced total number of items from 48 to 28. The first factor- Personal Affective Dissonance (PAD) consists of 18 items and second factor- Interpersonal Affective Dissonance (IPAD)is comprised of 10 items. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability is 0.89 with all 48 items and 0.90 with 28 items. Besides face and content validity as judged by experts with 80 % unanimity, the construct validity of the scale has been worked out by calculating the correlation of different sub-scales of the AD with total scale score. The correlations are ranging from 0.77 to 0.90. With its so high reliability and validity, the scale ensures greater significance and wide application in the measurement of AD of adolescents.
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