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Pages: 1451-1453
Silky Arora and Roopali Sharma (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh)

Positive affect refers to the extent to which an individual subjectively experiences positive moods such as joy, interest and alertness (Miller, 2011). It has segregated perceptions at every developmental age of human life. This paper outlines the trends of positive affect in children. The study was conducted on a sample of 164, Indian school children, aged between 7-11 years. Group, class wise interrogation was applied. This paper outlines positive affect factors in participants. The emerged themes of positive affect aspects in 7-11 year old subjects are tabulated and discussed. The study may be directed further in affect and mood disorder related studies in children. These themes may be considered by psychologists, counsellors, and school teachers during the processes of counselling, guidance so as to track affect related habits in similar aged children.
Pages: 1454-1456
Madhvi Vijra and Manpreet Ola (Amity Institute of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Haryana)

Somatization disorders can be seen as concealed psychiatric problem or developed personal perception or as soliciting care for emotional distress or a response to health care aid. It can be explained as the tendency to experience and communicate somatic discomfort and symptoms lacking any pathological causes. As the symptoms are not intentionally presented hence it contrasts with malingering or factitious disorder. The causes could be genetic factors, cognitive perspectives, personality dynamics, abuse, socio-cultural factors, and patho-physiological system. The current case report presents a clinical picture and management plan of somatization disorder with dysthymia. The case is that of 35 years old male, air force officer, belonging to high socio-economic status, reported of back pain, difficulty swallowing food, bloated stomach, burning sensation around forehead, lips, tongue and jaw for past 2 and half years for which he repeatedly consulted various doctors for his problems despite all reports being normal. The primary diagnosis was that of somatization disorder (F45.0) along with co-morbid dysthymia (F34.1). The management was pursued with cognitive behavior therapy. After attending the therapy session, the client could gain a better understanding of his symptoms and deal with his problems effectively, resulting in decreased levels of anxiety and distress.
Pages: 1457-1458
Rakesh Verma (Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat)
M.G. Mansuri (N. A. & T.V. Patel, Arts College, V.V. Nagar)

The present study aimed to study depression in relation to respiratory diseases (Asthma, Bronchiectasis, & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). For which standardized tool that assesses depression was administered on a sample of 120 participants. These participants were selected on the basis of their medical accounts (suffering from respiratory diseases). Total 90 participants suffering from respiratory diseases participated in the present study to fulfill the requirement of the present study, while 30 healthy participants were taken as the control group. It was expected that there would be significant effect of depression on the selected respiratory diseases. Results revealed depression plays significant role in respiratory diseases.
Pages: 1459-1461
Sapna (Department of Psychology, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)
Vibha Nagar (Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, P.L. Sharma, District Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)
Israil Miya (Department of Psychology, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)

Mental health is an inevitable and unavoidable component of life due to increasing complexities and competitiveness in living standards. In the fast changing world of today, no individual and profession is free from stress, depression and anxiety. Everyone experience stress, anxiety, depression and health problem whether it is within the family, business, organization, study, work or any other social or economical activity. The aim of this study was to find out the difference between mental health status of working and non-working women. The sample of 120 women (60 working & 60 non-women) was drawn from Meerut city proper. The Mental Health Check List developed by Kumar was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed with the help of 't' test. Results show that there is no significant difference between working and non-working women in respect to their level of mental health.
Pages: 1462-1464
Mahender Singh (Department of History, Dayanand College, Hisar, Haryana)

The Indus Valley Civilization has witnessed among others the use of plough and the wheeled cart in raising the production of wheat, barley, rice, maize, millets, cotton, etc. Horticulture was concentracted around the urban centres with a preponderance of people, not directly engaged in agriculture. The Harappan culture (3500 B.C. 1500 B.C.) is, rightly called the age of irrigated farming. The Vedic literature indicates that the cultivators in the Vedic period possessed a fair knowledge of the fertility of land, selection and treatment of seeds, seasons of sowing and harvesting, rotation and other cultural practices of crops, manuring for increase of production of crops and the like. Jaittiriva Samhita mentions that rice would be sown in summer and pulses in winter on the same field. The Arthashastra, the chief source of all sorts of knowledge of this period, mentions the name of various crops like Sali (rice), varichi (rice), tila (sesamum), masha, masura, yoda(barley), godhuma (wheat), atasi (linseed) and sarshapa (mustard). The mash pulse began to be used as a horse food during the Mauryan and Kushan period. Regarding the state of agriculture in Tamil land, Sastri, and Srinivasachan observe: “Cultivable land was abundant and the necessities of life plentiful. The fertility of the lands watered by the Cauvery is a recurring theme of Tamil poets... The poets of the sangam period counselled the kings as to how to store water, enrich the land and improve the conditions of the people. They emphasized the dignity of labour. The transplanting of paddy seedlings was the most important agricultural operation.”
Pages: 1465-1468
Mamman Joseph C. (Department of Applied Psychology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Tamil Nadu)
Anitta Elias (BYKAS College for Women Calicut University, Malappuram, Kerala)

According to the World Health Statistics Report, 2011, there are 19.3 million nurses in the world and in India it is 1,431,000. As per the statistics in India it is recorded that thirteen nurses are for a population of ten thousand people. self-compassion and emotional intelligence are two important elements of nursing care and play a pivotal role in determining the quality of relationship between nurses, patients and families. The present study took a randomly selected 187 nursing students from first year to fourth year of B.Sc. nursing within the age range of 17 to 22 years. Neff's Self Compassion Scale and the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) were used to collect the data. Pearson's product moment correlation, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. It has been found that self-compassion has significant positive correlation with emotional intelligence.
Pages: 1469-1474
Samridhi Pareek and Tejinder Kaur (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

When two individuals decide to spend the rest of their lives together, an important question that arises is one of self-disclosure. Every person has lived through experiences that they may not be very comfortable in sharing with their partners. However, they may still want to discuss the same out of various psychological needs like guilt, heaviness or for the pure comfort of sharing oneself with the other. Nonetheless there may also be times when the partner is not adequately responsive to certain details. This may lead to communication gaps or even worse situations. This paper reviews the available literature on how much self-disclosure is adequate in order to achieve marital satisfaction and what aspects should partners refrain from discussing, if any, in order to have a blissful marriage. It also touches upon the nature of responses from the partner, which aid or hamper revelation, thus facilitating the entire process of Self-disclosure. Moreover personal interviews of couples are also discussed which highlight how important a role can disclosure play in marital satisfaction. Finally the paper touches upon other factors which along with self-disclosure can together be worked upon for marital satisfaction.
Pages: 1475-1478
Shanu Shukla and Pritee Sharma (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh)

Media multitasking behavior-a relatively modern age phenomenon where individuals simultaneously use two or more media-is becoming immensely popular. The rise in digital devices and increase in internet facilities have compelled people to indulge in media multitasking behavior. Several researches have shown that it has both negative and positive effects on an individual's cognitive and emotional resources. Notwithstanding its growing occurrence, there has not been many significant attempts to integrate and discuss the definitions, classification, measurement techniques and other determinants of media multitasking behavior. The aim of the paper is to integrate the definitions and to understand the meaning of media multitasking from different domain perspective and to provide a brief overview of the state of the art research on media multitasking.
Pages: 1479-1483
Prabha Kumari J. (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)
S. Azmal Basha (Department of Psychology, S. V. Arts College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)

Today the world is threatened by an alarming increase in the number of illnesses caused by holding on to negative emotions, and it has become imperative to explore more and more effective solutions to this debilitating situation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the prospects of using NLP to promote mind-body wellness by eliminating destructive negative emotions and creating positive and empowering ones. Neuro Linguistic Programming or NLP is a psychological technology that offers powerful tools/techniques/strategies to create the change from our present state to our desired state It recognizes the inseparable nature of the body and mind, and acknowledges the unlimited power of the unconscious mind. NLP helps us to tap the power within to create positive emotional states by choice, and thereby making us healthy and balanced, physically, psychologically emotionally and spiritually.
Pages: 1484-1486
Parikshit Chakraborty (Junior Research Fellow, Anthropological Survey of India, Ranchi Field Station, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Beliefs on 'super-natural powers' not only presence in tribal society; it's almost universally exist all over the world into various societies. However, practices of certain unexpected thing which closely related to unexplainable happenings of facts, disease, death and the tribal people believing i.e. the spiritual world or super natural power. The tribal people always offerings religious beliefs or natural beliefs concerning the blessings of God as the creator of this earth and of the mankind. Therefore, there are many myths among the tribals about the earth. However, Kora-Mudi is one of the little known Scheduled Tribe in West Bengal. They are widely distributed in the districts of Burdwan, Midnapore, Bankura, and Purulia of West Bengal. Though, the author of the present paper tries to find and elaborate the supernatural belief system among the Kora-Mudi people of Shiromoni Nodiha village under Raghabpur Gram Panchayat of Purulia district, West Bengal. Therefore, the study demonstrates that the Kora-Mudi practice magic, through some experts, to control some spirits to cause harm. They also worship some gods and goddesses for prosperity and happiness and to be released from the tension and anxiety.
Pages: 1487-1493
दलीप कुमार (विभाग इतिहास, एकलव्य विद्यापीठ महाविद्यालय, भादरा, हनुमानगढ, राजस्थान)

उतर भारत तथा पंजाब में 19वीं शताब्दी के अन्त में तथा 20वीं शताब्दी के आरम्भ में समाज सुधार आंदोलनों विशेषकर आर्यसमाज ने अत्यन्त महत्त्वपूर्ण तरीके से समाज को प्रभावित किया। दयानन्द सरस्वती द्वारा 1875 में बम्बई में आर्य समाज की स्थापना की गई । इसकी एक शाखा जिला हिसार में 1886 में स्थापित की गई। जिला हिसार जोकि उस समय पंजाब प्रान्त का एक हिस्सा था, यहाँ आर्य समाज के प्रमुख नेताओं में लाला लाजपत राय, लाला चन्दूलाल, रामजीलाल, लाला हरिलाल तायल, बाबू चूड़ामणि और पं. लखपतराय जैसे अनुभवी आर्य समाजियों के निरीक्षण में सारी कार्यवाही चलती रहती थी। आर्य समाज की उपलब्धियों में जैसे-नवयुवकों में विद्या का प्रसार, अनाथालयों की सहायता, हैदराबाद सत्याग्रह में योगदान, अकाल पीड़ितों की सहायता, विस्थापित लोगों को भोजन, वस्त्र और शरण देने, स्त्रियों की स्थिति को सुधारने में, आधुनिक शिक्षा का प्रसार करने में तथा जात-पात और ऊँच-नीच के भेदभाव को दूर करने में आर्य समाज का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहा।
Pages: 1494-1498
सुशमा रानी (विभाग इतिहास, ओ.पी.जे.एस. विश्वविद्यालय, चुरू, राजस्थान)

आर्य समाज की स्थापना के समय स्त्री शिक्षा की दशा अत्यन्त शोचनीय थी। 19वीं शताब्दी में यदि लड़कियों की शिक्षा की कुछ व्यवस्था भी कि गई तो वो बगांल क्षेत्र तक ही सीमित थी, जो कि ईश्वर चन्द्र विद्यासागर जैसे महानपुरूषों के परिश्रम का परिणाम थी। इन परिस्थितियों का आंकलन स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती जी ने सही मायने में किया। हरियाणा क्षेत्र में उनका कई बार आना हुआ। इस वजह से वो यह तो जान ही चुके थे कि यहां के लोगों को मात्र उचित मार्गदर्शन कि जरूरत है और हुआ भी ऐसा ही। यहां के लोगों ने शीघ्र ही स्वामी जी के नियमों को अपने जीवन में उतार लिया। जिसके कारण यहां रूढ़िवादिता व आडम्बरों की बेड़िया टूटने लगी थी। ये लोग शिक्षा के महत्व को समझने लगे थे। स्त्री शिक्षा को ध्यान में रखते हुए हरियाणा के आर्य समाजियों ने कन्या गुरूकुल पर विचार करना शुरू किया। आर्य समाज से जुडे़ लोग स्वामी जी के उन सभी विचारों का अनुकरण कर रहे थे जिसमें स्वामी दयानन्द ने स्त्रियों के लिए ‘सर्वतोमुखी शिक्षा’ की योजना बनाकर उनकी शिक्षा का समर्थन किया था। स्वामी जी ने महिलाओं को ‘सभी प्रकार की विद्या पढ़ने की अधिकारिणी’ बताया। उन्होंने स्त्रियों के लिए ‘अलग गुरूकुलों’ की व्यवस्था का नियम दिया था। हरियाणा प्रदेश में हिसार आर्य समाज के स्त्री शिक्षा क्षेत्र के लिए किए गए कार्य प्रशसनीय रहे। भक्त फूल सिंह ने शिक्षा के प्रसार के लिए जिस गुरूकुल की नींव रखी उसके लिए उन्होंने अपना तन, मन, धन सब न्यौछावर कर दिया था। आर्य समाज द्वारा गुरूकुलों की स्थापना की दृष्टि से हरियाणा क्षेत्र में काफी कार्य किए गए। गुरूकुल शिक्षा हरियाणावासियों के अनुकूल भी थी।
Pages: 973-976
Kr. Sajid Ali Khan and Sadia Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

An attempt was made to study the work commitment among middle level managers of public and private undertakings. The data was collected from 100 middle level managers, including 50 each from public and private sectors through random sampling technique. Organizational Commitment Scale developed by Shawkat and Ansari (2001) was used for data collection. Analyses of the data were done by applying Mean, SD and t-test. Results revealed the significant difference between work commitment of public and private undertakings. It was also found that there is no significance of difference found between middle level managers of public and private sector undertakings with respect to work commitment.
Pages: 977-987
Nandini Sanyal (Department of Psychology, St. Francis College for Women, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana)
Sameeha Fatima (St. Francis College for Women Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana)
Tina Fernandes (Department of Psychology, St. Francis College for Women Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana)

According to the American Heart Association (1999), a major cause of death and disability in developed countries is Coronary heart disease (CHD). Majority of the population of patients who survive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery undergo a recovery period associated with adverse psychological and physical functioning. The present research used a correlational design to study whether resilience (emotional stamina that describes people who display courage & adaptability in wake of life's misfortunes) and illness perception (to assess cognitive & emotional representations of illness) predict quality of life (to assess individual's perceptions of their position in life in different contexts) in a sample of CABG patients aged 30-45 years and 55-70 years, 3 months post surgery. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 114 CABG patients, out of which 52 were aged between 30-45 years and 62 were aged between 55-70 years. Results of the study indicated significant differences between CABG patients aged between 30-45 years and 55-70 years with respect to resilience, subscales of illness perception viz., consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control, identity and coherence, and the physical, psychological, social and environment domains of quality of life. In addition, it was found that resilience and the consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control and emotional representation subscales of illness perception predicted quality of life in CABG patients who were aged between 30-45 years. Furthermore, in patients aged between 55-70 years, the predictors of quality of life were resilience and the consequences, identity and emotional representation subscales of illness perception. Thus, patients must be provided with proper information about their health, the preventive measures to be taken prior to and post surgery.
Pages: 988-997
Enkosa Terefe and Getu Tadele (Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Wollega University, Ethiopia)

The major purpose of this study was to assess the current practice of provision of counseling services rendering in preparatory schools of Wollega Zones. It was designed to assess students and staff members' awareness and attitude towards counselors and counseling services, counselor's practical activities and delivery systems of counseling services and assessed the major challenges hinder counselors in giving counseling services. The targets of the study were East Wollega and West Wollega zones which were randomly selected from four Wollega Zones. Five Preparatory schools were purposely selected from the two selected Wollega Zones. The study involved counselors, school Directors, teachers and students. Accordingly, 10 Counselors and 10 Directors were selected by availability sampling method. From 167 Teachers, 50 of them were selected by simple random sampling method. From 5033 students, 350 of them were selected randomly after stratifying within their grade levels and sections. Both close-ended and open-ended questionnaires were administered and distributed for Counselors, Teachers and Students. Semi-structured interview was designed for school directors. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to analyze and interpret the obtained data. These were descriptive and inferential statistical values such as percentages, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one way ANOVA and Post-hoc test. Interview response summary was analyzed qualitatively. The result of the study revealed that, school members have low awareness towards counseling services, positive attitude towards counselors and counseling services. Counselors reported as they render both guidance and counseling services where predominantly guidance service is given. The outcome of t-test and one way ANOVA dictated as there was statistically significant difference between male and female students use counseling services in terms of sex and age respectively. Post-hoc test showed as the three age groups (1620, 21-25 & above 25 years) being compared all are significantly different from each other. Counselors reported as they face many challenges to render effective counseling services.
Pages: 998-1002
A. Velayudhan (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu)
S. Gayatridevi (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu)
S. Srividya (UGC Post Doctoral Research fellow, Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu)
Deepa (ICSSR Project fellow, Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu)

Researches on Learning Disability have shown that the stigmatized attitude causes several functional difficulties among adolescents in their social environment. A planned intervention has been cited as a remedy to overcome stigmatized attitude towards disability especially in early adolescents which would help in a developing an optimistic future. The present research work has tried to explore whether a planned integrated holistic intervention would be able to bring about a change in the Attitude towards Disability among school Children. The Attitude towards Disability was measured using Attitude toward Disability Scale as measured by Power, Green, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Group, 2010. The sample which were chosen based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, (n=100, Boys (n=81) and Girls (n=19) aged between aged 13-15 were given forty sessions on Specific Skill Development Intervention for reading, writing and arithmetic and besides interpersonal relations and communications. A pre-post-follow up research design was followed and the results showed that the Integrated Training Program (ITP) was able to bring about differences in the Gains, and Prospects dimension and not in the Discrimination dimension of Attitude towards Disability. Based on the results, several policy implications have been discussed
Pages: 1003-1008
Rajesh Ganesan and Moon Banerjee (Department of Psychology, Tripura University (A Central University), Tripura West, Tripura)

The aim of the present study is to manage Anger among the Murder Convicts in Central prison of Tripura. Based on the purposive sampling technique 50 male murder convicts who were having anger management problems were selected from Kendriya Sansodhanagar, Bishalgarh Tripura. Their age ranged from 20-65 years. Their level of anger was assessed using Spielberg's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Then intervention techniques were administered to the murder convicts for a period of 6 weeks .After the completion of 6 weeks, the level of anger was again assessed. Results indicated that there is reduction in the level of anger among the murder convicts after administering interventions.
Pages: 1009-1012
Anum Khan and Aqueleem Un Nabi (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The continuing care of children with special needs is often stressful for parents as these children's difficulties inevitably touch their lives. Raising a child with special needs (autism, physical disability, dyslexia & soon) can be a difficult task for parents. Being positive about the future of the children and having spiritual values may somehow improve the quality of life of the parents. The present study aimed to explore the influence of spiritual values and positive thinking on quality of life among parents of children with special needs. The study includes three groups of parents of children with special needs, i.e., (autism, physical disability & dyslexia) each group consists 50 subjects, the data was collected from NIMH, Delhi, India, by using spiritual values scale (Najam, Hussain, & Khan, 2015) positive thinking scale (Diener & Diswas-Diener, 2008) and quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF). Suitable statistical approach will be used to analyse the data.
Pages: 1013-1017
Manpreet Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Seema Sharma (Principal Extension Specialist, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study entitled 'effect of value orientation on environmental ethics of adolescents' was undertaken in the Kapurthala district of Punjab. The study was designed to study the effect of value orientation on environmental ethics of adolescents. The sample comprised of 200 adolescents (100 boys & 100 girls) of age group 14-16 years. Personal Value Questionnaire by Sherry and Verma was used to assess the value orientation of adolescents. The scale had questionnaire consisted of 40 items representing ten types of values namely Religious Values, Social Values, Democratic Values, Aesthetic Values, Economic Values, Knowledge Values, Hedonistic Values, Power Values, Family Prestige Values and Health Values. Environmental Ethics Scale by Taj was used to assess the environmental ethics of the adolescents. The scale consists of 41 items related to different aspects of environmental ethics i.e. sanitation, cleanliness, hygiene, flora and fauna, water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and saving energy. Results revealed that religious, democratic and family prestige values had made a positive and significant contribution in the environmental ethics of respondents.
Pages: 1018-1020
Neeti Singh and Meeta Jha (Department of Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh)

The objective of the study to see the status of ego virtue hope as a function of locale ,culture and gender among college students of Raipur. The sample was selected on stratified incidental basis. It consisted of 400 students; male ( 100) and female (100) student of tribal culture and male (100) and female (100) students of non-tribal culture (in each group 50 rural 50 urban students respectively). In this present study 2x2x2 factorial design has been used. In this design students divided into two groups of culture tribal and non-tribal culture. Ego virtue hope is dependent variable and culture tribal and non-tribal are independent variable.
Pages: 1021-1025
Sukhamjit Kaur and Sunita Gupta (Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

The main aim of the study was to examine the effect of religiosity and emotion regulation on prosocial behavior. Forty eight females in the age range of 18 to 24 completed the questionnaire measures of Religiosity (Bhushan, 1970) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and Prosocial Personality Battery (Penner, Fritzsche, Craiger, & Friefeld, 1995). The data was subjected to 2×2 analysis of variance The results of ANOVA clearly revealed that highly religious people are more empathic and more altruistic, than low religious ones. The results also suggest that young adults having difficulties in regulating emotions are more altruistic and can take others perspective more efficiently.
Pages: 1026-1028
Shikha Khandelwal and Kiran Sahu (Department of Psychology, G.D.H.G. College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh)
Shikha Khandelwal and Kiran Sahu (Department of Psychology, G.D.H.G. College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Women occupied with playing different roles after marriage and quality of their experience in these roles were examined in relation to life satisfaction and spiritual well being. This study has been carried out to find out the significance difference between working and non-working women regarding spiritual well-being and life satisfaction. For this purpose sample of 100 married women ( 50 working & 50 non-working) were taken. Spiritual well-being scale by Paloutzian and Ellison and Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin were used in order to measure spiritual well-being and life satisfaction respectively. The result revealed that working and non-working womens differ significantly on the variable spiritual well-being but this difference is not significant for the life satisfaction. Further spiritual well-being and life satisfaction is found significantly and positively correlated. This implies that the satisfaction with life and happiness results in spiritual well-being.
Pages: 1029-1033
Avnish Nagar (Udaipur School of Social Work, JRN Rajasthan Vidyapeeth, Udaipur, Rajasthan)

Assault and attack against women is a atrocity not only against women but also against humanity. Every day thousands of cases of crime against women are reported across the world. Women are subject to cruelty and violence not only outside their safe zones but they are also face similar problems inside their very own comfort zones. So women and girls are not safe even in their homes. In the country like ours where we have been provided with all the constitutional rights of equality and liberty to all the citizens of the country including women but the grass root reality is very much different and despite all the legislations they are still living with less opportunities and rights, contrary to their counter partners. The present paper examined the theoretical construct of the problem of domestic violence as well as forms and consequence of violence against women in India.
Pages: 1034-1037
Ramesh Sandhu (Department of Education, C. R. College of Education, Hisar, Haryana)

Society requires the students to develop cognitive skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, data analysis techniques and its presentation. Thus our educational system needs a more powerful learning environment. Thus some alternative assessment methods have been developed to measure students' performance. One such alternative assessment method is portfolio assessment. Portfolio provides more reliable and dynamic data about the learners for teachers, parents and student themselves. Arter and Spandel has defined portfolio as a powerful collection of student work that exhibits to the student, or other, her efforts or achievement in one or more areas. Portfolio enables students to have a self assessment for their studies and learning. It helps students as a whole. It helps the learner to acquire some vital abilities like self assessment, critical thinking and monitoring one's own learning and help them become self-directed and reflective practitioners. It provides an opportunity to the students to demonstrate his / her strength and weaknesses. It assesses realistic and meaningful daily literacy task. Portfolios provide multiple ways of assessing students' learning overtime. It encourages students to develop some abilities needed to become independent and self directed learners. Portfolios also assess personal attributes. It enhances interactions between students and teachers and stimulates the use of reflective strategies.
Pages: 1038-1043
Teesta Saksena and Ritu Sharma (Amity Institute of Psychology & Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Modern day living along with being complimented as an age of convenience for humanity can also be regarded as an age of great distress. The pace of evolution and urbanization seems tirelessly increasing in India, leading to a disparity in effective management of the new age contemporary modifications. This research investigation is an attempt to foster higher levels of mindfulness through yoga, reinforcing yoga as a measure to effectively prevent, manage, and rehabilitate the masses from the prevalent lifestyle disorders. It highlights the importance of yoga practices and documents its effects on the five facets of mindfulness among urban Indian adult community. Results indicate a significantly positive effect of yoga on all the five facets of mindfulness (p<.05) upon repeated measures of the construct, indicating yoga as an adjuvant intervention for psychological welfare.
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