Pages: 1184-1187
Seema Vijayvargiya and Bhupinder Singh (Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh)

Mid- life age of women is the turning point in her life, as it brings lots of changes. Between the challenges of adulthood and despair of old age, that is, in mid-life enters the compulsory change in women's life, “the menopause”. Menopause is a period in the life of woman that needs special attention. It is a life passage that closes some doors for women but open other door. It involves physical, psychological, hormonal changes, and social changes also (Mathews, 1992). It is a kind of transitional period in the life of women. A large number of studies have reported that stress is common during menopause. In the present study purposive sampling was used to draw out the sample. Total 100 women of menopausal age group of 45 to 55yrs were selected for the study. Out of total respondents, 50 participants were working women and 50 participants were non-working women. Out of working and non-working respondent, 25 respondents were from nuclear and 25 from joint families respectively. This study aims to assess the level of stress during menopause and to create awareness in women of that stage and to sensitize the members of the society to extend the support to the females to overcome the stage of transition of menopause with positivity.

Pages: 1193-1197
Madhu Anand, Ritu and John Njue (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

From the previous studies it has been found that life skills decrease the growth of maladaptive behaviors related to social interactions and adaptations. The aim of this study was to develop a life skill module and find its effect and applications based on Indian context. To do so, various psychological scales were administered on a sample of 1258 students including adolescents, late adolescents and young adults. Both boys and girls participated in the current study. Out of the total number, 258 school students were included in pilot study (objective 1) and 1000 school and college students were selected for the main study (objective 2) with the age range of 14 to 20 years. After the administration of the scales the data was analyzed by computing means, SD's and t-values. The results showed that all the t values had a significant difference leading to a conclusion that, the life skills imparted had a significant effect on adolescents' different aspects of life. All the findings have been shown accordingly and some suggestions have been recommended for future research.

Pages: 1202-1206
Sameena Manasawala and Anuradha Sahasrabudhe (Department of Education, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra)

Gifted children from underprivileged backgrounds are at a double disadvantage. This is because there is lack of awareness regarding giftedness in their surroundings as well as impoverished environment which leaves their potential unrecognized and undeveloped. For India as a nation with immense human resource potential it is important to understand which individuals possess inherent capacities that are likely to lead to future high achievements? Is it high intelligence or high academic achievement? Do positive self-image and self-esteem determine future success in gifted children? Thus, this study attempted to understand the self-concept of gifted children in relation to their academic achievement. Findings of this study revealed that there is a strong relationship between academic achievement and certain self-concept domains among the gifted population. Gifted children who underachieve in academics have a lower self-concept leading to poor evaluation of one's intellectual capability, and poor social adjustment. Thus, gifted underachievers may need support and nurturing to transform their inherent potential into successful performance. A few recommendations have been made: (i) a shift in the attitude of teachers, parents and the community to look beyond academic performance and value intelligence and thinking abilities in children, (ii) offering gifted academic underachievers the opportunity to perform and excel in non-academic areas which may enhance their self-concept, and (iii) including self-concept enhancement program while designing nurturing programs for underprivileged and underachieving gifted children.

Pages: 1211-1213
Amit Kumar and Rahmat Kaur Kochar (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Mental health is a crucial psychological factor with respect to the human behavior. Several studies have shown that emotional abilities are of particular relevance to psychological health and well-being. This study examined the predictive nature of Emotional Intelligence with standardized measures of mental health. For this purpose 100 students (50 males & 50 females) of 9th and 10th standard i.e. students of 13-15 years were selected as respondents. The result revealed that emotional intelligence and mental health were positively related with each other. It also revealed that male students were better than female students in terms of mental health and emotional intelligence. This study thus underlines the importance of training in emotional intelligence and mental health for female students particularly.

Pages: 1217-1219
Deekshaa Athwani, Manpreet Ola, and Vikas Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)

Crime is on a rise in our modern urbanising society, and it is not only adult crime but also juvenile delinquency is a matter of concern. This present study is to seep through and understand how delinquency can be avoided by checking the role of optimism and resilience in delinquent behaviours. It is seen that poor resilience increases delinquent behaviour, and since children with low socio-economic status undergo various stressors this study focuses on the target population of adolescents in Delhi slums. This study aims to find out how optimism mediates to build resilience and decrease delinquent behaviour. Quantitative research design is used to check correlation between the variables followed by mediation analysis is to form a mediation model. Purposive sampling technique is used and data is collected from young adults from slums in Delhi. Theories suggest that difficult social environment develop the attitude and skills to become delinquents. The present study focuses to develop an optimism resilience model to decrease delinquent behaviour.

Pages: 1225-1230
Sabira Nalakath and Moli P. Koshy (School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala)

Stakeholders in tourism are broadly classified as players of supply-side and demand side. Supply side players are referred as destination management organizations, service providers and host population; and the demand side constitutes tourists. The great performance of supply-side players basically enhances the satisfaction level at the demand side which is the ultimate goal of any destination management organization for growth and sustain ability of the destination. The comparative and competitive advantage that a destination possess over similar other destinations heighten the engagement and commitment of supply-side stakeholders for further investment in tourism sector and thereby business enlargement at the destination. Thus, framing proper stakeholder management policies and strategies are important for any tourist destination to enhance and sustain its competitiveness in both domestic and international markets. This article presents a theoretical framework to explore whether tourism destination competitiveness with a mediating effect of tourism suppliers' strategic congruence with destination would lead to their business performance at the destination. This could facilitate a clearer understanding of the nature of tourism suppliers' reactions to tourism, so that the results could help tourism planners and policy-makers to develop more appropriate destination products as well as to enhance competitiveness in tourism markets in turn.

Pages: 1234-1237
Saumya Sharan, Manpreet Ola and Vikas Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)

There is an increasing awareness as well as sensitisation in the society towards the sexual minority group and the need to initiate their inclusion, sense of belonging as well as ensuring their rights towards a civil life. This change has been more evident in the past two decades with increasing research on the transgender population, not just in India but on a global level. The aim of the present review paper is to highlight the mental health concerns that the transgender population faces which thus leads to manifestation of various psychological issues in them and the level to which this population feels supported in our society. To reach the objective of the study the variables considered were : 1) Social Anxiety 2) Perceived Social Support and 3) Quality of life in the Transgender population. Research studies focusing on these variables conducted globally were considered, critically analysed and articles from the papers were summarised in an attempt to clearly provide an explanation of the current understanding on the mental health of transgenders in terms of the occurrence of social anxiety, the level of perceived social support and their Quality of life.

Pages: 1242-1247
R. Sreeja and Kalpana Jain (Department of Psychology, ML Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan)

Every individual deserves equal opportunity to access basic amenities like food, safe drinking water, education, clothing, shelter besides other opportunities. But inequality exists in different forms and social justice is aimed at ensuring that every human being receives their basic right. Social Justice commitment is the willingness of a person to engage in social justice activities. It can be enhanced if the predicting factors can be determined. The role of Peer influence, Spiritual intelligence, Emotional intelligence and Resilience on Social Justice Commitment is examined in this review article. These factors were found to have positive influence on how a person reach out to others who are in need, how they faced challenges while promoting prosocial behaviour and over all well-being of a person. The direct influence of the predictors reviewed on Social Justice Commitment is not well explored. Hence, directs to further research and exploration of Social Justice Commitment.

Pages: 1251-1256
Debraj Deb (Department of Mass Communication, Assam University, Silchar, Assam)
Deepak Upadhyaya (Department of JMC, Tripura University, Tripura)

This paper is an attempt at understanding the rather under-explored area of Indian media ownership, mergers, and acquisitions and the effect it has on the prospects of free choice of content among the audience. It is a historical study and deals with secondary data from a number of sources that include RNI, FICCI-KPMG reports, media analysts' statistics, and relevant literature. The core idea of this study consists of examining the attempt of perpetuating a constructed perception of free choice over content through multiple media avenues while the same media continue to be rallied under lesser media corporations and conglomerates every year, thus, obliterating possibilities of divergent ideology and opinions. The study tries to offer critical comments on the growing integration of mass media ownership in India and foreign investments into them as well. This study is essentially a review of data and literature on media ownership in India. It tries to problematize the subject in the context of Chomsky's idea of necessary illusions, Ben Bagdikian's media monopoly theory and the counter-arguments of Ben Compaigne.

Pages: 1260-1262
Ranjana Singh (Department of Psychology, K.S. College, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar)
Vijay Pratap Singh (Department of Psychology, B.M.A. College, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar)

The present study explores the role of Marital Status (Married/Unmarried) in psychological well-being among working women. For this, a sample of 120 working women aged 25-35 years and working in public sector in Prayagraj, UP, India was taken. Psychological well-being scale of Ryff (1989) was used to assess the well-being of respondents. Data was analysed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed significant differences across the married and unmarried groups in overall well-being scores. Significant differences were also found in different dimensions of psychological well-being in respect of marital status.

Pages: 1268-1270
Afreen and Shah Alam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Emotional abuse is undervalued and underrated aspect among adolescents. Emotional Abuse is one of the biggest social evil. As a result of abuse, lose control in their lives, unable to attain confidence and unable to adjust in society. Adolescence is one of the most compelling and yet complex developmental stage. The outgrowth of emotional abuse put adolescents at risk and face severe consequences such as poor school performance, distress, anxiety, irritation and have long-term outcomes such as aggression, substance abuse, suicide, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. To measure the impact of emotional abuse on adjustment among adolescents and to learn if there is any difference in the impact of emotional abuse of male and female adolescents. The present research was a correlation study aimed at investigating the impact of Emotional Abuse on adjustment among adolescents. The sample consists of 50 adolescent boys and 50 adolescent girls and is between the ages of 18 to 21 from Al Barkat Institute. The convenient sampling method was used to select the participants. Moreover, the tools used for this study was Emotional Abuse developed by Alam and Nasheen, and Adjustment Inventory developed by Kumar. The data were analyzed using t test and Pearson correlation. The statistical results show that there is an impact of emotional abuse on adjustment among adolescents and as emotional abuse increases among male and female adjustment level decrease. The present research implicates that serious steps should be taken against emotional abuse, create awareness at societal level, to address the rising problem of abuse among adolescents and to examine interventions for the victims of emotional abuse.

Pages: 1275-1277
Shivali Devgan, Vikas Sharma, and Manpreet Ola (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University Gurugram, Haryana)

Caregivers play an important role in the dealing with the psychiatric disorders majorly Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders. Yet this key role is not taken so seriously. Caregivers are the ones dealing with so many aspects of life along with taking care of the person who is suffering some psychiatric disorder. They have their own burnouts. However, these individuals still have certain basis on which they keep the work going on. Therefore, this piece of work, the sole aim to bring into awareness the level of spirituality the caregivers have for the patients of schizophrenia and mood disorders, the level of optimism that helps them keep going with the care they provide, and the quality of life even after taking care of the people suffering from schizophrenia and mood disorders. Also, to suggest the ways how these can be curbed, so that further individuals can be able to deal better and their conditions can be made better.

Pages: 1281-1286
Sushma Rani (Department of History, Maharani Lakshmi Bai College, Hisar, Haryana)

गांधी जी ने स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्ति से पूर्व के भारत को अपने विचारों व कार्यों से एक सकारात्मक सोच प्रदान की थी, उन्होंने उस समय के महिला समाज को जागृत किया जब पुरूष समाज ही स्वयं को शक्तिहीन व विचारहीन मान चुका था। गांधी जी का मानना था कि जब तक महिला शक्ति का इस्तेमाल नहीं होगा तब तक समाज में किसी भी परिवर्तन की उम्मीद करना निरर्थक होगा, गांधी जी स्त्री व पुरूष के लिए समान शिक्षा के पक्षधर थे। उनके अनुसार शिक्षा का उद्देश्य पैसा कमाना नहीं, बल्कि अच्छा बनना और देश सेवा करना है। महिलाओं के तमाम शारीरिक, मानसिक और आत्मिक शक्तियों के सर्वन्तोमुखी विकास के लिए वे शिक्षा को महत्वपूर्ण मानते थे। यह गांधी जी के विचारों का ही प्रभाव था कि हरियाणा में भी कितनी ऐसी महिलाएं थी जो घर व राज्य की चार दीवारी से निकल गांधी जी के साथ कदम से कदम मिलाती हुई स्वतन्त्रता की लड़ाई लड़ रही थी। गांधी जी के विचारों व आर्य समाज के क्रियाकलापों में काफी समानता थी। यही कारण था कि हरियाणा में आर्य समाज से जुड़ने वाला परिवार गांधी दर्शन से भी जुड़ा हुआ था और इसका प्रभाव गांधी जी के प्रत्येक आंदोलन में देखने को मिला जहाँ पुरूषों के साथ-साथ हरियाणा की महिलाएं भी बढ़-चढ़ कर भाग ले रही थी और उन्हें गिरफ्तारियाँ देने में भी परहेज (गुरेज) नहीं था। इन आंदोलनों में हरियाणा की महिलाओं ने अपनी वीरता के ऐसे उदाहरण पेश किए कि वे दूसरे प्रान्तों की महिलाओं के लिए भी मिसाल बन गई। इनमें से कस्तूराबाई का नाम सदैव उल्लेखनीय रहेगा। जिन्होंने अपने गीतों के माध्यम से गांधी जी के विचारों को पूरे हरियाणा में फैलाया व महिला समाज को जागृत किया। यह गांधी जी के ही विचारों का प्रभाव था कि महिला समाज रूढ़िवादी परम्पराओं के विरोध में खड़ा होकर गांधी जी द्वारा चलाए जा रहे स्वतन्त्रता आंदोलनों में अपनी सक्रिय भूमिका निभा रहा था।