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Pages: 2068-2070
Radha Ghosh (Department of Education, Bijoy Krishna Girls College, Howrah, West Bengal)

Values in education are settled with the ever changing needs of the society .The importance of values can be taught to the students by the teachers and mentors who can act as role models. This paper elucidates the role of teachers in inculcating values among the students by organizing teaching learning environment.
Pages: 2071-2073
Inamul Haq (Centre for Gandhian Thought and Peace Studies Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat)

Arbitrary detention is the imprisonment of a person without proper evidence that he/she committed a crime or a case in which due process of law has not been properly followed (McChrystal, 2016). In other words, it means the holding of a person without trial when the evidence available is not sufficient for him or her to be charged or for a conviction to be secured by legal proof. The United Nations Human Rights Committee (1964) explains arbitrary detentions as imprisonment or arrest that are carried out by the state and includes the elements of inappropriateness, injustice, lack of predictability and due process of law. The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention has broadly defined arbitrary detention as: (a) Detention that have no valid legal basis. (b) Are intended to deny the detainee the exercise of the fundamental rights guaranteed by either domestic or international law (United Nations Manual, 2003).
Pages: 2074-2076
Manoj Kumar and Kiran Sahu (Department of Psychology, G. D. H. G. (PG) College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Mental health is known as a positive source contributing to overall development individually, socially, and economically. Mental health is the ability to make adjustment to the external world also it helps in dealing with many problems like career choice, academic pressure, relationship problem etc. Academic achievement is related to performance outcomes that indicate the performance graph of student's specifically in school, college, and university. Better mental health in students is reflected by healthy family organisation, good community and better school environment. Through the various review of studies we are trying to identify the connection between mental health and detailed measures of academic achievement during student's life. Mittal (2008) studied academic achievement of secondary level students in relation to their mental health and found that there was positive significant difference in academic achievement and mental health. According to the finding of many studies mental health & academic achievement have positive correlation which states that effect of one will lead to impact on other.
Pages: 2077-2080
Ridhima Duggal (Department of Psychology, (North Campus), University of Delhi, Delhi)

In the recent times, issues like malnutrition, unhealthy diet, smoking, higher alcohol consumption, inadequate exercise, drug abuse and erratic sleeping patterns are on the rise and have an adverse effect on the health of people. Incidence rate of health problems like cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and cancer has also increased drastically. Keeping this in mind, the present study was designed to study the effect of incentive-based step tracking app on fitness level of people. It was believed that incentives based on the principle of operant conditioning and behavioural economics can be instrumental in enhancing the physical activity of people. The study employed the repeated measures design wherein a sample consisting of ten participants were exposed to two treatment conditions. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, weight and step count of the participants was recorded by using the apps already installed in the smart phones for this purpose. In the second phase of the study, the participants were asked to install a new app known as 'Step Set Go' (SSG) in their mobiles, which acted as an intervention or treatment condition for the participants. Step count and weight of people was recorded even after the installation of this app. Results were analysed using Wilcoxon matched pair test and Rank difference correlation method. A significant difference was found between the two treatment groups and it was reported that incentive-based step tracking app leads to an increase in step count and decreases weight of people. However, no significant relation was found to exist between step count and weight.
Pages: 2081-2083
Deepak and Rajinder Singh Dhanger (Department of Political Science, C.R.M. Jat College Hisar, Haryana)

Right to Information act 2005 is an instrument by which we can get any information about the decision and working by the any government institution. The main aim of this act tm makes government more accountable and transparent. This act is an instrument against the illegal working by the government institution and corruption. By the help of this act the central idea of Democracy can be occupied. And the freedom of press is an important element of Democracy. In the Constitution of India the act of Right to Information is described as a fundamental right and this describe in the farm of freedom of press. Article 19 and 21 describe the freedom of press. Right to Information is the part fundamental right according to the Constitution. Before the implementation of this act government institution would not working properly. In this article merits and demerits, main provision of this act and historical background of Right to Information will be discussed.
Pages: 2084-2087
Dinesh Deman (Psychiatric Social Worker (Retd.), Psychiatric Centre SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Sanjeewani Hettiarachchi (Psychiatric Social Worker, National Institute of Mental Health, Sri-Lanka, South Asia)

Women's empowerment issue has been existing since a long time in our present social system. The major issues of dowry problem, domestic violation, restriction of widow remarriage and child marriage etc have been persisting in Hindu society. The empowerment of women could be emerged in the society but it is only possible by the mental health of the women and ultimately become well being. For the mental health care of the women is concern, the joint family system was playing significant role by the head of the family but the concept of joint family system has been slowly collapsed in the 21st century throughout the under develop countries. But in Sri-Lanka there is the concept of extended family systems which is slowly converted into nuclear family system in present time. Now, all the members of a family are living separately and having their own life-style, which in not controlled by the head of the unit, as it used to be in earlier times, but sometime women do not accept these changes in the family, which results in mental health problems due to inter personal conflict with the family members. Without mental health, it is difficult rather impossible for them to become empowered not only, in the Indian society even society of Sri-Lankan. The mental health of women will not suffer, if there is love and affection in the family. The criteria of support and affection in the family environment depends on the interpersonal relationships within the family, which add to the empowerment of women, and creates an environment in the society in which one has the power to make decisions and choices either individually or collectively for social transformation. Empowerment of women includes political, social, economic and cultural aspects but it is only possible on the basis of mental health care.
Pages: 2088-2101
Damanjit Sandhu and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Cyber bullying takes up an appreciable fraction of all bullying among young people and there exists a cogent relationship between cyber bullying and negative health indices. The present study was carefully designed to understand the social emotional difficulties associated with cyber bullying perpetration among early adolescents (13-15 years), the primary objective of the current research was to study the association of cyber bullying perpetration with various social and emotional difficulties (viz., face-to-face bullying victimization, attachment with parents & peers, social emotional competence & mental health). For the said purpose, 600 early-adolescents (300 males & 300 females) of age ranging between 13 to 15 years were randomly selected from various urban schools of Patiala, Chandigarh and Amritsar (Punjab, India). Adolescents from the participant schools were screened for cyber bullying perpetration to obtain a sample of 191 (108 males, 83 females) cyber bullying perpetrators. Various psychological measures were administered to study their social and emotional well-being. Obtained data were analysed by applying Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The major findings revealed that cyber bullying perpetration is positively correlated with physical victimization and attacks on property, father alienation, mother alienation, peer alienation, emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems in male adolescents and it is negatively correlated with father trust, peer trust, father communication, peer communication, self management, relationship management and responsible decision making in male adolescents. Considering the female adolescents, the results revealed that cyber bullying perpetration is positively correlated with social manipulation, verbal victimization, mother alienation, peer alienation, emotional problems and peer problems and it is negatively correlated with mother trust, peer trust, mother communication, peer communication, self awareness, self management and relationship management. Furthermore, stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that self management, relationship management, peer trust, emotional problems, peer alienation, peer problems and conduct problems contributed significantly towards cyber bullying perpetration in male adolescents and together, these variables explained 74% of the total variance in the males sample. Considering the females sample, peer problems, mother alienation, verbal victimization, social manipulation, emotional problems, and self management contributed significantly towards cyber bullying perpetration in female adolescents and together, these variables explained 74% of the total variance in the females sample. Overall, cyber bullying perpetration in both male and female adolescents is associated with myriad social and emotional difficulties.
Pages: 2102-2104
Suresh Kumar Bhakar and Poonam (Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

The main focus of this paper is to find the impact of RPO on employer and to find the benefits and risks of RPO. The objective has been accomplished through studying the pertinent literature and generating the conclusions originate in it. It would help the organisation to cut their cost, increase competitive advantage, and focus on core activities. The study will act as a yard stick for Indian organisations to give solution for increasing the satisfaction of employer.
Pages: 2105-2108
Shivani Mishra, Rashmi Kumar, and Deepti Mishra (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh)

Intergroup conflict has become a very serious issue in the world. It can manifest in many forms such as religious, ethnic, racial. Police plays significant role during conflict. This paper attempts to understand how police influence the intergroup conflict. It also aims to understand how police play role in the de-escalation and escalation of the conflict. In this regard, the present paper makes an attempt to review the literature to understand the role of police. Based on findings of the literature review, it can be concluded that an individual's belonging to a particular group of society such as minority or majority group shapes their perception toward police. Their previous direct experience or indirect experience with police such as their group's experience can influence their trust in police. Trust in police can influence activities of conflicting parties during the conflict which can enhance or inhibit the conflict. The police are often seen as in favor of a given ethnic or political group in intergroup conflicts. In India, it is well documented that police biased during intergroup conflict, which lead to escalation of conflict, and loss of life and property. It is also happens sometimes that police faces challenges to manage conflict due to lack of support of bureaucracy, peoples, and government.
Pages: 2109-2112
Jacob Islary (Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai and Teaches Social Work, Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, Assam)
Shagun Saklani Pandey (Social Work Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai Freelance Researcher Based, Mumbai)

This paper presents social work practice methods of Social Casework and Social Group Work as means of strengthening resilience in families and individuals that in turn lead to resilient society. Understanding resilience as an ability to bounce back and maintain positive adaptation by individuals despite experiences of significant adversity, a discourse is made that Social Casework and Social Group Work while understanding family from a systems perspective could also consider social psychology perspective in intervening to strengthen family resilience. The discourse in this paper has been developed out of review of literature and experiences from the field. The study highlights that while family is a system with sub-system having interplay of dynamics and varied roles and functions; it has also to be understood from social psychology perspective which involves actions, attitudes, feelings and perceptions. Social work methods like social casework and social group work that are concerned with transactions among persons, family and environment and with a wide range of strategies for assessment and intervention can strengthen family resilience.
Pages: 2113-2115
Rashmi Rai (Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)
Ushri Banerjee (Department of Applied psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)

The purpose of the present study is to compare the scores of college students who are into extracurricular activities and who are not into extracurricular activities on the variables of executive functioning (EF) skills, positive psychology traits, emotional regulation and social competence. Data have been collected from 424 male and female college students (age 18-24 years) utilizing purposive sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results indicated significant difference on scores between Male and Female students involved in extracurricular activity; females scored higher on Executive functioning and males scored higher on Emotional regulation, Life satisfaction, Grit, social competence than females. Among students who are into extracurricular activities, executive functioning predicted emotional regulation, social competence; optimism predicted social competence. Among students who are not into extracurricular activities, executive functioning, optimism, life satisfaction predicted emotional regulation and social competence; grit, positive and negative affect predicted social competence. Mediating effect of variables among students into and not into extracurricular activities revealed that grit, optimism, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect on social competence; optimism on emotional regulation.
Pages: 2116-2121
Suravi Sahu and Chandrashree Lenka (P.G. Department of Home Science, Sambalpur University, Jyotivihar, Burla, Odisha)

Intrauterine growth and development is one of the most important process in human life cycle and it is closely associated with birth weight of the newborns. It is also an important predictor of children's future health and later life survival. Life begins in the mother's womb and factors associated with maternal health has a great impact on newborns birth weight .Further maternal health status depend on their socio economic condition, nutritional status and their dietary intake. This is a vicious cycle. The aim of present research is to study the influence of the socio-demographic determinants of mothers on birth weight of newborns in rural areas. For the present study Lakhanpur and Jharsuguda Block of Jharsuguda district of Odisha was selected as study area and purposive sampling method was followed . 300 women in third trimester of pregnancy till their delivery were selected from the total population. The findings of the present study indicated that several maternal parameters such as caste, education, monthly income of the family, socio economic class of the mothers were significantly related to risk of delivery and low birth weight of the baby. Even though various steps has been taken by the government and different voluntary organization to tackle the problem of low birth weight of newborns, still the problem is staggering the situation over all the country. Thus educating mothers for changing their behavioral pattern and proper use of health care services along with emphasis on maternal nutrition and health care may be the right solution to reduce the number of low birth weight babies.
Pages: 2122-2130
Damanjit Sandhu and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)
Dimpy Mahanta (Department of Psychology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam)

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious public health concern crossing social, economic, racial and cultural divides. Given the high prevalence of this type of abuse among children in the North-Eastern parts of India and its disproportionate impact on their overall well-being, it is crucial to study this issue focusing on the North-Eastern aspects of the scenario. Thus, the primary aim of the present study was to gauge the impact of sexual abuse upon children in tea gardens of Assam. For the given purpose, 120 adolescents (60 males & 60 females) of age ranging from 12 to 15 years were randomly selected from various schools nearby different tea estates of Assam, which majorly catered to the children of tea garden workers. Adolescents from the participant schools were screened for having sexual abuse experiences to obtain a sample of 19 adolescents (7 males & 12 females) having a history of sexual abuse with the help of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire by Berstein and Fink (1998). The screened adolescents further served as participants in the focus group discussions. Results of the study revealed that majority of the participants lacked prior awareness about child sexual abuse. They experienced varied sexual behaviours ranging from inappropriate touching to forced penetration. The perpetrator in all the cases was someone known to the child. Six years was found to be the age of having experienced the abuse for the first time. All participants exhibited poor psychosocial health. Majority of the participants reported current relationship with family, relatives and peers as fraught with various interpersonal difficulties. Results also revealed that none of the participants disclosed about their abuse experience to anyone. Overall, this study informed about the traumatic sexual abuse experiences of the adolescents from different schools catering to the tea gardens of Assam and its impact on their lives. This study highlights the need for the involvement of various stakeholders in the prevention of child sexual abuse.
Pages: 811-818
Deepak Upadhyaya (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura)

With an objective to understand how the print media in Assam has been covering issues revolving around HIV/AIDS to sensitize the people in general and students in particular, of the impending peril associated with a lack of awareness with regard HIV/AID, a newspaper content analysis study was undertaken by the researcher. Five prominent daily newspapers available in the region were selected for the study. The Times of India, the largest English daily of the country, three newspapers from the regional English press, viz., The Assam Tribune, The Telegraph, and The Sentinel, and one from the vernacular language press-The Asomiya Pratidin were selected for the purpose of the present study. This paper is a summary of the results of the study of the one-year time frame of news stories of the above newspapers. Coverage pattern from 1st January2005 to 31st December 2005 in Assam regarding the dimensions of HIV/AIDS issues revealed what amount of importance was accorded by the print media with respect to its role in the society as an agenda-setter.
Pages: 819-825
Vivek Kumar Jha (Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana)
Rati Khurana (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

The established role of caregivers is to be there for their loved one in their hard times and be able to provide for their specific needs. The task is such a tedious process that it may deplete whole lot of resources of the caregiver in every aspect like physical, emotional, financial and social. The literature aims to point out at the psychological hardships a caretaker goes through while looking after the patient, which includes, depression, anxiety, stress and so on. Lack of proper knowledge with the caregivers often leads to mismanaged guardianship which increases their stress and leaves them in despair. Hence, interventions like psycho education training and Traditional Cognitive Behaviour Therapy are being carried out to help the caregivers. Literature suggests that, Psycho education training shave empowered the lives of caregivers and 8 weeks of Traditional Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Sessions have relieved the caregivers partially from stress, anxiety and depression. Though the aim of this research is to introduce a new intervention as an aid to the caregivers which is called the fourth wave of CBT, i.e., Positive Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. The biggest gaps evident from the literature are that positive CBT hasn't been used yet. It is believed that this therapy would help caregivers not only reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress but would be a positive reinforcement to their well-being. Positive Cognitive Behaviour Therapy aims at helping individual's builda more ideal future for them, where they would likely be happy to see themselves. As Bannink believes that the aim of therapy should not only be reduction of symptoms but making clients work towards a brighter future which reduces the rate of relapse.
Pages: 826-829
Parisa Bahramian (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)
Alpana Vaidya (Department of Psychology, Symbiosis College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Pune, Maharashtra)

Present study explored the relationship between youth problems and suicidal ideation in youth. Researchers have chosen college students in the age group of 18 to 20 years. The sample size was 400 students. The research was conducted in universities and colleges. Samples were collected from students by filling the questionnaire. Results were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation method. Results indicated the positive correlation between youth problems and suicidal ideation. Result showed the significant correlation between four areas in youth problems and suicidal ideation. The four areas are: Family problems, school/college problems, social problems and lastly the personal problems and over sensitivity have positive correlation with suicidal ideation.
Pages: 830-836
Shagufta Afroz and P.S.N. Tiwari (Department of Psychology, D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)

Belongingness is the humanoid drive to form affirmative and long-term interpersonal relationships and in the long run to be a part of a social group milieu (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Humans have an integral longing to belong in interpersonal relationships, failure to fulfill this desire outcome in mental suffering and loneliness. Lack of belonging can be encountered with terrible consequences to psychological well-being. The present study was planned to tap the role of family belongingness in subjective well-being of the participants from Uttar Pradesh (India). Family Belongingness Motive Scale (Afroz & Tiwari) and Subjective well-being scale (Nagpal) were directed on a sample of 301 male, female and third gender participants. Extreme group strategy was implemented to identify the low and high family belongingness group. Scores above Q3 and below Q1 were considered as high and low family belongingness group. Finally a data of 197 subjects was subjected to one way analysis of variance for different groups of subjects. High and low family belongingness groups were found to be significantly differed for Positive affect, Negative affect, Rootedness and Belongingness and subjective well-being overall. Furthermore, male, female and third gender participants also differed significantly for Positive affect, Density and social network and expectation achievement harmony. The insinuations of the study are also discussed in the light of existing literature.
Pages: 837-841
Neetu Sarin (Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist, School of Human Studies, Ambedkar University, Delhi)

Psychoanalysis and Feminism have been concerned with questions of femininity and sexuality in women. In India, having a daughter is particularly fraught with anxieties of dependence, sexuality and legitimacy of her needs. The unwantedness of a girl child coupled with sexual abuse make the phenomenon of sexuality and selfhood traumatic. Often in cases of childhood sexual abuse (with its subsequent emotional neglect) leads to states of dissociation, frozen self-states (Bromberg, 2001) and a tumultuous relationship with one's body. The body becomes the site at which traumatic memories get enacted. Questions of sexuality become intertwined with questions of existence. Often these women survivors require relational and interpersonal spaces within and outside families where the shame, pain and confusion of the abuse and sexual development can be mentalised. In this paper, the complex weave of care and desire in parenting is examined, where care without an acknowledgments of the sexual parts of the young woman only leads to more oppression and violence. Sexual development without an affective care points towards the psychological poverty of the Indian family. Withdrawal of affection post puberty and emotional distancing from the daughter often become traumatic markers in the life of the young woman. What are the spaces a young daughter can access in India to find a home for her desire? Psychotherapeutic work can be used to create a gender identity and bring into language the unconscious gendered experience. The paper charts the psychological changes and changing familial relationships with a daughter. Sexual abuse and emotional neglect have been mindfully twinned to locate the experience of the young daughter and her psychological place in the family.
Pages: 842-844
Pratibha Singh (PG Department of Psychology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, Bihar)

The present study aims to understanding patterns of stress, home and environmental adjustment of soldier's wives. This study is based on 25 semi urban and 15 rural females (age range 22-35). For exploring the present phenomenon, open ended interview has been conducted. The data revealed and unique pattern of stress, home and emotional adjustment among such females. The absence of continuous proximity with husband makes such women's life experience quite distinct from others. The reported almost no conflict with their husbands. The experienced sexual arousal, seeking other couples in the family or neighbourhood. it generated stress and consequent feeling of irritability. These women were found to be experiencing alone, overburdened with responsibilities, in secured and unable to rear their children properly. The social relationship in the family was found to be guided by economic factor. In case of any conflict among with the husband and the family members, she openly turned out to be loser. Thus it is a continuous process of repression and miss fortune for the wives of soldiers and also for their children.
Pages: 845-848
Pratibha, Sanjay Bhayana, and Neeraj (National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, HSIIDC, Kundli, Haryana)

Livelihood activities are applied strategy for coping with environmental, economic, social shocks and instrumental in the reduction of poverty. In this study, we have assessed the effect of Self-help Group members livelihood activities on the decision making ability of Bhiwani district of Haryana. It was observed after joining the Self-help Groups by the women respondents have increased their decision making ability due to increasing of self-confidence, self-reliance, enthusiasm and women em-powerments. The maximum respondents were belonging from Schedule Caste (SC) caste (52.2%) followed by Other Backward Caste (OBC) caste. The decision making ability was significantly increased after the joining of SHGs by the women respondents in the field of expenditure of family consumer goods, religious functions, children's education, working outside the home and social aspects areas. The primary data were collected on the bases of simple random sampling for the selection of location and the Self-help Groups selected through convenience sampling. The sample size for this study is 160 women's of different Self-help Groups. The data are analysis through SPSS 20.0 software. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was used to test the variations among the respondents in relation to participation in the decision-making process.
Pages: 849-851
Priyanka Gaur and Renuka Sharma (Bhagat Phool Singh Institute of Teacher Training, BPSMV, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat , Haryana)

Socio economic development in the country along with various indicators of knowledge as gained through various systems of education have played a very significant role in each socio-economic group. The society has gained knowledge through various systems of education prevailing in various fields of specialization, i.e., education, technological, scientific, agricultural and many more. In the recent past it is being observed that in the field of education especially in the educational institutions there is an exponential growth in the habit of absenteeism amongst various groups of pupil teachers. The literature on the absenteeism characteristics and socio-economic indicators of the pupil teacher is very scanty. In order to meet the gap in knowledge, the researcher has tried to establish relationship between the socio-economic status and absenteeism amongst a group of pupil teachers studying in various colleges of education in Haryana.
Pages: 852-857
Geeta Ahirwar, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari, and Pramod Kumar Rai (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh)

The basic goal of the study was to understand the role of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness dimensions of Big Five personality in impacting the nature and extent of children's forgiveness. The study chooses three hundred children with equal number of males (M = 10.01, SD = 0.85) and females (M = 10.00, SD = 0.90) with age ranging from 7 years to 11 years. The Big Five Questionnaire-Children (Barbaranelli, Caprara, Rabasca, & Pastorelli, 2003) and forgiveness vignette of children (Goss, 2002) were used to measure personality and forgiveness of the children, respectively. The findings exhibited that the female children significantly achieved higher mean scores on conscientiousness and emotional stability dimensions of personality as compared to the males while no gender differences were observed in the extraversion, agreeableness and openness personality traits. Conversely, the male children showed significantly higher achievement in the mean score of forgiveness as compared to their female counterparts. The extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and emotional stability dimensions of personality showed significant positive correlations with the scores of forgiveness of the male children while significant as well as non-significant negative correlations were recorded among these scores for the female children. Irrespective of gender, non-significant positive correlations were recorded among these scores for children. Gender and, extraversion and conscientiousness personality dimensions contributed significantly to the scores of forgiveness of children. The study observed a significant role of personality in understanding forgiveness of children. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, parents, teachers and educational policymakers. Directions for future research and limitations of the study have been presented.
Pages: 858-862
Sujata Bhau and Suninder Tung (Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

Bullying is one of the important issues faced by adolescents worldwide. Attachment theory provides an explanation to study such externalizing behaviors among adolescents and to explore the role of attachment in the development of bullying behavior. Along with mother and father attachment, peer attachment during adolescence becomes more important since the object of attachment expands to individuals beyond family. Based on this theoretical foundation, the present study was conducted to assess the relationship between bullying, mother attachment, father attachment and peer attachment. The sample comprised of 614 adolescents of age 12-18 years drawn from various schools of Jammu, J & K. The required data was collected using Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) and Illinois Bully Scale (Espelage & Holt, 2001). The data was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analyses. It was found that mother attachment and peer attachment were significantly negatively correlated with bullying perpetration. Multiple regression analyses reveal that mother attachment and peer attachment significantly negatively predict bullying perpetration among adolescents. The results are discussed in the light of theoretical rationale.
Pages: 863-866
Shubhangni Jain and Nudrat Jahan (Department of Clinical Psychology, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana)
Dinesh Kataria (Department of Psychiatry, Lady Harding Medical Collage, New Delhi)

Social support is very essential to overcome difficulties of life. Human as social creatures, they prefer to live in groups and help each other. In Maslow's theory need for love and belongingness is an important component. It is associated with human social need such as acceptance by society and making relationships. This is a condition in which chronic underline anxiety and unresolved conflicts are evident in patient such as numbness, paralysis, or seizures. These symptoms have no neurological explanations. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based interventions has been proved as an effective treatment for treatment of conversion disorder. Medicine like sertraline was also recommended to reduce symptom associated with disorder. Aim of current research was to see the 'effect of CBT combined with medicine on social support in conversion disorder patients'. Quasi experimental research design is followed for the study. A sample of 15 female patients with conversion disorder selected from Delhi NCR region. P.G.I. Social Support Questionnaire Nehra, Kulhara, and Verma (1998)were administered on patients suffering from conversion disorder to measure the level of pre and post intervention level of social support. Intervention was provided to them with CBT combined with medicine. On pre and post treatment assessment significant difference is find in social support (t = 4.92; p<.001). CBT combined with medicine improves the social support in Conversion disorder patients.
Pages: 867-870
Bhavna Uba and Meena Jain (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Change is inevitable and with time everything changes at its own pace. None of the factors, be it psychological or social can be prevented from change. One of the most influential factors in child's life is parenting. Parenting can be defined as a process through which parents nourish their children with care, love values and other factors. In the last decades, parenting and parenting style have gone through a tremendous amount of change. Along with parenting style, the parent-child relationship has also transformed. Keeping this in mind, the present paper has tried to explore what is parenting, different styles of parenting and how parenting and parent child-relationship has changed over time. This paper has been done by reviewing different papers and articles and it was found that the family structure, expansion in the opportunities and choices available to parents as well as children have influenced parenting to a great extent. The advent of technology has brought everything in the immediate reach of children which has resulted in decreased level of patience in children and has made parenting a burdensome task. Besides the differences, the paper also indicates towards the evidences in support of the notion that similarities transmit from one generation parents to the next one.
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