IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review is an indexed and refereed journal published monthly by the Indian Association of Health, Research, and Welfare (IAHRW). IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review likely aims to promote interdisciplinary research in social sciences by providing a platform for scholars, academicians, and professionals. Its primary objectives include fostering discussions on contemporary social issues, policy-making, and human development while encouraging evidence-based research in sociology, psychology, political science, economics, and cultural studies. The journal focuses on areas such as social behavior, education, governance, gender studies, mental health, and societal well-being. Its goals include publishing high-quality research, supporting academic discourse, and contributing to knowledge that influences social policies and community development. IAHRW IJSSR is a peer-reviewed journal, and the papers are published after a review process by the review panel of the journal. This journal has been published regularly since 2013. For more details write to us at iahrw2019@gmail.com
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, President Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare
Editorial Office: 1245/4, Mohalla Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: suneil.psy@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW Publications Pvt. Ltd
ISSN: 2347-3797 (print version)
ISSN: . (electronic version)
Frequency: Monthly
Indexing: EBSCOhost Connection Two, Academic Search Complete, The Belt and Road Initiative Reference Source, Cogito Indexing Text, Academic Search Ultimate, Academic Search Main Edition, Biomedical Index, Google Scholar Crawl Database, SocINDEX with Full Text, Sociology Source Ultimate, ProQuest, I-scholar, Google Scholar and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.42
CHIEF EDITOR
Sunil Saini, PhD
Indian Association of Health Research and Welfare, Hisar, Haryana, India
INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD
Rankoana Sejabaledi Agnes, PhD, University of Limpopo, South Africa
Sakhile Manyathi, PhD, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
EDITORS
Anita Sharma, PhD, HP University, Shimla, HP
C R. Darolia, PhD, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana
Damanjit Sandhu, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Jaspreet Kaur, PhD, Punjabi University Patiala
Ritesh Kumar Singh, PhD, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi
Radhy Shyam, PhD, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana
Rekha Sapra, PhD, University of Delhi, Delhi
Sandeep Singh, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Sangeeta Trama, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Sunita Malhotra, PhD, Former Dean, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana
Waheeda Khan, PhD, SGT University, Gurugram
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, President Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare (IAHRW)
Editorial Office: 1245/4, Mohalla Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com, suneil_psy@iahrw.org
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare (IAHRW)
ISSN: 2347-3797 (print version)
ISSN: . (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: EBSCOhost Connection Two, Academic Search Complete, The Belt and Road Initiative Reference Source, Cogito Indexing Text, Academic Search Ultimate, Academic Search Main Edition, Biomedical Index, Google Scholar Crawl Database, SocINDEX with Full Text, Sociology Source Ultimate, ProQuest, I-scholar, Google Scholar and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.42Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Author’s guidelines:
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review (IJSSR) is a peer-reviewed research journal published quarterly by Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare. The IJSSR is indexed with EBSCO, J-Gate, etc. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of scientific excellence in the area of Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Education, Social Work, Political Science, Management, Commerce, Economics, Mass Media, History, Political Sciences, Geography, History and other related fields. IJSSR is published monthly now
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References
References should be as per APA format as follows
• Journal article
Panda, T., Lamba, V., Goyal, N., Saini, S., Boora, S., Cruz. (2018). Psychometric Testing in Schools. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(2), 213–245.
• Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086
• Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Book chapter
O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York: Springer.
• Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. Resource document. American Psychiatric Association. https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014645/http://www.psych.org:80/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.
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Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, President Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare
Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India,
Email: suneil.psy@gmail.com,
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2347-3797 (print version)
ISSN: . (electronic version)
Frequency: Monthly
Indexing: EBSCO, i-scholar
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All content of the IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review is subject to peer-review. The Editor first checks and evaluates the submitted manuscript, examining its fit and quality regarding its significance, manuscript format, research quality. If it is suitable for potential pubication, the Editor directs the manuscript for Plagiarism check, and the minimum similarity acceptable is below 20% without references. After that, editor directs the manuscript to two reviewers, with both being experts in the field. This journal employs double-blind review, wehre the author and referee remains anonymous througout the process. Referees are asked to avaluate whetehr the manuscript is original, makes a theoretical contribution to the study, methodoogy is sound, follos appropriate ethical guidelines, whether the results are clearly presented and sufficient supporting studies are given and support the conclusion. The time for evaluation is approximately one month. The Editor’s decision will be sent to the author with recommendations made by the referees. Revised manuscripts might be returned to the initial referees who may then request another revision of the manuscript. After both reviewer’s feedback, the Editor decides if the manuscript will be rejected, accepted with revision needed or accepted for publication. The Editor’s decision is final. Regerees advise the Editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.
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Confict of Interest Policy
Transparency and objectiity in research are essential for publication in this journal. These principles are strictily followed in our peer review process and decision of publication. Manuscript submissions are assigned to reviewers in an effort to minimize potential conflicts of interest. After papers are assigned, individual reviewers are required to inform the editor-in-chief of any conflict.
Pages: 1917-1920 Singdha Panday (MATS School of Education, MATS University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) Vaishali Shukla (School of Studies in Regional Studies and Research Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh) The aim of the present review is to find out the research status from the relevant research literature, on occupational aspiration of Indian studies. A literature search using J gate, Google Scholar, INFLIBNET, Science Direct, J-store, database covering the period from 2000 to 2018 was conducted. The authors reviewed 12 studies with certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Search terms were occupational aspiration academic achievement, self-concept and self-efficacy. After examining different aspect of 12 empirical papers, it was found that most of the studies (a) have been conducted on adolescent population (b) self-concept and self-efficacy were found most important variable affecting occupational aspiration (c) inspite of being potential predicting values of self-esteem, cognitive differentiation, occupational information, computer assisted, career decision making, self-efficacy this variable have been ignored by the researchers working in this area of research in India Methodological and theoretical issues have been discussed. |
Pages: 1-3 Sunita Singh, Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, College of Basic Sciences, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana ) Gender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all spheres of life. Democratic decentralization is best bet for good governance. The present investigation was undertaken to study the constraints and suggestions to promote women participation in Gram Panchayat activities. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state having highest and lowest female literacy status i.e. Panchkula and Mewat, respectively. Adopting random sampling techniques villages from each sample block were selected. Ultimate stage of sampling constituted the selection of respondents which in the present study were women sarpanches and Panches (Panchayat members). Since the number of such respondents in each of the sample villages was very small (4-6 depending on size of Panchayat), all the members from each village were taken into sample. Thus the ultimate sample taken was of 160 respondents consisting of 80 respondents from each district. Different descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS statistical package. Activities of Gram Panchyat refers to the activities undertaken by Gram Panchayats such as meetings held, management of budget, its utilization, and works related to agriculture sanitation, construction and maintenance, education, drinking water, farm forestry, administration, fisheries etc. Majority of respondents were having no knowledge about most of structural aspects of panchayat but were having full knowledge and involvement in social activities, educational, political, public work and civic amenities and health and sanitation. Literacy advanced area had clear and positive effect on knowledge level of elected women representatives about structural and functional activities. Younger age respondents were having high knowledge level about most of panchayat activities, structural aspects and decision making. Significant association of income and occupation with knowledge level of women members was observed. Mass media exposure of women representatives had significant impact on their knowledge level about various panchayat activities. Positive change in women participation in meetings and training programmes was observed followed by change in social customs as they were coming out of home boundaries to participate in panchayat activities. Some of the constraints faced by elected women representatives were delay in approval of plan and budget, lack of staff, too much control of bureaucrats, favoritism, lack of knowledge and non-cooperation by male members. It is suggested that efforts are required for real empowerment of rural women by bringing about an attitudinal change in both men and women. Key words: Women Empowerment, Gram Panchayat |
Pages: 4-7 Monika (Department of Sociology, College of Basic Sciences, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana ) Many psychologists believe that motivation plays an important role in learning. If that is the case, in institutes of higher education where students are expected to be self-directed in their learning, motivation becomes an essential element. Though aspects of motivation and learning have been studied quite extensively in the West, to date there is a dearth of research in this area in India. Also they have to make decisions in such a way which will help them to accomplish their learning tasks. So the level of motivation may play an important role in the way they attend to these learning tasks. Also this study is important as it addresses educators, teachers and parents about improving students' achievement through fostering their patterns of beliefs and behaviors which subsequently improve their well being. The current paper reviews role of parents and teachers in academic motivation among students |
Pages: 8-9 Monika Choudhry (Tikaram College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana) In ancient times it was often thought that disabilities is a punishment for sins committed in earlier lives or a result of ones misdeeds in present birth. Later this led to faulty medical and educational modals for rehabilitation today medical model is being replaced by sociological and developmental model. Data collected in 2002 by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), indicated that the number of persons with disabilities was 1.85 crore. There may be slight variation in figures as difference in coverage and definitions used for collection of data may be justifying / misleading. A society which disowner its persons with disabilities may loose out on rights productive potential of these people and non-inclusion may result in loss of GDP, growth in human index. Inclusive Education is based on the belief that people / adults work in inclusive communities, work with people of different races, religions, aspirations and disabilities. In the same vein children of all ages should learn and grow in environments that resemble the environment that they will eventually work in peer collaboration and consultation the pillars an which i.e. creates a strong foundation. It sees individual differences not as problems to be fixed but as opportunities to enrich learning and entrance change. The Inclusive Education Programme is dependent upon the clinical facilities practices, demonstration and student teaching practices in a variety of existing schools serving special needs children and youth. A more exciting and far-reaching way of thinking about inclusion and cooperation is based on the belief that all children belong to the general education classroom. By creating a community that is cooperative and inclusive, children's acceptance and success in the general education environment will be greatly enhanced. It aims at all stakeholders in the system (learners, parents, community, teachers, administrators and policy makers) to be comfortable with diversity and see it as a challenge rather than a problem |
Pages: 10-11 Jyoti Rani and P. S. Malik (Department of Sociology, College of Basic science & Humanities, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana) The present study was conducted in rural agricultural Haryana. For the purpose, four districts namely Sonipat, Gurgaon, Kurukshetra and Hisar were selected on the basis of highest area under vegetable cultivation. From each selected district, one tehsil was selected. Seventy five respondents from each tehsil were randomly selected for the purpose of data collection. Respondents were personally interviewed using well structured schedule. The data revealed that there were two types of vegetable cultivators, traditional (83%) and innovative (17%). Both gave their on reasons being engaged in vegetable cultivation. Traditional vegetable cultivators follow the trends due to higher income (99.59%) and full utilization of family labour (98.79%) and hundred per cent Innovative vegetable cultivators adopted vegetable cultivation because of higher income, regular market demand, more crop in a year from the same piece of land and getting money throughout the year. Overall vegetable cultivation is a profitable deal that's why they are following their tradition of vegetable cultivation. |
Pages: 12-14 Rajesh Kumar (Department of History, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh) The British Indian Army, was officially named just the Indian Army, and was the principal army of the British Raj in India before independence in 1947. It was responsible for the defence of both directly governed British India and the Princely states (which could also have their own armies). The Indian Army was an important part of the British Empire's forces, both in India and abroad, particularly during the First World War and the Second World War. |
Pages: 15-18 Jyoti Chahal (Department of Commerce, Govt. P.G. College, Gohana, Haryana) Financial inclusion refers to the strategy adopted to make banking activities and its benefits reach the unbanked areas. It is a drive to bring the unprivileged people at par with the mainstream. Inclusive financial system allows poor households to save and manage their money in a secure manner, decreases their exposure to economic shocks in the form of drought, floods or any calamity of the kind which affects people dependant on agricultural activities. More than 150 million poor people have access to collateral free loans. However, there are still large sections of the world population that are excluded from the financial market. In India half of the poor are financially excluded from the country's main stream of banking sector. This paper discuss the current status of the financial inclusion in India, various measures taken by the RBI in this concern and examine critically the loopholes in these measures and suggest how to reap the benefit of financial inclusion. |
Pages: 19-20 Vikas Chaudhary (Department of Law, C.R. Law College, Hisar, Haryana) Infanticide is the term which is used to denote the unlawful destruction of a new born baby. Since it is an age old practice and is widely noticed in the parts of Indian-sub-continent. Female infanticide has assumed the status of evil as the derogatory practice has become the hall mark of Indian Society. The reasons indicated for this evil is the spread of dowry with exorbitant demands, patriarchal society and feudal mindset of the people. The legislations are enacted to curb this menace. There are provisions in the Indian Penal Code 1860 in the form of section 312, 313, 314. 315, 316 which makes the miscarriage a punishable offence and if done with the consent of the mother, the mother is also liable as an abettor. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 (M.P.T.) and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques, (prohibition of set selection) Act 1994 has created deterrent against the female foeticide but this menace is still prevailing as we need to change the mindset of the people. Legislation alone can not provide solution to this social evil. |
Pages: 21-23 Garima Yadav (Department of Psychology, Dronacharya Govt. College, Gurgaon, Haryana) Work environment can be both motivating and discouraging. Time spent in the office with colleagues influences the behavior and personality on an individual directly. It also lays a direct effect on the physical, social and emotional well being of the individual. Sleeping pattern gets disturbed in most of the cases. Insomnia and partial insomnia have now been recognized as an indicator of stress and pressure caused at workplace. |
Pages: 24-26 Sandeep Verma, Anup Kumar, Mona Yadav and Sunil Bainda (Independent Scholars, Fatehabad, Haryana) Delineation of flood vulnerable zones mapping were conducted to identify the priority areas and high risk zones in the flood plains of Ghaggar River in Fatehabad district. Remote Sensing and GIS provides more flexible and accurate decisions to the decision makers in order to evaluate the effective factors. Fatehabad District situated in western part of Haryana has an area of 2538 sq. km. geographically it falls between 2915' to 2949' North latitude and 7513' to 7558' East longitude. The total area of Fatehabad District is 2538 km2.IRS-P6LISS-III(Oct, 2009) data has been used in the study. A digital Elevation Model (DEM) method has been used to analyze the flood vulnerable zones. Out of thetotal area of Fatehabad District, 44.28 sq. km area is under highly vulnerable zone, 475.62 sq. km area is under moderate vulnerable zone and 1935.36 sq km area is under the safe zone. Flood disaster has a very special place in natural hazards. Its effect area is not bounded; it is an unusual event of a river basin. Some of the causative factors for flooding in watershed are taken into account as annual rainfall, size of watershed, slope, drainage density and land use. Digital elevation model (DEM) is useful in delineating the vulnerable zones. Flood vulnerable zones of Fatehabad District maps have been generated with a view to assisting decision makers on the menace posed by the disaster. |
Pages: 27-28 Vikas Chaudhary (Department of Law, C.R. Law College, Hisar, Haryana) The constitutional mandate Under Article 20(2) is that no person shall be vexed twice for the same cause. The corresponding provision in the code of criminal procedure in section 300 of the Act calls for the idea of Issue Estoppel. The Apex Court Judgment in the case of Kollaveera Ragh Roa Vs Gorantla Venkateswara Rao (A.I.R. 2001SC641) has added new dimension to the concept of Double Jeopardy. It was categorically held by the Supreme Court that person already convicted under section 138 of the Negotiable Instrument Act 1981 could not be again tried and convicted under section 420 of the IPC or under any other provision of any other law which is in force for the time being. Apex Court dealt with section 300(1) of Crpc AND Article 20(2) of the Indian Constitution and a pragmatic and functional approach was adopted by the Supreme Court in resolving and reconciling the conflicting claims and interest. |
Pages: 29-34 Pradeep Kumar (Psychiatric Social Worker, State Institute of Mental Health PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana) Samrat Singh Bhandari (Department of Psychiatry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok) Dharmender Kumar Nehra ( Clinical Psychologist, State Institute of Mental Health PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana) Altaf Paul (Department of Psychology Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi ) Suicide is among the top three causes of death among youth worldwide.Suicidal behavior is a due to a complex interaction of social, environment, biological and cultural factors.Suicide in the Indian context calls for an appreciation of the literary, religious, and cultural ethos of the subcontinent because tradition has rarely permeated the lives of people for as long as it has in India.Suicide is an important, largely preventable public health problem.There is a growing recognition that prevention strategies need to be tailored to the region-specific demographics of a country and to be implemented in a culturally-sensitive manner.The motives and modes of suicide are also distinct from western countries. Preventive strategies implemented at a community level and identifying vulnerable individuals maybe more effective than global strategies. |
Pages: 35-37 GarimaYadav (Department of Psychology, Dronacharya Govt. College, Gurgaon, Haryana) Family forms the basis of socialization and personality making. Children right form birth gets attached to parents and siblings on the basis of their care, benevolence and love for them. Yet in certain cases the picture is not so rosy, as there are cases of child abuse-sexual and physical. This abuse, neglect and inhuman attitude of so-called adults in the family prove detrimental for the children because it not only affects their personality but also influences their decision-making. Healthy parenting and loving environment on the contrary shows confident individuals and better decision makers. Conscious efforts must be made to address the issue of neglect and abuse. |
Pages: 38-39 Rajesh Kumar (Department of History, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh) On November 1, 1858, Queen Victoria issued a Royal Proclamation, hailed by many as “the Magna Charta of India,” announcing the official end of the sepoy mutiny and heralding the formal opening of the British Raj. Translated in every Indian dialect and dispatched across all of British imperial territories in southern Asia, the message of the Queen was unequivocal: the new administration of India by the British government would continue the benevolent legal obligations to native states, reject all expansionist designs, defend religious liberty, extend clemency to fugitive members of the mutiny and govern with “due regard…to the ancient rights, usages, and customs of India.” While this declaration only reiterated the consistent policy of the British in India, it was intended to begin the careful process of reconciliation with the natives while reasserting British dominion. |
Pages: 40-43 Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana) Sangeeta Saini (Department of Biology, Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Gangwa, Hisar) Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. People with intellectual disabilities can and do learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly. There are varying degrees of intellectual disability, from mild to profound. A trained social worker can help in progress and living a normal life of mentally challenged. |
Pages: 44-46 Jasveer (Department of Physical Education, S.J.K. College, Kalanaur, Rohtak, Haryana) Dheeraj Sangwan (Department of Physical Education, Ahir College, Rewari, Haryana) One way to build competitive advantage for any organization is to improve the health status and well-being of their employees. The workplace presents an ideal setting for introducing and maintaining health promotion programs. The poor health habits of many workers, growing rates of chronic disease, and the rising cost of health benefits have created new interest in workplace wellness programs. Many of the diseases and health disorders that affect the employees are preventable. Modifiable health risk factors are precursors to a large number of these diseases and disorders. Many modifiable health risk factors tend to increase employer health care costs and hinder the work productivity. Workplace wellness programs can positively influence workers' health risks. This paper discusses the status of worksite employees in relation to lifestyle factors, barriers to exercise participation and recommending various strategies that enhances the employee's wellness. |
Pages: 47-50 Amit Sindhu (Independent Scholar, Management, Bahadurgarh, Haryana) The role of advertisement in today's fast changing economic and social scenario hardly needs to be emphasised. Every entrepreneur, big or small adheres to some kind of publicity. It may be well planned, organised or just a common passing phase. This very important tool in the marketing mix of any organisation has been approached through various paths and traditions which have continuously been changing. The approaches adopted in advertisements have given them sometimes customary and traditional look and sometimes the presentations appear to be wearing a distinct and fresh look which is well taken not only by the consumers but by general public too. The present paper reviews effects of creative advertisement on buying behaviour of consumers. |
Pages: 51-53 अंजना (गांव, मूंदी नांगल, जिला, रेवाड़ी, हरियाणा) अध्ययन क्षेत्र में दक्षिणी हरियाणा के महेन्द्रगढ़, रेवाड़ी, गुडगंाव तथा फरीदाबाद जिलों को सम्मलित किया गया है। दक्षिणी हरियाणा के ये जिले 270 30‘ उत्तरी अक्षांश से 28030‘ उत्तरी अक्षांश तथा 75030‘ पूर्वी देशांतर से 77030‘ पूर्वी देशांतर के मध्य स्थित है। दक्षिणी हरियाणा का कुल क्षेत्रफल 8358 वर्ग किलोमीटर है। हरियाणा राज्य 1 नवम्बर 1966 को अस्तित्व में आया। हरियाण राज्य के गठन के समय इसमें 7 जिले जिसमें अम्बाला, करनाल, रोहतक, गुड़गाँव, महेन्द्रगढ़, हिसार एवं जींद सम्मिलित थे। तब से अब तक 13 और जिले बनाये गए है। 1972 को भिवानी तथा सोनीपत जिलों का गठन किया गया। 23 जनवरी 1973 को हिसार जिले का उत्तरी पश्चिमी भाग अलग किया गया। 1 नवम्बर 1989 को हरियाणा दिवस के उपलक्ष्य में कैथल, रेवाड़ी, यमुनानगर तथा पानीपत जिले बनाए गए। 15 अगस्त 1995 को अम्बाला से पंचकुला को अलग कर नया जिला बनाया गया। 2 अक्टुबर 2004 को मेवात जिला बना। इस प्रकार वर्तमान हरियाणा में 20 जिले है। चण्डीगढ़ पंजाब तथा हरियाणा की सांझी राजधानी होने के साथ-साथ केन्द्र शासित प्रदेश भी है। इस अध्ययन में दक्षिणी हरियाणा की 17 तहसीलों को सम्मिलित किया गया है। |
Pages: 54-56 Narender (Independent Scholar, Physical Education, Hisar, Haryana) The present study examined endurance and flexibility of physical fitness among volleyball and basketball game players of Hisar, Haryana. The study was comprised of 50 sports persons of District Hisar, who had participated at least District Level Tournaments of Volleyball and Basketball games. The subjects were in the age group of 15-19 years. Out of total sample of 50 players, 25 were volleyball and 25 were of basketball game. T-test was used to analyze the results. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference in endurance and flexibility component in volleyball and basketball players. |
Pages: 57-59 Rajneesh Ahlawat (Department of Bus. Admn., Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa) One of the greatest achievements of Indian democracy is its free, unfettered and vibrant press, an accomplishment of direct relevance to the working of any democracy. Authoritarianism flourishes not only by stifling opposition, but also by systematically suppressing information. The survival and flowering of a democracy depends a great deal on the freedom, vigour and professionalism of the fourth estate. Liberalization has led to the media targeting readers as consumers rather than citizens. The biggest challenges being faced by the Indian Media today is of enforcing more rigorous professional standards, of responding to the need for more serious reporting on governance issues and of upholding its own freedom to function in the face of browbeating by the government of the day. Equally bad is the spectre of media publications pandering to their business and political interests in the absence of proper watchdog bodies for media and the recent trend of “paid news”. |
Pages: 60-61 Dinesh Kumar (Independent Scholar, Geography, Ch. Dadri, Haryana) Sandeep Kumar (Department of Geography, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana) Common property refers to the community resources due to having their collective ownership instead of individual rights. These resources in western Haryana are facing problems degradation because the absence of proper community ownership and economically viability. Greedy use of resources result in term of overexploitation which further leading to degradation and complete extinction. Increasing population has negative effect on common property resources vice versa cultivate probability of collective action. Democratic strengthening through grass root level democracy could be the new hope for the community based management of these resources. |
Pages: 62-63 Pawan Kumar (Department of Geography, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi) Dinesh Kumar (Independent Scholar, Geography, Ch. Dadri, Haryana) Groundwater is major source for the irrigation in the dry land farming. The more and more exploitation of resource leads to the lead to change in the quantity as well as quality. Ground water degradation is major issue in the western Haryana depletion of groundwater is directly impact their livelihood and sustainability. Groundwater is less vulnerable to climate fluctuations; present situation result of large scale change in water health is an impact of changing land use pattern and cropping pattern. Management and development of the ground water should need proper institutional and community cooperation with efficient technology. |
Pages: 64-66 Narender (Independent Scholar, Physical Education, Hisar, Haryana) The present study attempts to examine gender difference in adjustment level of physical education students of Kurukshetra university students. The sample was comprised of 164 students (119 male and 45 female students) from Kurukshsetra University, Haryana. The Adjustment Inventory by Sinha and Singh was used to adjustment level of the students. T-test was used to analyze the results. The obtained results indicated that there was no significant gender difference in the level of adjustment in students Kuruksehtra University. The results are discussed with previous studies. |
Pages: 67-70 Pranav Prakash (Department of Computer Science, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) The various concepts of electronic communication are unaware to the common man because of lack of knowledge, infrastructure and poverty. The common man should be literate so as to secure the information which is preserved in electronic form. The Government should also take various steps pertaining to the protection of data. The experts in Information Technology track the valuable information regarding defence and security of the nation. Such type of the act may threaten to the national and international peace. So as to protect the interest of nation we have to do research in such a field like cyber crime. Due to the emergence of computer networking and development in the area of internet and its frequent use in cyber crime, there are several issues and challenges that are addressed in the current research. The present paper reviews various means of protection from cyber crime |
Pages: 71-73 Vikram Sharma (Faculty of Arts (Social Science & Humanities), Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan) इस युग में तीन प्रकार के सूत्रों की रचना की गई थी। श्रौतसूत्र, गृह्यसूत्र और धर्मसूत्र। ये तीनों सूत्र कल्पसूत्र के अन्तर्गत आते हैं। यह कल्पसूत्र उपनिषदों के पश्चात् ब्राह्मण साहित्य का एक बहुत बड़ा भाग है। सूत्र साहित्य की विशेषता है कम से कम शब्दों के द्वारा अधिक से अधिक बात कह देना। इसके अन्तर्गत व्यवस्थाकारों ने समाज के समस्त धार्मिक एवं सामाजिक विधि-निषेधों को छोटे-छोटे सूत्रों में संगठित कर रखा है। जिसमें श्रौतसूत्रों में याज्ञिक क्रियाओं और विधि-विधानों का महत्वपूर्ण उल्लेख है। तथा गृह्यसूत्रों और धर्मसूत्रों में सामाजिक और धार्मिक तथा राजनीतिक आचार-विचार एवं विभिन्न कत्र्तव्यों का वर्णन है। उत्तरवैदिक काल में चातुर्वण व्यवस्था का जन्म हुआ। तथा सूत्रकाल में वर्ण-व्यवस्था सुदृढ़ हो गयी। वर्णों के उद्गम में जन्म का आधार अधिक माना गया और कर्म का कम। वर्ण व्यवस्था की स्थिति में जन्म के साथ-साथ आनुवंशिकता का अधिक महत्व दिया गया है। ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय, वैश्य और शूद्र चारों वर्णों के कार्यों का उल्लेख दर्शाया गया है। |