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Pages: 118-122
Reetinder Kaur (UGC Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Culture-related syndromes are mental conditions or psychiatric syndromes whose occurrence or manifestation are closely related to cultural factors and thus, warrant understanding and management from a cultural perspective. The present paper provides a comprehensive list of various culture-related syndromes and also attempts to broadly classify them. The various socio-cultural factors that explain these syndromes are also discussed.

Pages: 20-25
Khushgeet Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The study focused on exploring attitude towards use of computers, computer related anxiety and computer related
self-efficacy among college students in relation to gender, stream and social class. The data were collected from 300
government and private degree college students of Sangrur district of Punjab. The results of the study revealed
significant stream-wise differences in attitude of college students towards use of computers and computer related
anxiety, respectively. Further, arts, commerce and professional students possessed significantly more favourable
attitude and significantly more computer related anxiety towards use of computers as compared to their science
counterparts, respectively. Significant differences were reported in computer related anxiety among college
students in relation to social class. On the contrary, no significant gender differences were found in attitude of
college students towards use of computers, computer related anxiety and computer related self-efficacy. Also, no
significant stream-wise differences were found in computer related self-efficacy among college students. Nonsignificant differences were also reported in attitude of college students towards use of computers and computer
related self-efficacy in relation to social class, respectively. These results of the study have implications for
counsellors, teachers and parents.

Pages: 255-258
Tina D'Cunha (Post Graduate Department of Psychology St. Xavier's College, Mapusa, Goa )
H. L. Kaila (Professor of Psychology Mumbai, Maharastra)

Adolescence is a time when most young people have to make decisions (by choice, compulsion or default) that
frequently have lasting consequences throughout the rest of their lives. These experiences have an impact on the
experience of their quality of life. The present study aimed at assessing the percentage of adolescents experiencing
the various levels of quality of life. The study was based on adolescents in Goa. The WHO's Quality of Life scale -
BREF (WHOQOL- BREF) was used to gather the research data. Apercentage mapping on Quality of life across the
three phases of adolescence indicated most adolescents perceive high and average quality of life with none showing
in the low perception category. Acomparison of the phases indicated that a higher percentage of middle adolescents
experienced a higher quality of life.

Pages:146-147
Seema Sangwan (Department of Computer Science, CMJ University, Shillong)

In Computer Science, software agents play a vital role. Day by day agents are becoming popular paradigm in computer world because of their flexible and modular behavior. Agent is desired from the Latin agree: to do. Agents are special types of applications.In computing agents can be defined as a software or hardware eutities which works for a user or other program that perform some set of takes. This paper deals with the main applications and the use of software agent technology in data mining.

Pages: 243-246
Satpal (Independent Scholar, Political Science, Fatehabad, Haryana)

Corruption in all societies is as old as the power itself. However, the forms and manifestation of corruption have been continually changing. Almost all the countries in the world today are plagued with the cancer of corruption. However, its nature, volume and dimensions differ largely from country to country and from one environment to another. Corruption in India is one of the major setbacks. It exists from top to bottom level and as a result of this the poor and innocent people are suffering from it. Corruption is damaging our economic growth also. The absence of transparency and accountability in governance and administration and our people's sense of helplessness weaken our democratic process. The failure of law to chatch the corrupt and then to deliver deterrent punishment to them has led to widespread cynicism among people. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out the causes, consequences and measures to combat corruption.

Pages: 247-251
Niranjan Sia (Department of Psychology, Nayagarah Autonomous College, Nayagarh, Odisha)
Nilambar Rayguru (Department of Political Science. Maniabandha College, Baramba)
Sasmita Patnayak (Anganwadi Workers Training Center, Dhenkanal)

The local self-governments are the essential components for decentralization of power. The 73rd amendment of Indian constitution has facilitated for three tier rural local self-governments in the form of Gram Panchayat, Panchayat samiti and Zilla Parishad. As per the provisions of this amendment, all sectors of population i.e. schedule cast (SC), schedule tribe (ST), socially and economically backward cast (SEBC), and women from each group including general caste have got elected as members of panchayatiraj bodies. They are considered as new public in democratic governance like Panchayati Raj.The status of these members in decision making process and their role in planning and implementation of policies are yet questionable. Though some rare achievements have been highlighted by government reports, the general functioning of Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis and Zilla Parishad is not in desirable norms as propagated by different mass-medias. With this line of thought an empirical investigation has been made to examine the domains of diversity in leaders of rural local self-governments. It involved 278 grass root leaders (22 ZP members, 128 PS members and 128 panchayat members) from cuttack and Malkanagiri districts of Odisha. The responses of these leaders were collected through structured interviews using a survey schedule containing 60 items. These items were to be responded, to give information about five domains of leaders' political behavior: Socialization of leadership, perception of leader's task, involvement in panchayatiraj system, participation in decision-making process and functioning of panchayatiraj bodies. Results are discussed in terms of significance of differences between proportions (contingency x2) in relation to sex or setting. Major findings of the study states that setting shows a significant difference in all the five domains, but sex shows significant difference with respect to education, perception, and participation in panchayatiraj system. These differences pose complex psycho-social diversity in the functioning of Panchayatiraj bodies. This diversity in leaders of local bodies should be considered as a base for the planning and implementation of policies.

Pages: 252-255
Somvir Bhoria and Joginder Singh (Department of Geography, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Development is a multi dimensional phenomenon which exerts its impact on every aspect of human life. It is commonly accepted that with the developmental process gender discrimination tends to decrease in all the spheres of life. In past many studies (Bsal (1999), Kumar (2002) Prakasha (2003) have also proved that the change in attitude of society with development is not same in all the cases. Present paper is an attempt to bring out how gender relation is related to developmental process in the case of Haryana by employing deprivation index on selected developmental indicators at district level.

Pages: 256-258
Alok Kumar (Department of Sociology, C. C. S. University, Meerut, U.P.)

This paper examines reproductive health Care of women, focuses on the socio-economic profile of urban women, attitude towards the age at Marriage, pregnancy/delivery and children, attitude of women and their family members after child birth. Keeping all the above facts in view, the researcher has decided to investigate the phenomenon by using interview and observation technique at Bulandshahr city. The result shows that Majority of housewife/nonworking have no income belonging to general category and younger age group of 26-35, lives in Pakka house and have small number of rooms, whereas almost all 99% of the respondents have light, ventilation and separate kitchen in their houses. Majority of the women entered into marriage at the age of 21-25, have experienced first pregnancy at the age of 21-25and have 2 children, Majority of the respondents have reported that they take special care & precaution during pregnancy, they get regular medical checkup during pregnancy, and if doctor suggests, then they take tonics and medicine before and after delivery. Their deliveries are performed by female doctors in hospital or nearby nursing home. It is observed that their in-laws take care of the new born, while they work in or out of house.

Pages: 259-262
Vijaysen Pandey (Amity Institute of Psychology & Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study examined the quality of life among villagers. Two hundred forty subjects varying along the levels of ecological change of village (joint and nuclear family), caste groups (GEN, OBC and SC) and gender ( male and female) drawn from Maharajganj and Kushinagar district of eastern Uttar Pradesh completed the quality of life measure. The result reveled that subjects belonging to villages having nuclear family showed significantly higher quality of life than their counterpart's subjects. Generally the male and female have similar interaction pattern so they have similar experience of quality of life. The evaluation of total quality of life found high in SC subjects in compression to GEN and SC but GEN expressed higher level of quality of life on one dimension i.e. psychological health. Education level was found positively related to QoL.

Pages: 263-265
Shilpa Shukla (Department of Social Work, Institute of Environment and Management, Lucknow, U.P.)

Status of Dalit in India is highly deplorable; they are the social outcaste. Dalit phenomenon has been constantly flowing through Indian system from centuries. Apart from untouchability they are subjected to a number of humiliations. Dalits are excluded due to rigid mindsets of our society regarding untouchability. Dalit women have been exploited mentally and physically, deprived of their human rights, hence their inclusion and role in decision making is almost negligible. Unequal treatment keeps them away from the overall development (mental, physical and social) and deprived them from livelihood which again makes them unsecured. This Paper have been examine present scenario of dalit women in the perspective of equal prospect and security

Pages: 266-272
Aakashdeep Sharma (Resource Person, Government College for Girls, Sector, 42, Police Administration, Chandigarh)
Narinder Singh (Research Scholar, Centre for Police Administration, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

A new form of cyber crime which has emerged in the modem age is 'Cyber Terrorism'. The concept of cyber terrorism comes from two elements: cyber space and terrorism. The word 'cyber' signifies a form of information technology, the internet etc. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has offered the following working definition, "Cyber terrorism is the premeditated, politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data which result in violence against non combatant targets by sub national groups or clandestine agents". Terrorists may be classified as cyber terrorists whether they solely rely on cyber terrorism to further their cause, or whether they use cyber terrorism in addition to other more conventional forms of terrorism. Cyber terrorism is more of a threat today than ever before due to several factors. First, the tragic events of September 11, 2001, have proven that there are terrorist groups who have the sophistication and brazenness to attack the United States within its own borders. Second, almost every facet of human life, including financial institutions, production facilities, and government functions, has become increasingly dependent on computer technology. Third, the economy is increasingly dependent on electronic transactions, which are vulnerable to a cyber terrorist attack.

Pages: 273-279
Vinod Kumar (Deputy Director, Haryana State AIDS Control , Society, Health Department, Haryana)
Vijay Garg, A.P.D. (Addl. Project Director, Haryana State AIDS Control)
Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Rohtak, Haryana)

The most common terms for homosexual people are lesbian for females and gay for males, though gay is also used to refer generally to both homosexual males and females. As an orientation, homosexuality refers to "an enduring pattern of or disposition to experience sexual, affectionate, or romantic attractions" primarily or exclusively to people of the same sex. The number of people who identify as gay or lesbian and the proportion of people who have same-sex sexual experiences are difficult for researchers to estimate reliably for a variety of reasons, including many gay people not openly identifying as such due to homophobia. The present paper reviews psychological perspectives of homosexuality.

Pages: 280-282
Nitranjan (DPE, Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Bhan, Jind, Haryana)
Dinesh Saini (Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Kithana, Kaithal, Haryana)

40 female between the age group of 35-45 years were selected as subjects from various yoga training centers of Jind. The subjects were purposively assigned into experimental and control groups. Cardiovascular Endurance and Body Composition were selected as variables of the study. Subjects from experimental group were subjected to 8-weeks of yogic practices. The training consisted of a variety of yogic asanas. Cardiovascular Endurance was administered to assess aerobic fitness. Body Composition test was administered to estimate a person's percent body fat. SPSS statistical software (version 16.0) was used to analyze student's t-test. The 't' value of experimental group 5.62 was found statistically significant at .05 level of significance. The 't' value in case of experimental group on body composition was 16.64 which was statistically significant.

Pages: 283-285
Anita Malik (Pt. NRS Govt. College, Rohtak, Haryana)

In today's space age where one is always faced with a multitude of problems, tensions, faces a lot of stressful situations in his or her life. Each of us goes through stress a number of times mild or severe. Human Endeavour to find the most effective way to reduce stress is going on. There are lots of ways to reduce stress. In this paper an attempt has been made to delineate managing the stress through spirituality. It was found in many studies that spirituality is associated with better mental health. Spiritual beliefs enhance quality of life and manage stress effectively.

Pages: 286-289
Satpal (Independent Scholar, Political Science, Fatehabad, Haryana)

The term coalition as employed in a political sense, commonly denotes a cooperative arrangement under which distinct political parties, or at all events members of such parties, unite to form a government or ministry. It stands on the principle of permanence of interest and non-permanence of friendship or enmity. India now has entered a transitional phase in its political history as no other political parties is in a position to replace the Congress single-handedly and a coalitional arrangement of governance has become a functional necessity. This paradigm shift in politics though slightly affected by individual popularity has continued to grow and is still fulfilling the aspirations and expectations of the varied cultural and rich ethnicity of our country. Here is an attempt for further exploration.

Pages: 290-292
Kanwardeep (Department of Gandhian Studies, Punjab University, Chandigarh)

Today is an age of Science and development where morals and ethics have taken a back seat. So working on them has become imperative in form or the other. We human beings have lost the touch in terms of ethics and moral values totally which is showing its effects on our day to day lives as we are far more disturbed society where crime is rampant, people disregard their duties and moral values are on decline. Luckily M.K.Gandhi gave us the well defined doctrines which shaped our Freedom Struggle in the most honorable manner leading to the exit of mighty British. But the irony is that the mankind has not been able to utilize the Gandhi's doctrines to the fullest as desired. The present paper has spanned across almost every possible filed which directly or indirectly affects our psyche and way of dealing with simple yet important problems in life keeping in mind the relevance of Gandhi's philosophy and its relevance today.

Pages: 293-294
Kuldeep Makar (OP Jindal Modern School, Hisar, Haryana)
Sushil Lega (CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The total samples consists of 50 subjects out of them 25 were sportsmen and 25 were non sportsperson samples. The age level was ranging from 16 to 19 years. Harvard step test was used to collect the pulse rate of sportsmen and non sportsmen. To assess the cardiovascular ability of sportsperson and non sportsperson 't' test was applied. The mean score of Sportsperson on resting pulse was 68.40 and SD was 3.69 whereas it was 75.24 and 5.50 respectively for non sportspersons. The calculated 't' value was 5.16 which was greater than the table value (1.68). It is clear with the result that it is due to regular participation in Sports and training. The pulse was counted after 1 min of exercise, the mean score of Sportsperson on was 88.72 and SD 3.95 whereas it was 102.24 and 5.35 respectively for non sportspersons. The calculated 't' value was 10.16 which was greater than the table value (1.68). It is clear with the result that it is due to regular participation in Sports and training.

Pages: 295-298
Suman Saini (University Library, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The present paper expresses corporate attitude by information disclosure (By annual report, environmental report, etc.), to conduct long-term, continuous environmental counter Environmental Accounting sure, and to conduct 3. To conduct effective environmental investment. We introduced "Environmental Accounting", which was to grasp environmental protection cost and effect quantitatively and evaluate environmental investment and effect, from fiscal 1998. In reviewing the study of environmental accounting we also discussed its types, need, scope, limitations, its legal frame work and suggestions. Form the study of environmental accounting; we know exactly effect on the profit or loss of the business entity.

Pages: 299-302
Sandhya Sharma (CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Art, beauty, and taste are the most important elements of any performance. The present article is the critical analysis of the Aesthetics, popular music and its role in the performing arts with special focus on the Swang- the most ancient folk theatre form of India. Present study has special focus on Bhavas and expressions as art, beauty and taste creates the aesthetics. It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values. This concept of Satyam-Shivam-Sundaram, a kind of Value Theory is the cornerstone of this study of Indian Aesthetics. As for as music is concerned focus is on the expression of Svar. These Swar are related to our feelings and emotions. And where there is a connection with the emotions, there is 'rasa-nishpatti'. And hence there comes their connection with 'saundarya' or aesthetics

Pages: 303-305
Vibha Kaushik (Department of Geography, D. N. College, Hisar, Haryana)

Traffic flow survey is a socio economic survey. It tells us about social and economic level of any area and the development of any area depends upon the good means of transportation. In traffic flow survey information regarding various aspects of transportation is collected. This kind of survey is mainly performed in the vicinity of main chowks of any city. Modes and types of transportation show the development of that area because if heavy vehicles are main over that area it represents that that area is highly industrial or very busiest route. Vehicle flow doesn't remain same in all parts of that city. It changes temporally and spatially.

Pages: 306-308
Sharmila (Department of History, C. R. Law College, Hisar, Haryana)

The present paper reviews on Dadabhai Naoroji's political and administrative demands. In spite of his loyalty to the British, Dadabhai Naoroji did not regard the rule of Britishers as ideal for the country, but exposed mercilessly its oppressive character and laid well the foundation of the future anti-imperialist struggle. He avoided falling into the trap of etatism and propagated

Pages: 309-312
सुभाष चन्द्र ( मिगनी खेड़ा, हिसार, हरियाणा)

भारत का विभाजन दुखदायी घटनाओं में से एक थी जिसने देश के दो राज्यों पंजाब और बंगाल का विभाजन भी कर दिया। इसके परिणामस्वरूप पंजाब के लोगों को विस्थापन की कष्टपूर्ण एवं दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण परिस्थितियों से गुजरना पड़ा। विभाजन जहां एक समस्या का समाधान था, वहीं दूसरी और सजा के रूप में सामने आया, जिसका सामना विभाजन और विस्थापन के दौरान लोगों को करना पड़ा। अध्ययन क्षेत्र में उन समस्याओं पर प्रकाश डाला गया है जो सामाजिक-आर्थिक रूप से विस्थापन के दौरान लोगों के सामने थी। पंजाब विभाजन और विस्थापन के प्रमुख कारण धार्मिक उन्माद ने वहां ग्रामीण और शहरी स्तर पर वृहत जन-धन-हानि की, वही इसने लोगों में असुरक्षा की भावना को बढ़ाया क्योंकि इस दौरान यातायात का कोई भी साधन सुरक्षित नहीं था। असुरक्षा की भावना ने पक्षपात और अमानवीय व्यवहार को बढ़ाया। अफवाह तथा साधनों का अभाव इस समय एक और बड़ी समस्या बन गई थी। इसके साथ-साथ विस्थापन के समय राशन और भोजन की बड़ी समस्या थी। शिक्षा के लिए कोई ठोस कदम नही उठाए गए। रेलवे स्टेशनों और कैम्पों में गन्दगी और सफाई की समस्या थी। अफवाहों की वजह से लोगों को अपना व्यापार, स्थान व सम्पति को एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर बदलना एक बड़ी समस्या थी। इसके अलावा लोगों के सामाजिक ढांचे में मूलभुत बदलाव आये, कीमतों में उतार-चढ़ाव व उद्योगों का विनाश, व्यवसाय में भिन्नता आना तथा हिन्दु मुस्लिम और सिक्खों द्वारा छोड़ी गई भूमि के बीच के अन्तर को समाप्त करना भी बड़ी समस्या थी। इन्हीं समस्याओं को सामाजिक आर्थिक सन्दर्भ में समझना इस अध्यापन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य है।

Pages: 314-317
Teesta Saksena and Ritu Sharma (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh)

The widely held presupposition in today's time, and questioning, if an individual's professional growth is a result of unethical and socially manipulative demeanor; based on theoretical constructs of Niccollo Machiavelli's Machiavellianism and David McLleland's Achievement Motivation Theory. This study was orchestrated to ascertain the Relation of being Socially Manipulative with an inherent Need to Achieve and the Need to Conquer in an Organization. The sample collected in support of this argument comprised of seventy Academicians ranging between 25-45 years, both males and females, belonging to a middle and high socio economic status in NCR. Collected response data was summarized with the help of Descriptive Statistics; Correlation and t-Test.The study indicates, Social Manipulation to have a significantly negative relationship with the individuals' inherent Need to be in Power in the organization. This was indicative of an individual seeking to be in power on one hand as ranging low on social manipulation on the other and vice versa.

Pages: 310-313
Sumandeep Brar (Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan)
Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The purpose of the present study was to measure the attitude towards crime and the personality traits of female criminals. It was also the aim to know the relationship between attitude towards crime and personality traits of the female prisoners. The hypothesis was there would be no relationship between attitude towards crime and personality traits of the female prisons. For it, 200 female prisons from Patiala and Ludhiana women jails were administered two inventories, i.e.; Attitude Scale towards Crime (Self standardized) and Neuroticism and Introversion-Extraversion Inventory by I.S. Muhar, Prabha Bhatia and Geeta Kapoor. The results of the study show that: (i) most of the female prisoners have the tendency towards crime; as they have the positive attitude towards crime, (ii) majority of the female prisoners were found to be neurotic (N = 150) and most of them were extroverted (N = 186), (iii) there was a significant relationship between attitude towards crime and neuroticism; but not with introversion-extroversion trait of personality of the female prisoners.

Pages: 323-326
Iftekhar Ahmed Ansari (Department of Political Science, N.R.E.C College, Ch. Charan Singh University, Khurja, Bulandshahar, U. P.)

The term Globalization precedes the word development in Indian national narrative by almost a decade. Globalization is horizontal mobility of man and material resources culminating in the vertical development in the human graph of well being- marked by economic progress and rise in human development index. The globalization led development in as diversified a country as India has a variegated success story. It has got its' brighter spots as well as darker shades. On one side whereas it raises the standard of living of people in general, On the other hand it remains restricted to a few pockets of region and to a fewer number of people. The majority of people are pushed to margins, and those already at the margins are discriminated, uprooted, dislocated and force to become refuges in their own country. The present paper tries to delineate environmental, social and economy related developmental issues that have plagued the Indian poeple for quite some time.

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