Pages: 348-350
Mandev and Manoj Dayal (Department of CM&T, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar)

As the findings of the study suggest that all the sampled dailies have not given much salience to this issue nevertheless the data reveals that media often follow an agenda. Dainik Bhaskar published 55 news stories which were biased nature and projected the workers union with negative treatment Dainik Jagran published 25 news stories that were biased nature. In these 25 news stories the newspaper clearly advocated govt. and company management and projected the trade union in such a way that as whole faults lies with trade union. Dainik Jagran followed by The Times of India with 24 biased news stories, Dainik Bhaskar published 13 biased stories and The Hindu has published just 1 story that was biased nature.

Pages: 356-358
Bijoyeta Das and Mala Chaliha Talukdar (Department of Psychology, Gauhati University, Assam)

New Media is a 21st century catchall term used to define all that is related to the internet and the interplay between technology, images and sound. The adolescents view the internet as a useful source of information and channel for speedy communication. Here the rural and urban communities differ in many respect including the accessibility of electronic information. The study was done in Kamrup Districts as there seems to be a rapid growth in many aspects which has been enhancing day by day. Adolescent girls are believed to go through critical time of life when important decisions are made that could dramatically impact the future trajectory of lives. This study was done on 30 adolescent girls of CBSE Schools of Kamrup Districts of Assam with an equal ratio of girls both from urban and rural background. It was found that the female adolescents in Kamrup metro reported of high levels of internet use for academic purposes, while the female adolescents from Kamrup rural were also highly academic oriented, but had spent lesser time in internet.

Pages: 365-369
Nilanjana Sanyal and Manisha Das Gupta (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

HIV/ AIDS appears to be an epidemic in the present day, both at the global and national level. It calls forth a myriad of negative emotions at the detection of HIV, some of the chief ones being denial, anger, depression, fatigue, fear, uncertainty, guilt, and changes in perspective. Counsellors need to take into consideration the darkened affects of such patients to help them to cope with the condition proactively. The present discourse sheds light to the efficacy of post-test counseling in offering adequate psycho-education, helping the system to combat negative emotions adequately and adopting a different perspective toward life in general, being loaded with greater extent of inner realization and deeper philosophy to embrace the reality gracefully. The “emotional crises” faced by such individuals has also been explained from the experiential perspective.

Pages: 374-376
Nirmala Loung Poorunder (Department of DBML. SBMF, University of Technology, Mauritius, UTM)
Poonam R. Das (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of intelligence in risk taking among females. It is often assumed that females take less risk as compared to males. Another important exploration was to verify whether the degree of risk differs according to the level of intelligence. The participants were 240 females aged 20-35 years (inclusive of students, working, non-working, single, and married). The mean age was 27.5. They were assessed for Intelligence with Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven) and for Risk with Choice Dilemma Questionnaire (adapted version Kogan and Wallach) simultaneously. The data was statistically analyzed with Chi square. There was significant difference regarding levels of intelligence and risk taking. It was concluded that subjects in the category of definitely above average take high risk .As risk taking and decision making ability go hand in hand , therefore more subjects in the category of definitely below average take low risk. But subjects who were found intellectually superior take high and low risk equally.

Pages: 380-384
Avneesh Agrawal (Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, Deemed University, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh)

An intervention is an influencing force or act that occurs in order to modify a given state of affairs specifically persuading an individual while they need help. In the context of behavioral health, an intervention may be any outside process that has the effect of modifying an individual's behavior, cognition or emotional state. Intervention Strategies are specific techniques or procedures used by a therapist to bring about a desired change in the thinking or behavior of a client. There are several Interventions in the form of therapies: Psycho-therapy / talk therapy, Behavioral Therapy, Exposure Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Movement, art and music Therapy, Drug Therapy, Electro-convulsive Therapy (ECT), Psycho-social Treatments, Psycho-education, Self-help groups and support groups. Social Support System / Network and Support Group assists in Managing Well-being. Support System is one that provides assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. There are various benefits of a social support network. The people who share their lives with others will live longer, have fewer illnesses, and enjoy an enhanced quality of life. A strong social support system can act as a buffer between stressor and the difficult situations in life. A support group is different from a social support network. In social support network informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers. While formal assistance is provided by group of professionals such as psychiatrists, Psychologists, clinical social workers, licensed professional counselors and mental health counselors, Certified alcohol and drug abuse counselors, Nurse psychotherapists, marital and family therapists, religious counselors etc. The best-fit Supportive Strategic Intervention in Managing Well-being is the one that is most likely to be followed, 'goals must be the client's goals, strategies must be the client's strategies, and action plans must be the client's plans" (Egan, 1990, p.49). Assagioli' (1965) includes a wide range of techniques for personal 'psycho-synthesis'. Grof (1985) coined the term 'Transpersonal Intervention Strategies'. The transpersonal Strategic model is one in which the ego can be transcended, and the emphasis is not on "curing" rather giving guidance and encouragement to grow. Jung introduced two main intervention strategies termed as the dream analysis and free association. 'Active Imagination' is a technique to confront the unconscious while awake. It is a form of meditation using controlled imagery and it resembles with self-hypnosis. Hutchins' (1984) proposes thinking-feeling-acting (TFA) as Intervention Strategy. It is assumed that in TFA model people tend to have either a thinking orientation, or a feeling orientation, or an acting orientation. Psychological intervention applied by support group through supportive strategic interventions in managing well-being as per requirement and need of needful.

Pages: 393-395
Anjana Bhattacharjee and Sukriti Banda (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Tripura)

Women Empowerment refers to the creation of an environment for women where they can make decisions of their own for their own as well as for the society. If we believe that just being educated and having job, we are empowered, it is a myth. Even the educated and economically independent women are not always free from facing violence. Domestic violence is occurring frequently and often silently. Women are not able to protest or raise their voice due to fear of social rejection. Even in this era of modern communication and globalisation women are not allowed to take decision for their own life, they are not able to participate in the decision made by the male family members. Women often perceive themselves as incompetent and in capable than their male counterparts. In such a situation it is the high time for us to rethink and re-evaluate the reasons. Why women are lacking behind? Is it only due to lack of education, economic or political engagement or for something else? In search of exploring the answers, the present article is an attempt to highlight the importance psychological empowerment in overall development of women in understanding their sense of self and women empowerment in true sense.

Pages: 402-406
Amritpal Kaur (Department of Psychology)
Agyajit Singh (Department of Psychology)

The present study examined social maturity among male and female; rural and urban as well government and private school students. For this purpose, a sample of 400 students were selected randomly; out of which 200 was male students (100 rural and 100 urban) and 200 female students (again 100 rural and 100 urban schools) 50% subjects were from government school and 50% were from private schools of punjab state. Social maturity scale developed by Dr. Nalini Rao was used. The results of present study reveal that there was significant differences between male and female, rural and urban and also among government and private school students.

Pages: 412-416
Shilpa Gulia (Department of Communication Management and Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Lack of proper information is still perceived as one of the reasons of under development of agriculture. Now a day's government is trying its best to give all needed information to the farmers. A fully fledged channel on agriculture, i.e., Kisan is broad casting programmes for farmers welfare. Still the efforts are not sufficient. Agriculture has become more challenging today. In the era of climate change it has become more difficult for the farmers. There is many other factors i.e. erratic market behavior, increasing input and side effects of pesticides have increased the challenge manifolds. To know the information level, awareness level, a survey was conducted in two villages of Haryana named as Mothsara and Kundanpura. Issues like organic farming, Biogas, Dairy, Harvesting process and crop rotation were taken. A total number of 236 respondents were selected randomly and interviewed by means of an interview schedule to collect the data. It is a pre survey of Ph.D research titled as Role of a Support Channel in Agriculture Communication: An Experiment with a Rural Newspaper in Haryana. The findings are revealing.

Pages: 421-425
सहिब राम गोदारा (उप निदेशक, सूचना, जनसंपर्क एवं सांस्कृतिक कार्य विभाग, हरियाणा)

ग्रामीण भारत की तस्वीर बहुत तेजी से बदल रही है। तकनीकी विकास के चलते खेत, खेती और खेतीहर देश की अर्थव्यवस्था की महत्वपूर्ण कड़ी बन गए है। खेती में नित नए नए प्रयोग हो रहे हैं। नकदी फसलों का चलन बढ़ रहा है। आज किसान को खेती से जुड़ी सभी जानकारियां उपलब्ध है। इस कार्य में मीडिया की भूमिका कितनी सार्थक है, इस विषय की पड़ताल के लिए शोध किया गया। प्रमुख चार राष्ट्रीय दैनिक समाचार-पत्र जिनमें दैनिक जागरण, दैनिक भास्कर, टाईम्स आॅफ इंडिया व हिंदुस्तान टाईम्स का चयन कर उन द्वारा ग्रामीण विकास से जुड़ी खबरों को कितना महत्व दिया जाता है, इस का आंकलन किया गया। शोध से पता चला कि समाचार-पत्रों में ग्रामीण विकास से जुडे़ समाचारों को बहुत कम प्रमुखता दी गई है जबकि मीडिया को ग्रामीण विकास से जुड़े नए-नए पहलुओं को किसानों तक पहुंचाने की जरूरत है ताकि किसान उन्हें अपनाकर खेती में लाभ कमा सकें।

Pages: 140-142
Samriti Mona (Chandigarh College of Education, Landran, Mohali, Punjab)

Mass media has long been thought to have a detrimental effect on an adolescent's behaviors. The role of the mass media in shaping of youth's socialization cannot be underestimated. The mass media reaches a large number of the public via radio, television, newspapers and the Internet. The most popular forms of media among the Indian youth are television and mobile phones with internet. The Internet changes mode of life and turns it into the main source of information. It is not merely a global data communication system but also a new form of social interaction including social networking websites. Though the majority of youth reject the idea of strong influence of the mass media on their life, psychological investigations found it to play an important role of the mass media in shaping youth's mentality and world outlook. It was found that not all media is equal in influence. Television and video games have different relationship with a teenager's behaviors in comparison to internet use. It was also found that Adolescents spend a significant amount of time viewing and interacting with media in the form of TV, video games, music, and the Internet. Considering all of these sources together, children spend more than 6 to 7 hours per day using media. Nearly half of that time is spent watching TV. The remainder of the time is spent using other electronic media alone or in combination with TV. This virtual world gives them a sense of satisfaction and they love to stay connected with it.

Pages: 147-150
Amra Ahsan (Amity Institute of Behavioral & Allied Sciences, Amity University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The preoccupation of many public relations and Psychology practitioners with the concept of viewing the relationship between Public Relations and Psychology with what the organization says about itself. A paradigm struggle is occurring in public relation, therefore, between practitioners who use only superficial symbolic activitiesthe quest for positive imagesand those who build substantive behavioral relationships between organizations and publics keeping public relation and psychology in mind. The reading below includes study of psychology and public relations in various aspects including research, writing, social media, Social Psychology. As Psychology is important factor in Public Relations it starts with decision making which is guided by few factors like reciprocity, authority, consensus, liking, and scarcity.

Pages: 155-158
Mohd Owais Khan and Mohd Ilyas Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study purports to find out the relationship between positive and negative affective states and meaning in life among tuberculosis patients. The sample for the study comprised of 125 tuberculosis patients. The data for the present study has been collected from the patients of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital of Aligarh. Meaning in life questionnaire developed by Steger, Frazier, Oishi, and Kaler (2006) and PANAS developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen (1988) were used to measure meaning in life and positive and negative affective states respectively. The data collected was analyzed by using appropriate statistical techniques like Pearson's product moment correlation and t-test. The results show significant negative correlation between meaning in life and negative affective states (NAS). There is a significant positive correlation between positive affective states and meaning in life.

Pages: 169-180
Sarika Sharma (Counselor, Department of Psychology, IGNOU, Chandigarh)
Tejbeer Kaur (Department of Psychology, Khalsa College, Patiala)

The present study aimed at finding perceived Parental Acceptance - Rejection in relation to Emotional and Social intelligence among Teenagers. The data collected from 100 subjects and comprised the scores on Social Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence and on four dimensions (Warmth/Affection, Aggression/hostility, Neglect/Indifference and Rejection (undifferentiated) of Parental Acceptance - Rejection among teenagers which was analyzed through statistical procedures. Result shows that there is no significant effect of Parental Acceptance - Rejection among male and females. A child who might perceive rejection from parents may still get acceptance from other social bodies and that would help them become socially and emotionally intelligent. There is no significant correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Social intelligence of teenagers and Parental Acceptance Rejection among males and females. Emotional Intelligence basically deals with intrapersonal relationships, i.e. own emotions. A teenager who perceived his parent as warm or aggressive, may still be able to manage their emotions as that is something which the child has to deal within himself (intrapersonal). The results revealed that one factor i.e. Neglect/Indifference from the Parental Acceptance - Rejection behavior have significant correlation with social Intelligence among males. This may be due to the traditional setup of the families in India where male child are reared to be strong and disciplined. The indifference shown in the parent's behavior is due to the fact that parents want male child to become tough. This behavior is perceived by the male child to be neglect/indifference on part of parents and the child's social intelligence is affected with this behavior of parents due which the males in the study may not be able to show good adjustment with others and the teenager's capacity may be reduced to deal effectively with individuals or group in social situations.