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Pages: 235-237 Virender (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan) Advertisement has become a very important phenomenon. It both stimulates consumption and economic activity and models life-styles and a certain value orientation. Everyone seems to hold an onion about various aspects of advertising ranging from amusement and admiration to cynicism and condemnation. Nearly everyone in the modern world is influenced to some degree by advertising. It is used to sell products and services as well as to promote causes and deal with societal problems such as alcohol and drug abuse. The present paper review effects of advertisement and factors affecting advertisement. |
Pages: 238-250 Harpal Singh (Department of Political Science, Sai Nath University, Ranchi) भारतीय पंचायती राज संस्थाओं की आधारभूत विशेषता यह रही है कि यह मुख्यतः स्वशासी संस्थाएं थी। यद्यपि इनका सामाजिक परिवेश कठोर सामाजिक संरचना का था। प्राचीन, मध्यकालीन और आधुनिक युगों के बीच पंचायतों के विकास में उतार-चढ़ाव आते रहे। यू तो प्राचीन काल से ही स्वशासीत गांवों की उपस्थिति रही है, लेकिन ‘स्थानीय निकायों की अवधारणा’ का विकास आधुनिक काल में हुआ। 20वीं सदी से पहले आमतौर पर शहरों या कस्बों में ही स्थानीय निकायों का गठन होता था। |
Pages: 251-255 Bhavna Singla (Research Scholar, Sai Nath University, Ranchi) Performance appraisal is viewed as part of a much broader picture and it is argued that it has its origins in management by objectives'' (Wilson and Western, 2000; Cattell, 1999). It constitutes a continual cyclical process of determining performance expectations, supporting performance, reviewing and appraising performance and, finally, managing performance standards. Performance management encapsulates performance appraisal and training and development needs at all levels. The present paper review the methods of performance appraisal and their effectiveness |
Pages: 256-261 Harpal Singh (Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Sai Nath University, Ranchi) 21वीं शताब्दी में भारत जैसे विकासशील समाज में जहाॅंे सामाजिक परिवर्तन तीव्र गति से हो रहा है वहाँ सामाजिक वैज्ञानिकों ने शक्ति के अध्ययन पर विशेष बल दिया है। शक्ति के संर्दभ में नेतृत्व का अध्ययन विशेष महत्व रखता है। जिसने राजनीतिक विज्ञान के विधार्थियों के सम्मुख एक कठिन चुुनौती प्रस्तुत की है। आज अनुसूचित जाति, पिछड़ा वर्ग व महिलाओं की भागीदारी व नेतृत्व की अवधारणाओं ने अपने सामाजिक और आर्थिक प्रभावों के कारण अध्ययन की समस्या के रूप में एक विशेष जगह बना ली है। अनुसूचित जाति, पिछड़ा वर्ग व महिलाओं की भागीदारी व नेतृत्व आधुनिक युग में केवल एक प्रशासनिक समस्या नहीं है। बल्कि यह सामाजिक परिवर्तन से जुड़ा हुआ एक महत्वपूर्ण विषय है। |
Pages: 262-265 Bhavna Singla (Research Scholar, Sai Nath University, Ranchi) Performance appraisal (now onwards PA) is an ongoing process of identifying, measuring and developing human performance in organizations. It is hoped that data are gathered by systematic observations, not only to measure current performance accurately but also to provide the necessary feedback information for changes that will improve future performance. The purpose is to measure progress, differentiate between levels of performance, pinpoint training needs, validate rewards and identify employees for promotion. The present paper reviews process of performance appraisal in Indian perspective. |
Pages: 266-269 Surender Kumar (Independent Scholar, Psychology, Charkhi Dadri, Haryana) Coping with psychological problems is a harrowing challenge for today's generation. Programs and techniques that do exist to improve the psychological well-being and health status are still in infancy. One approach to have emerged in psychology relatively recently with promising initial results is mindfulness meditation, a practice involving the non-judgemental observation of what is occurring in the present moment. The present study is focused on the relationships between mindfulness and psychological problems (perceived stress, depression, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, anger and hostility). Many philosophical, spiritual, and psychological traditions emphasize the importance of the quality of consciousness for the maintenance and enhancement of well-being (Wilber, 2000). One attribute of consciousness that has been much-discussed in relation to well-being is mindfulness. The present paper reviews how mindfulness helps in coping with psychological problems and everyday health and wellbeing. |
Pages: 19-23 Ram Rattan1, Manoj Kumar2 (Scholar of JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan1, Somany (P.G.) Institute of Technology and Management, Rewari, Haryana2) Our work is mainly focused on exhaust gas emission analysis, when Mustard oil based biodiesel (methyl esters) and fossil diesel fuel were tested in direct injection Kirloskar diesel engine. Exhaust gas characteristics and analysis of fuel injection was cleared by analysis of experimental data. When Kirloskar Engine fuelled with Mustard oil based biodiesel had increased brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) , moderate increase in carbon monoxide emission (CO), decrease in nitrogen oxides emission(NOx).Fuel consumption increase due to lower calorific value of biodiesel . When we analysis of combustion characteristics, it will aware about the earlier start of injection and shorter ignition delay period of biodiesel. Due to the earlier start of injection and shorter ignition delay period of biodiesel, decrease in maximum rate of heat release and due to cylinder pressure was the most probable reason for reduced emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx). From the analysis of data it is found that cetane index is not a proper indication of ignition quality of Mustard biodiesel. Our work also show the renewable applicability of Mustard oil used as biodiesel. But our main concentration to analysis the emissions characteristics and combustion characteristics of biodiesel. |