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Pages: 145-148 Neelam Rathee (Department of Psychology, P. G. Govt. College for Girls, Chandigarh) Yoga, an assemblage of ancient spiritual practices, originated in India. Yoga empowers the body and the mind. Asanas (postures), Pranayamas (breathing exercises) and Dhyana (meditation) of Hatha Yoga offer relaxation techniques which promote good mental health. Practice of yoga helps to alleviate depression and anxiety. Yoga is a wholesome technique for self empowerment and growth. Practice of yoga helps us to deal with day to day stressors and in the management of negative emotions. Yoga is a way of life. Lifestyle intervention through yoga helps in developing a positive attitude and harmony within the individual. |
Pages: 149-151 Sangeeta Saini (GSSS, Gangwa, Hisar, Haryana) Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana) Academic stressors include the student's perception of the extensive knowledge base required and the perception of an inadequate time to develop it (Carveth et al, 1996). Students report experiencing academic stress at predictable times each semester with the greatest sources of academic stress resulting from taking and studying for exams, grade competition, and the large amount of content to master in a small amount of time (Abouserie, 1994). When stress is perceived negatively or becomes excessive, students experience physical and psychological impairment. The present paper review factor affecting academic stress among school students. |
Pages: 152-154 Mala Sharma (Department of Geography, G.C.W. Rohtak) Manju Sharma (Department of Geography, D.N. P. G. College, Hisar) Urban sprawl of Karnal city within the last 39 years is observed in the present study which based on satellite imagery of LANDSAT TM (1972 and 1989) and LANDSAT ETM+ (2000), guipe map of the karnal city(1983) and toposheet at a scale of 1:50000. Census data have been incorporated to analyses the population growth and urban sprawl at different time periods. A number of factors are responsible for the specific development and sprawl such as transport network, industries, educational institutions and good living conditions etc. |
Pages: 155-157 Rekha Sharma (Department of Geography, D.N College, Hisar) Jitendra Kumar (Department of Geography, K.L.P College, Rewari) Present study highlights the pattern of state government expenditure on economic sector in Haryana (1990-91 to 2009-10). Economic sector comprises the sub-sectors like the agriculture and allied services, irrigation and Flood Control, rural development, energy, transport and communications, industry and minerals, science, technology and environment and general economic services as essential for the economic development of the state. The government plays a very significant role in the development of the economic sector as the most economic sector services fall in the category, which depends on the funds provided through the centrally sponsored schemes. The paper examines the economic sector expenditure of Haryana and its components. The study reveals that through the time share of economic sector expenditure decreases as the social infrastructure demand increases with the pace of time to satisfy the need of the people. In the economic sector, the share of revenue expenditure increases whereas the capital expenditure decreases in Haryana. The share of economic sector to development sector expenditure decreases whereas the plan economic sector expenditure increases from 1990-91 to 2009-10. Energy has captured major share in the economic sector expenditure. With the limited resource allocations of resources from the central government Haryana was incurred with more financial burden. For the further increase in the economic expenditure, it may be suggested that the resources from the central government should be allocated according to the needs of the state. All other sub-sector should also get equal importance apart from the energy as they are the wheels on which the development of the state can drive. |
Pages: 158-159 Rajesh (PGT Geography, Hisar, Haryana) The present paper examines the extent of disparities in social and economic condition by social group in the village Hassangarh (Haryana). Disparity on the basis of caste has been common in social economic and political spheres as well as settlement for generation. The present paper is largely based on household level primary data. The level of literacy analysed considering the importance of education as a strong agent of socio-economic development. In the village about 69.2% population is literate. The gender disparity index for the village as a whole is 0.19. The backward castes are observed in below matric level of education. Children (below 15 years) comprise more than 18.9 percent of total population in the village. Among the caste group, higher castes have recorded highest proportion of children i.e. 25.0 percent. The sex ratio in the village is about 97.2. The work participation rate in the village is about 37.42 percent. The average per capita monthly expenditure in the village is Rs. 972. |
Pages: 160-163 Rajneesh Ahlawat (Department of Bus. Admn., Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa) Television plays a major role in the flow of information and is equipped with the power to influence people, their beliefs and their opinions. Being a visual medium, its impact transcends the social and educational background of its viewers; more so, in a diverse country like India, where television dominates the Media & Entertainment landscape as the preferred choice of entertainment. The television industry continues to have headroom for further growth as television penetration in India is still at approximately 60% of the total households. Cable and Satellite (C&S) penetration of television households is close to 80%, with DTH driving a significant part of the growth in the last few years. |
Pages: 164-170 Bhagat Singh and Anita Moral (Department of Psychology, Sri Varshney (PG) College, Aligarh, U.P.) Child abuse is a state in which a child (below the age of 18 years) is maltreated physically, emotionally, sexually and economically. These various types of child abuse lead a child in many long term traumatic stages. Children may face trauma that threatens their integrity, safety, level of confidence, self-esteem, social life and so forth. The effects of trauma are broad, encompassing fear, anger, sadness and humiliation. It is a globally prevalent phenomenon. The women and child development ministry-survey revealed that 53.22% of children reported having faced one or more forms of sexual abuse. It was also found that over 50% children were subjected to one or the other form of physical abuse and every second child reported of facing emotional abuse. In 83% of the cases parents were the abusers. In a number of joint studies conducted by UNICEF and the Ministry of Labour, 75% of the children reported treatment by staff as bad and 91.7% reported provisions of necessities as bad. In Mumbai 75.4 % reported bad treatment by staff and 53.2 reported that provisions were poor. One million children are trafficked into prostitution, in Asia every year; child abuse affects children in a number of ways, such as higher rates of psychiatric and psychological disorders as PTSD, depression, suicidal tendency, antisocial behaviour and so forth. Though there are certain acts as 'National Policy on Children, 1974'; 'Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and recently government passed 'The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012', but due to lack of awareness and proper implementation in these acts, cases of child abuse are increasing day by day. So the gravity of the situation demands that the issue of child abuse be placed on the national agenda. |
Pages: 171-177 Rajneesh Ahlawat (Department of Bus. Admn., Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa) The Indian media market differs from those of developed countries in several ways. India is a developing country and all segments of the media industry (including print and radio) are still growing unlike in many developed countries. The media market in India remains highly fragmented, due to the large number of languages and the sheer size of the country. The television broadcasting industry has over the last two decades, become particularly fragmented, with low entry barriers and high carriage fees and the top two or three channels obtaining a disproportionately high share of total advertising expenditure. The uniqueness of India's Mediascape suggests that while restrictions may be desirable, the safeguards deemed appropriate may not precisely be those that apply in other countries. |
Pages: 178-180 S. S. Joshi (Deputy Librarian, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) With the advancement in technology requirement of the services of the libraries have been changed. User wants instant information instead of searching information here and there in the library. The thrust of the user can only be satisfied if library is fully computerized. Government through university grant commission is providing financial assistance to automate the libraries. The paper discuss step vise step, the procedure to automate the libraries so that the efficiency of the libraries may be increased and informational thrust of the user be satisfied. |
Pages: 181-183 Pawan Kumar (Department of Geography, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi) Satyender (Independent Scholar, Geography, Ch. Dadri, Haryana) The globalisation provides a lot new opportunities as well as complex challenges with diverse responsibilities. Globalization makes integration with the word economy and this fabric is strengthen by the economic exchange, interdependency, and foreign direct investment. In the background of global slow slowdown precipitated by the global financial and economic crisis, Indian economy has continued to grow at a healthy rate but later on it affected in form of low growth, high current account deficit and balance of payment. Poverty and continuous high dependency on the sector like agriculture is still a large challenge in front of India economy even after a decade of globalisation. |
Pages: 184-186 S. S. Joshi (Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar) University library of Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar was established in the year 1996.Since it is an infant library, still it is enriched with online and print resources. It retains most of the resources which are expected from a library of repute. If it is compared with other university libraries of Haryana, It has quality and latest material in its collection. Since this is a technical university library, the reading material available in the library pertains to the subjects of science and technology. All the users of the library have been considered as the visitors. Faculty members, students and research scholars have been considered as the users of the library. Only one component of circulation system of library i.e. check-out system has been opted for the study. The paper discusses the effect of visitors on the check-out statistics of the library. |
Pages: 187-188 Neeraj Malik (Department of Law, K.U., Kurukshetra, Haryana) India stands as a model for many emerging democracies around the world. Free and fair elections are the hallmark of a well-functioning democracy. While we are justifiably proud of our democracy, there are a number of areas which need to be strengthened for us to realise the true potential of a well-functioning democracy. There has been a growing concern over the years in India about several aspects of our electoral system. The Election Commission has made changes in several areas to respond to some of the concerns. There have also been a number of committees which have examined the major issues pertaining to our electoral system and made a number of recommendations. But there remain some critical issues that might need action to bring about the required changes. |
Pages: 189-194 Jitendra Kumar (Department of Geography, KLP College Rewari) Rekha Sharma (Department of Geography, DN College Hisar) The current research paper is an attempt to understand the salient features of international and internal migration in metropolitan cities. The phenomenon of migration is reflected by streams, by distance categories, source areas of in-migration, reasons of migration. The results of the study on the bases of census 2001 revealed the contours of life time migration in metropolitan cities and provided answer to questions like: What is the pattern of migration? What are the pull/push factors that affect migration? |
Pages: 195-199 Vinod Kumar (Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) The paradigm shift in the field of information communication technologies has posed a challenge before the society to protect the Intellectual Property Rights given to the creators, inventors etc..By protecting the IPR, the governments motivate the researchers and artists for innovations and cultural heritage. The present paper highlights definitions, concept and various components of IPR.The main thrust is given to copyright. Copyright is described as the set of special rights granted by the law to the creator of the literary, artistic, musical or dramatic work for a specific period. A set ofproblems perceived by libraries in protecting the copyright in digital era is discussed in length. |
Pages: 200-203 Meenaxi Bishnoi (Rama Krishna College of Education, Chandi, Rohtak, Haryana) Teams-games-tournament is one of the team learning strategy it increased basic skills, students achievement, positive interaction between students the sample present investigation was constituted of 70 students in order to fulfill the objective of the present result the ANCOVA technique was used as statically technique the other basic statically measures used were Mean, S.D. and 't' test. The group of student taught Hindi grammar through TGT under cooperative learning has shown significantly higher gain in achievement then the group of students taught Hindi grammar through traditional method. |
Pages: 204-207 Vikram Sharma (Faculty of Arts (Social Science & Humanities), Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan) The Mughal emperors and their mansabdars spent a great deal of their income on salaries and goods. This expenditure benefited the artisans and peasantry who supplied them with goods and produce. The enormous wealth and resources commanded by the Mughal elite made them an extremely powerful group of people in the late seventeenth century. The administrative and military efficiency of the Mughal Empire led to great economic and commercial prosperity. The present paper reviews economic growth, administrative and military efficiency of the Mughals in medieval history of India |
Pages: 208-210 Mahindera (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan) The purpose of this research was to investigate the rest value and post exercise situation (5, 30 60 minute) of athletes with heart rate, oxygen consumption, and blood lactic acid. The objectives for this research were 20 volunteer Hockey players, from Barkatullah University's division I and II Hockey players, whose average age was 21.6 + 1.83 years, average weight was 79.6+8.05 kg, and average height was 184.5+4.19 cm. During experiment, each subject rode the bicycle until completely exhaustion at a speed of 60 RPM and power of 150W that will increase by 30W for every two minutes until they feel totally exhausted. Observed the changes of heart Rate, oxygen consumption and blood lactate from the physiological biochemical serum specimens when the players were in resting state and recovery state after exercising ( 5, 30, 60 min.). The indices were measured by the Polar heart rate recorder, Vmax29 analytical instrument, and blood lactate acid analytical instrument (YSI2300). All the information was analyzed by a single factor which changed and explained by the Schffee' way, and the results as follow: 1. There was a significant difference between division I and II with the heart rate (174.4+7.9 vs. 186.4+4.5bpm, P<.05). 2. There was a significant difference between division I and division II with the heart rate in the post-exercise 30 minute (83.6+3.8 vs. 97.7+8.0bpm, P<.05). 3. There was a significant difference between division I and division II with the oxygen consumption maximal (55.4+1.1 vs. 48.7+1.7 ml/kg/min, P<.05). It was useful and helpful for the player and coach to manage the peak performance and to avoid the over training. It's is important for the coach and player to recover quickly and to keep a steady state. |
Pages: 211-212 Vikram Sharma (Faculty of Arts (Social Science & Humanities), Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan) Gandhi had spent a couple of years touring India and refamiliarizing himself with his native country, he embarked on a mission to bring satyagraha to India. His end goal for India was liberation from the British Raj and self-government, and so he joined the nationalist movement that had already been organizing for several years. Gandhi's methods sparked media attention, and news of the events he organized was disseminated throughout the land. Whenever he was jailed, for example (which was often), the story would be placed in the headlines of major newspapers, making other Indians aware of the palpability and strength of the movement to liberate India. Independence was finally achieved on August 15, 1947, through the Indian Independence Act. The division of India ran counter to all his dreams and hopes for his homeland. He opposed the partitioning of the nation, believing that all of India's diverse subgroups, including Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, Sikhs, and others, could live peacefully together, as they had done for the centuries before the British Raj. Gandhi's views caused many to turn against him, especially radical Hindus, who believed he was betraying them, and the partition claimed its first victim |
Pages: 213-214 Meenu Singh (Department of Education, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Nirmala Devi (CR College of Education, Hisar, Haryana) The present study examined gender difference in attitude towards inclusive education in high school teachers. The sample was comprised of 300 high school teachers (Male = 150, Female = 150, Mean) teaching in various private and government schools located in Rewari and Rohtak Districts of Haryana. Attitudes towards Inclusive Education Scale (ATIES) by Wilczenski (1992) was used to assess attitude towards inclusive education. t-test was used to analyze the results. The findings indicated that there was significant gender difference in attitude towards inclusive education among high school teachers. |
Pages: 215-217 Nitu Siwach (Department of Education, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Nirmala Devi (CR College of Education, Hisar, Haryana) The present study examined gender differences in academic stress, mindfulness and emotional intelligence among students. The sample was comprised of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) studying at senior secondary school level. The data was collected from govt and private school of district Rohtak, Haryana. Student Academic Stress Scale (SASS) by Busari, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; by Brown and Ryan (2003) and Emotional Intelligence scale developed by Singh and Chadha (2001) were used to asses academic stress, mindfulness and emotional intelligence among students. t-test was used to analyze the results. The findings indicated that there was no significant gender difference in academic stress, however, significant gender difference was found in emotional intelligence and mindfulness. |
Pages: 218-220 Deephikha (Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana) The present study examined gender differences in suicidal ideation, loneliness, attitude towards alcohol and drug abuse; and peer relations among adolescents. The sample was comprised of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) in the age range of 18-23 years studying at UG and PG level in District Hisar and Jind. T-test was used to analyze the results. The findings indicated that there was a significant gender difference in loneliness and attitude towards alcohol and drug use, and peer relation, however, no significant gender difference was found in suicidal ideation. The results are discussed with empirical findings. |
Pages: 221-223 Mahendera (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan) Team cohesion focuses on how being a part of a group inferences performance as well as how psycho-social factor influence group behavior, group performance better and group member are most satisfied when they are cohesive that is, they stick together remain united in pursuing goals. Cohesion is facilitated by emphasizing uniqueness or a positive identity related to group membership and also when individual team members understand and accept their role within group. The present paper reviews group cohesion and its impact on team performance. |
Pages: 224-227 Meenu Singh (Research Scholar, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Nirmala Devi (CR College of Education, Hisar, Haryana) Attitudes have great influence on people's behaviour. Attitudes represent relatively stable knowledge, emotions and reactions towards people, phenomena and situations (Rot, 1994). All these enable us, on basis of familiarity of attitudes, to relatively successfully predict their behaviour in different situations. For example, if we knew the attitudes towards children from marginalized groups, we would be able to predict whether teachers would have any feeling of pleasantness or unpleasantness when meeting children with disability. The component of willingness of an attitude includes readiness for a greater or smaller engagement. E.g. by examining teachers in both primary and secondary schools towards inclusion, we may learn to what extent teachers are ready to support the inclusion into educational system of children with disability and with other developmental problems. The present paper reviews factors affecting inclusive education among school teachers. |
Pages: 228-231 Prabhjot Guron (Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Taruna Malhotra (Vaish College of Education, Rohtak) Anything that discourages, decreases confidence or creates inhibitions among children can be termed as stress which can be caused by academics, interactions, fear of under achievement and rejection of thoughts and ideas and lack of motivation and encouragement. It becomes very prominent among adolescents when they are undergoing changes or conversely are undergoing lack of changes and purpose. Anybody can define stress among adolescents in a layman language almost quite accurately whereas in this Paper we actually try to understand stress as a study of psychology among adolescents, the factors which create it and the Role of interacting individuals which contribute to its increase, decrease and control. |
Pages: 232-234 Meenu (Research Scholar, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Nirmala Devi (CR College of Education, Hisar, Haryana) The present paper examined gender differences in physical and verbal aggression, impulsivity and consideration of future consequences (CFC). The sample was comprised of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) from the Chandigarh region. The Aggression Questionnaire by Buss and Perry (1992), Barrett's Impulsivity Scale (Patton et al., 1995), and Strathman et al.'s (1994) CFC Scale were used to assess physical and verbal aggression, impulsivity and CFC respectively. T-test was used to analyze the results. The findings indicate ted that physical and verbal aggression was significantly related with impulsivity and consideration of future consequences. |