Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 349-352 Anantha Ubharadka (Department of Psychology, Kristu Jayanti College, Bangalore, Karnataka) With a range of spiritual and religious factors demonstrated positive qualities in adolescents and young adults, very few studies were made considering emerging adults. Individuals at this stage, explore a variety of life directions in work, religious and spiritual beliefs, social support and different views about the world which can impact their life satisfaction. Interestingly the previous studies explored that the stage of emerging adulthood was noticed mainly in developed and industrialised countries. A developing country like India is also witnessing a pandemic revolution in the fields of information technology and industrialisation like any other developed country which is leading to the greater prevalence of emerging adulthood and there by seeking up new revolution in this field. The purpose of the current study was to explore the impact of daily spiritual experience and perceived social support on life satisfaction among emerging adults in an Indian Perspective. The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between daily spiritual experience, perceived social support and life satisfaction and both daily spiritual experience and perceived social support significantly predicted life satisfaction.

Pages: 357-361 John Lourdusamy and Sally Caballero (Department of Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines) The present study examined the effectiveness of “Integrated Well-being Intervention “for alleviating depression and enhancing the psychological well-being of widows. It used a “two-group randomized controlled trial” with 40 widows in mild to moderate depression. Beck's Depression Inventory and Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being were used to measure the level of depression and determine their psychological well-being. The intervention was implemented for five weeks and the results showed significant effects on the participants. The results were analyzed using Paired Sample t-test, MANOVA and Cohen's d test indicated the extent of its effect. The study proved that the “Integrated Well-being Intervention (IWI) is an effective intervention tool for increasing psychological well-being and reducing depression among widows in Tamil Nadu, India.

Pages: 368-372 Minimol Joseph and Lucila O. Bance (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, The Philippines) In contemporary India, the increase in child sexual abuse is an endemic. The high prevalence of CSA and adverse consequences of sexual abuses in children warrants an increased investment in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to develop an intervention program for sexually abused female children on enhancing self-compassion and reducing trauma-related shame and to pilot test its feasibility and usability in the clinical practice. Development of the program involved the integration of qualitative and quantitative research designs. Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Trauma-Related Shame Inventory (TRSI) were used to measure the level of self-compassion and trauma-related shame among the participants. Interviews and Focused-Group Discussions were carried out to get a better understanding of the severity of these problems. Basing on these, a thirteen modular intervention was developed integrating the Self-compassion theory, Shame Resilience Theory, Compassion- focused Therapy and Art Therapy. The program was subjected for validation of inter-disciplinary experts and pilot tested to ten sexually abused female children. The intervention was positively received by the participants and the results of the pilot test showed improvement in the level of self-compassion and reduction in trauma-related shame among the children.

Pages: 377-381 Sonia David (Department of Psychology, JAIN University, Bangalore, Karnataka) Uma Warrier (Department of Management, JAIN University, Bangalore, Karnataka) The aim of this meta-analysis is to understand the prevalence of media influences on the basis of cultural differences and to thematically synthesize studies based on the repertoire of aims with respect to stereotyping in terms of gender and culturally variant audiences, as well as the role of films and advertisements on the lifestyle of individuals, especially in India. This qualitative meta-analysis includes 37 researches, out of which 22 of them are Indian researches to highlight the cultural aspect of the impact of media exposure on adolescent body image. The method used for this qualitative meta-analysis is thematic analysis as the researches were divided into Indian and Non-Indian Researches based on themes such as the prevalence of media influence, media stereotypes and impact of films and advertisement. It has become evident that India is significantly prevalent in popularizing media content in terms of gender stereotypes, and directly linking a clear correlation with body image among both, children and adolescents which not only have proved to influence their identity but also the process of development in other aspects. More researches on media studies pertaining to its prevalence in media exposure and body image concerns involving studies from different parts of the world is also recommended to highlight the cultural aspect and enhance the level of understanding in terms of adolescents' perceptions as well as the socio-cultural influences in the identity formation of the adolescent.

Pages: 388-397 Adeyanju, Awoniyi Babafemi and Beredugo, Letticia Ikiomoye (Department of Community Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria) Oyedele Emmanuel Adetunji (Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria) Naingba Tunimidei (Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria) Globally, the term family or informal caregiver refers to an unpaid family member, friend, or neighbour who provides care for ill or disabled aged who cannot do for themselves a variety of fundamental tasks due to loss of independence. The purpose of the study was to explore family caregivers' educational needs in the care of aged in Ikare-Akoko Ondo State, Nigeria. A mixed method research design was adopted and a multistage sampling methods were used to select fifty (50) participants for the quantitative descriptive phase and ten (10) participants for the qualitative explorative phase respectively. An observational check list was used to obtain data in the descriptive quantitative phase while an interview guide was used to guide the interview that helped to elicit qualitative data. The instruments were validated and reliability tested. Data were analysed with the aid of International Business Machine SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was done to generate frequencies and percentages of responses from the quantitative data while interview excerpts were subjected to content analysis. Major findings of the study showed that family caregivers' practical caregiving need is modest. They appreciably performed procedures on medication care, grooming, pain assessment, food preparation and moving patients. However, caregivers demonstrated inadequate skill in performing procedures on emergency resuscitation. The study also revealed that family caregivers perceived caregiving as merely assisting care recipients with ADL and administering medications. they were found to engage in risky practices which can be detrimental to the health of their older relatives, as well as to their own health. More so, family caregivers possess inadequate information about the illness and treatment of care of the aged. They also lack support and have deficient knowledge on where to get external support. Thus there is need for training on care of older relatives at home and how to access help and support from health and social care professionals. In this light, a health education program for family caregivers of aged in Ikare-Akoko could be based on the Melei's transition theory and should include content such as strategies to care for the aged transition from one life stage to another and to be adequately adapted to new roles among others.

Pages: 403-409 Krishnan Gireesh (Clinical Psychologist, Harisree Insitute of Mental Health and Neauro Sciences (HIMHANS), Kollam, Kerala) The state of Kerala is often described as “Suicidal Capital of India”. Family Suicide is unique in Kerala. Farmer Suicides still vulnerable in the State. In the early phase of 2000, the intervention design followed was by and large medical model. The Psychiatric bias, a confirmation bias in the design of intervention, aggravated the crisis. Hence a literature review of reports in media, articles, studies published in journals and reports on interventions has been critically evaluated and presented. The Plethora of findings and analysis suggest need to de emphasise the medicalization of social distress and focusing on other underlying process of human misery including poverty and lack of equity. The present review suggest need for population based socio-economic approach towards the intervention to prevent suicide.

Pages: 414-417 Shreya Singh (Kasturaba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka) Veena Singh and Vinod Kumar (Haryana State AIDS Control Society, Health Department, Haryana) Drug has always been the cause of disease. Lots of psychological and physical consequences as well social taboos are associated with the person who ever use drugs. The study sheds light on the effect of drug on HIV infection which is highly correlated with injecting the drugs for any intoxication. The injecting route of drug is one of the major routes of HIV transmission. Moreover, the study also reveals the dynamic pattern of drug uses among the young generations. The drug which was previously used in western countries is now consumed frequently in India. Many youngsters are wasting their lives by getting caught in swamp of drugs as well being infected with HIV virus.

Pages: 189-194 Sarika Manhas (P.G. Department of Home Science (Human Development), University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K) Tarannum Tratha (P.G. Department of Home Science, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K) The present study assessed the physical and motor development of preschool aged child beneficiaries of ICDS scheme belonging to rural Jammu. The sample for the study comprised 80 children (40 boys & 40 girls) in the age group of 3-5 years belonging to middle socioeconomic strata families of Bishnah Block of Jammu District. Multistage Sampling technique was used to select the sample for the study. The developmental status of sample children was assessed through Anthropometric Measurement (Height, Weight, & BMI) and the adapted versions of Age and Staged-3rd Edition Questionnaires (Square & Bricker, 2009). The results reveal that the total mean age of sample children was 3.65±0.657 years (for boys 3.10±3.3 years & for girls was 4.20±0.405 years). Most of the sample children were second and third born in their families and majority of them had one or more siblings. Majority of the sample children had normal Height, Weight and BMI indicating that in spite of their deprived living conditions most of pre-schoolers had normal physical development. Though most of the children had normal fine motor development but majority of them had delayed gross motor development.

Pages: 201-204 Kangjam Victoria Devi and S. Visalakshi Rajeswari (Department of Resource Management, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) From time immemorial handloom industry in Manipur has been playing a vital role in the state economy. It is well known as a highly employment oriented and a low capital intensive activity, and as an effective tool for rural development with overwhelming number of advantages. It transfers wealth from richer sections of society to poorer section since, silk is consumed mostly by affluent people and the money so spent on purchase of silk is distributed among the sericulturists, reelers, twisters, weavers and traders in the order of 51.5, 6.2, 8.2, 14.5, and 19.5 per cent respectively (Nair, 1998) who are essentially women labourers. Yet, the State continues to be socio-economically backward with 34 per cent of the people living below the poverty line (BPL). (www.manipuronline.com & www.tradechakra.com/indian-economy/per capita income 2005-06). This paper attempts to highlight the demographic profiles of the Women involved in Silk reeling and silk weaving activities in Imphal -East and Imphal -West Districts of Manipur. The results reveal that almost 70 per cent of the families irrespective of the vocation adopted by the samples were found to fall in the low income strata making it clear that none of the jobs are lucrative.

Pages: 217-220 Mohammad Zobair Azizi (Education Faculty, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan, South Asia) Studying on students' interest rate in Math subject of high school in Herat City is the title selected to study and search. It looks that students in this period are not interested in math subject, thus, after studying theoretical credible and academic sources, fundamental goals of this study are; to find out reasons why lack of students' interest in Math and how to make them more interested in. it is mention able that based on the aforementioned goals; certain key and sub questions are designed as well as a mixed methodology of quantitative and qualitative research is designed through observation, interview and questionnaire. Data collected are analyzed by Microsoft Excel and data indicates there are many various reason lack students' interest for Math subject. These reasons are clearly indicated by data collected in this study. Increasing students' interest in Math, particularly in high schools depends on teacher Mathematical profession, their knowledge on Math teaching methods, their understanding of students' individual differences and emphasis on implication of concepts of Math in daily life.

Pages: 224-227 Krishnan Gireesh (Clinical Psychologist, Harisree Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (HIMHANS), Kollam, Kerala) Delusions are common and severely incapacitating symptom in severe mental disorders. Delusional beliefs are heterogeneous and occur in numerous clinical desires such as schizophrenia, delusional disorders, dementia and severe mood disorders (APA, 19087). There has been a growing interest in studying particular symptoms of psychosis (Beranbanm, Oltmauns, & Gaterman, 1985; Slade & Bent, 1988). However, in spite of the fact that delusions are extremely common in psychosis, this symptoms has suffered experimental neglect (Ollturanus, 1988; Winters & Neale's, 1983, IPSS, WHO, 1973). Pharmacological intervention has limited success in controlling delusional beliefs, the drug resistant, persistent delusion poses a clinical challenge and hence alterative psychological treatments have been developed. Operant methods and belief modification procedures have been used with limited success. Cognitive therapy has recently being used by therapists and researches in severe mental disorders. The present study examined the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in delusions of patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The study examined the efficacy of cognitive therapy on different variables of delusions -Convictions, pre-occupations and reaction to hypothetical contradictions. A single case study design was adopted with pre and post intervention assessments carried out by an independent rater. 10 patients with ICD10 diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia underwent 48 sessions of cognitive therapy. The results showed that cognitive therapy was effective in improving insight and changing convictions pre occupations and reactions to hypothetical contradictions of persistent delusion. The present study shows the usefulness of Cognitive Therapy as a main therapeutic method in delusions of patients with paranoid schizophrenia in the Indian context.

Pages: 233-235 Priya Soni and Nehashree Srivastava (Department of Psychology, National P.G College Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) Banking originated in the late 18th century in India. The Bank of Hindustan, established in 1770 is one of the oldest banks. The study below attempts to study the effect of marital status on occupational stress and job satisfaction among female bank employees. The sample consists of 15 married female bank employees and 15 unmarried female bank employees of Indian Overseas Bank Lucknow district of various branches. The tools used for this purpose were Asha Job satisfaction scale developed by Hingar, Mittal, Mathur, and Paranami to assess job satisfaction and the Occupational stress index developed by Srivastava and Singh to assess occupational stress index. The statistical method used was t test. No significant difference between job satisfaction and occupational stress among married and unmarried female bank employees was found.