Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 906-916
Anchal Thakur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess the 'gender and locale differences in cyber crime awareness among adolescents'. The study was based on 200 adolescents (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Ludhiana district. Cyber Crime Awareness Scale by Rajasekhar was used to assess cyber crime awareness of the respondents. The scale consists of 36 items related to different aspects of cyber crime awareness. Results revealed that in cyber crime awareness gender differences were found to be significant among rural boys and girls whereas non-significant differences were seen among urban boys and girls. Significant locale differences existed between rural and urban adolescents.

Pages: 929-940
Abraham Kebde (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science and the Humanities, Debre Tabor Universit, Ethiopiay)
Mebrat Gedfie (Candidate of Education at Haramaya University Previously Member of Debre Tabor University)

Burnout is a psychological syndrome, stemming as a response to chronic interpersonal jobs stressor, characterized by three principal dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The purpose of this study was to assess burnout experience among Public Universities of Amhara Regional State. For this purpose a sample of 298 teachers properly returned the questionnaire from 384 distributed questionnaires. This study employed multistage cluster and simple random sampling techniques to select the required participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis techniques. Findings indicated that majority of teachers in public universities were experiencing high level of burnout. The overall burnout dimensions prevalence rate was 55.05%, 67.8% and 65.1% for EE, DP, and PA, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the three dimensions of burnout as function of working experience and educational status of teachers. In addition statistical significant differences were not observed in teacher's level of EE and DP as a function of working university and class in credit hour. One way ANOVA also revealed that statistical significant difference were observed in teacher's level of PA as a function of working university and class in credit hour. Co relational analysis indicated that there was no statistical significant relationship between demographic variables (age & monthly salary) and the level of the three dimensions of burnout. In conclusion, teachers had developed high level of burnout in the study area. Therefore, early intervention shall be taken.

Pages: 944-946
Kumari Ranjeeta and Md Intekhab Ur Rahman (Department of Psychology, B.N. Mandal University, North Campus, Madhepura, Bihar)

This paper discussed stress of prostitutes which has been going on for many centuries. Present research gives an overview of stress of prostitutes, who are sheltered at the shelter home after rescued from brothels through administration. It has also examined the social and family adjustment problems of these victims within the society and family as well as rehabilitation. A sample of 6 respondents was selected for the case study from shelter home of Purnia District, Bihar. The purpose of this study to explore the mental problems of women towards prostitution, torture of brothel owner and its effect on their mental and physical behavior. This study is qualitative in nature and based on in-depth through counseling sessions of former prostitutes, who were pushing into sex work. Counseling plays a major role to know about all sufferings, mental stress, physical problems and problems of rehabilitation of victims as well as to reduce mental conflicts and improve self-esteem, confidence and self-belief. The stress are defined under two types of prostitution work one is voluntarily and second is involuntarily; voluntarily prostitution is caused for poverty, illiteracy, attractive and luxurious life, low socio-economic condition and cultural effect. Involuntarily prostitution is caused of early marriage, trafficking, sexual abused, deceiving by parents and relatives as well as neighbors, deceiving by lovers and kidnapping.

Pages: 952-955
Faustin Habineza (INES-Ruhengeri, P.O. Box 155 Ruhengeri, Rwanda)

Mathematics is still considered as a subject that causes fear to Students in Rwandan schools. This study aimed at exploring the levels of Mathematics attitudes and anxiety manifested by secondary students in urban and rural secondary schools in Musanze District. Tapia and Marsh's (2004) instrument was used to collect data and descriptive statistics was used to analyse data. The study showed the students' attitudes were mostly high and female students were less anxious than their counterpart males in urban and in rural secondary schools.

964-968
Dinka Yadeta Oli (Department of Behavioral Science, College of Education and Behavioral Science Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia)

The main purpose of this study was to investigate challenges and opportunities experienced by Students with Physical Disabilities (SWPD's) in Primary Schools of Wollega Zones. The research employed qualitative design and simple random sampling technique to select 2(two) primary schools from four towns of Wollega Zones (i.e., Shambu & Gimbi) and students with physical disabilities were selected purposively (i.e.,7 SWPD's). Collection of data was conducted by using semi-structured interview to investigate the phenomena. The research employed Thematic Content Analysis as a mode of data analysis in the study. Results of the study showed that, students with physical disabilities generally find that there is inadequate physical infrastructure which compromises their physical access within the school and outside of the school. The participants also had to deal with discrimination from peers and staff. Furthermore, participants reported that being provided with proper facilities such as crunches and wheelchairs would help them find the environment less challenging. The poor infrastructure in schools cause many challenges and impair ability to move freely which, at times, leads them to staying in their classrooms thus increasing their separation. Finally, based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended that, awareness raising activities should be designed to the school principals, teachers, families and other stakeholders so that they could support and encourage inclusiveness of regular schools. School should be provided relevant training and they need to be innovative, flexible, creative, willing, welcoming and capable of initiating participatory inclusive environment.

Pages: 972-976
Vijay Kumar and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

The rapid convergence of mass media and communication technologies has made. Television is clearly part of the lives of hundreds of millions of young children around the world. This study examines the background and television viewing behavior of primary school boys in rural and urban areas. The study was conducted on 100 boys of Bhiwani district of Haryana state in which 50 boys from rural and 50 boys were urban. The data was analyzed by applying frequency, percentages, mean and rank. The study showed majority of the respondents belonged to age group 9-10 years in rural areas, had joint family, and belonged to backward class, having income up to Rs. 2025. Result regarding viewing frequency observed that 56.0 per cent boys were watching television up to 2 hrs and most preferred programmes of rural and urban was cartoon. Decision about channels and programmes half the cases selection was taken by father and majority of the respondents were watching television for entertainment.

Pages: 982-983
Rijul Sihag (Department of Sociology, CR Law College, Hisar, Haryana)

Domestic violence against women is old phenomena. Women were always considered weak, vulnerable and in a position to be exploited. Cultural mores, religious practices, economic and political conditions may set the precedence for initiating and perpetuating domestic violence, but ultimately committing an act of violence is a choice that the individual makes out of a range of options. Moreover, women are socialized into their gender roles in different societies throughout the world. In societies with a patriarchal power structure and with rigid gender roles, women are often poorly equipped to protect themselves if their partners become violent. India's National Family Health Survey-IV (2015-16) has found that a substantial proportion of married women have been physically or sexually abused by their husbands at some time in their lives. It is on this basis that this paper discusses the meaning, types of domestic violence and after-effects of these types of violence on abused women. In addition, the paper discusses the laws in action for providing intervention to the affected individuals. This can be restrained by educating women about her rights, provision of strict laws and punishment for offence of domestic violence.

Pages: 988-990
Poonam Kumari, Neelam M. Rose, and Saroj S. Jeet Singh (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

In this study woven cotton fabric is treated with geranium oil microcapsules through pad dry cure technique to incorporate aroma finish. Geranium oil microcapsules were prepared by complex cocervation technique. Abrasion resistance and wash durability of aroma finished fabric was tested and analysis for retention of aroma was carried out by olfactory analysis done by 25 respondents. Analysis for presence of microcapsules was done through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Wash fastness and abrasion resistance of aroma finished fabric by oil microcapsules with pad-dry-cure technique were tested against the fabric finished by direct method. The findings of the present study revealed that wash fastness and abrasion resistance has increased manifold in fabric treated with oil microcapsules as compared to direct method. On the surface of microencapsulated treated fabric numerous microcapsules containing geranium essential oil inside the matrix varying in their size and shapes were found, however in case of direct method some residue of citric acid was observed by SEM.

Pages: 994-1000
A. Sangwan, Kuldeep Singh, P. S. Sangwan, R. P. Sansanwal, and B. S. Duhan (Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

A pot experiment was conducted at Choudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University to study the effect of different sources of sulphur on micronutrient concentration and uptake by wheat. Various levels of sulphur significantly increased zinc content in grain over control. The increase in zinc content was more pronounced at highest level of sulphur as compared to lower levels. The increase was 5.0, 8.5 and 10.6 per cent over control at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg sulphur application, respectively. The maximum uptake (558.07 μg/pot) was observed at highest level and the magnitude of increase was 18.8, 27.2 and 33.0 μg/pot at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg sulphur application over control (419.28 μg/pot). The copper concentration in grain significantly increased with increasing level of sulphur over control (6.82%). The gradual increase of sulphur from 20 to 40 and 40 to 60 mg/kg also resulted in significant increase in uptake of copper. With regard to various sources of sulphur, the copper uptake in grain was found to be significantly at par. The concentration of manganese in grain also increased significantly with graded dose of sulphur application over control (83.53%). The uptake of manganese in grain was also influenced significantly with respect to various level of sulphur over control (632.50 μg/pot) recording maximum (817.45 μg/pot) at highest level i.e. 60 mg/kg sulphur application. In grain, the iron content also increased significantly with respect to different doses of sulphur and this increased was 4.2, 6.4 and 10.6 per cent at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg sulphur application over control (97.39%). Uptake of iron by wheat grain was found to be positively and significantly increased with increasing level of sulphur. The increase was 17.9, 25.0 and 33.0 per cent at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg sulphur application, respectively over control.

Pages: 1005-1011
Samyukta Kumar and Ramya Maheswari, M. (Department of Psychology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

The number of cases of obesity, sleep and stress related disorders in adolescents are on the rise. These problems can be avoided if correct preventive measures are taken. There is limited research conducted in the area of cognitive biases in preventive health actions. Hence, the present study aimed to explore if cognitive biases operate when adolescents try to make decisions with respect to preventive health. Based on the review of literature, cognitive biases namely framing effect, optimism bias, anchoring bias and sunk-cost bias were examined to see if they operate when adolescent's were made to think of their decisions regarding five preventive health actions namely dietary behaviors, physical activity, stress management, sleep patterns and health screening. A questionnaire consisting of hypothetical questions was constructed by overlaying the biases with respect to each of these health behaviors to study if it did impact their decisions. A pilot study was conducted with 20 participants to see if the questionnaire tested what it was intended to test. After making changes based on the feedback received with reference to clarity, this self constructed questionnaire was finally administered to 80 adolescents and the results were analyzed using percentage analysis. Results showed that the biases tested by the questionnaire did impact the decisions made by the adolescents.