Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Pages:73-75
Priyanka Behrani (Department of Psychology, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat)

The present paper focuses on the comparative perspective of the concept of pleasure as described by Sigmund Freud founder of Psychoanalysis and the Indian view. The Psychoanalytic theorists suggest that the reduction of tension by the satisfaction of needs leads to happiness or Pleasure. It is theorized that happiness is because of achievement of goal which leads to satisfaction, so satisfaction is happiness. Humans are pleasure seeking creatures; Freud called this need for satisfaction, the Pleasure Principle which can be defined as the desire for immediate gratification of needs with no regard for consequences. The nature of pleasure as discussed in Indian literature maintains similarity and contrast with the psychoanalytic view. Madhusudana maintains that pleasure and pain are modes of mind (Antahkarnavrtti). Prasastapada (400 A.D.) defines pleasure as an agreeable feeling, pleasure arises from the conjunction of the mind with the self. It brings about an experience of agreeable feelings, inclines the self in its favor and produces its satisfaction .There is no pleasure apart from self it is a quality of the self, it is a subjective feeling and is affected by desirable objects. Vardhamana (1250 A.D.). Pleasureis a subjective experience the same object produces pleasure in one person may not in the other person. It is ultimate end of all our prudential action it is not a means to some other end. According to Samakhya and the Yoga , Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas produce pleasure ,pain and dejection respectively. They are the constituents of the mind . Pleasure is delight it is a mode of mind, and not a quality of the self and a function of sattva.

Pages:79-82
Tarun Choudhary and A.V.S. Madnawat (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The present study aspired to investigate whether Spirituality is a significant predictor of Compassionate Love in Compassion Virtue Icons - Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Social Workers. It was hypothesized that Spirituality will be a significant predictor of Compassionate Love in Compassion Virtue Icons - Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Social Workers. A purposive sample of 400 Compassion Virtue Icons 200 Psychiatrists and 200 Psychiatric Social Workers from various Government and Private Hospitals and Psychiatric Centers located in Jaipur City of Rajasthan State was selected. The Predictor Variable (Spirituality) was measured by Underwood, Lynn et al. (2002) whereas the Criterion/Outcome Variable (Compassionate Love) was measured by Compassionate Love Scale (Sprecher & Fehr, 2005). The Correlational Research Design along with Regression Model was employed. The Multiple Regression Analysis was computed to investigate whether Spirituality was a significant predictor of Compassionate Love in Compassion Virtue Icons Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Social Workers. It was empirically proved that Spirituality is a significant positive predictor of Compassionate Love in Compassion Virtue Icons Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Social Workers. The results are interpreted in the light of existing researches.

Pages:87-91
Sankalita Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, Victoria Institution, Kolkata, West Bengal)

Psycho education to family members has been emerged as an important prerequisite to modern psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation, since through psycho education many problematic areas related to patient care and compliance with the treatment can be successfully addressed. Being an indispensable adjunct to modern psychiatric treatment it is more efficacious in targeting all areas of patient's illness and functionality quite suitably than any single therapy based approach. Effects of bipolar disorder can be far-reaching, both into the lives of patients and those around them. Severe cognitive, emotional and behavioural dysfunctioning related to illness lead to burden, expressed emotion, life stress, avoidance coping, decreased quality of life and lesser social support in family members of patients because of their inability in understanding the meaning of psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Primary caregiver plays multiple role in care of the ill persons, not only they take day-to-day care of the patient, supervise medications, take the patient to the hospital and look after the financial needs but also they have to bear with the behavioral disturbances in the patient. Experiencing considerable stress and burden they might develop an unhealthy coping style which may adversely affect the caregiving function and their own health. Interventions techniques have proven efficacy in reducing relapse rates and negative impact of symptoms on caregivers and can diminish negative attitudes and increase the willingness in the caregivers in providing care to patients. Through intervention caregivers are imparted knowledge about illness, its course, etiology, warning signs and various ways of managing the patient during distress and dysfunctioning. Psychoeducational training is a way of offering help for caregivers, representing a forum for knowledge sharing, and in which the primary focus is on psychological themes aimed at carers developing coping skills and strategies. It helps caregivers to become skilled in closer monitoring of disease treatment and symptoms which can have major implication in the evolution of the disease over the long term. The goals of these efforts are educational, prevention and to promote psychological health among caregivers as well as the patients.

Pages:677-680
Vrushali Pathak and Shefali Mishra (Department of Psychology, Jesus and Mary College, Delhi University, Delhi)

Song is a special type of speech and response to sound is one of the most highly developed abilities in the newborn infant, children thus need to be musically nurtured from birth. Lullabies and child directed songs make up some of the earliest performances of music and cultural knowledge to which a child is exposed. Children show preferences for music from their mothers' culture, and thus, their acculturation begins before birth (Custodero & Jonson-Green, 2003). These lullabies can have a unique influence on a developing child's mind and understanding of their ethnic, religious, familial or even personal identity. With advent of technology and changes coming in the family system the practice of lullaby singing is also changing, yet its importance can't be overlooked.

Pages:670-672
Monali Devaraj Mathad and Balaram Pradhan (Division of Yoga & Humanities Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnataka ) Rajesh S. K. (Division of Yoga & Physical Sciences Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnataka )

Nurses and nursing students regularly get exposed to pain and sufferings of the patients. Indeed, being empathic and compassionate during patient care is required, yet, the decline in empathy and experience of compassion fatigue was evident during the clinical experience. Here comes the role of self-compassion. Self-compassion is being warm and caring at times of hardship, being kind to self, accepting suffering or unpleasant experiences as they are and being non-judgment. When an individual can be compassionate towards self, he/she can be compassionate towards others during suffering. Substantially, interventions that would improve self-compassion can be emphasized in the nursing curriculum. However, brief self-compassion intervention, MBSR program, and yoga intervention have reported promising results.

Pages:663-666
Anupam Kumar Yadav, Neena Kohli, and Shreshtha Yadav (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Thriving at work is a joint experience of vitality and learning. Vitality means feeling of energy during work while learning means acquiring new knowledge and skills at work. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's Wings of fire has been chosen because he is considered one of the most thrived personalities of India. Hermeneutics was applied as a qualitative method to analyse the text. Factors which promote thriving has been explored in this paper are knowledge about the work, positive interpersonal relationship, focus on the task at hand, exploration and creativity, positive attitude towards work information sharing with supervisory support. These factors confirms the meaning of thriving at work explained by socially embedded model of thriving. This paper lacks empirical evidences and further empirical researches are needed to validate the result of present study.

Pages:654-658
Mira Talathi and R.S. Mhaske (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra )

The transition to adolescence presents developmental challenges in physical, social, intellectual and psychological arenas. Adolescents typically experience more intense emotions. Life becomes more complex, and more mature coping skills are required to navigate this terrain effectively. To help them 'surf the waves' of emotion changes mindfulness based programs have been incorporated in therapy for adolescents with clinical issues. In Indian context, there is paucity of research dealing with helping non-clinical adolescents with their emotional turmoil. Present research, based upon Ecological momentary assessment, focuses upon understanding and exploring emotional liability in adolescents and observing effect of mindfulness on regulating emotions. Measurement of emotional liability was derived from self report of emotions gathered from 106 participants (57 experimental, 49 control) sampled four times daily over first four and last four days of intervention program. Twenty days long Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (MMI) was adopted from sitting meditation designed by Jon Kabat-Zinn (2012). Results show that positive index of liability and negative index of liability are positively correlated and the correlation decreased significantly after MMI. Gain score analysis reflected that in experimental group negative emotional liability and distraction reduced significantly as compared to control group. Detailed analysis of control group showed that distraction increased while relaxed mood decreased in 20 days long period. While in experimental group boredom, anger and distraction reduced significantly. This shows that mindfulness meditation practice has helped adolescent to reflect upon their emotions, reducing negative emotions and being able to achieve better balance between positive and negative emotions. The finding would be used in development of various emotion regulation programs for adolescent at personal level and educational setup.

Pages:645-647
Neha Sharma, Seema Sharma, and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the assessment of social and emotional maturity amongst juvenile delinquents. The sample comprised of 120 respondents in 16-18 years of age range, selected from observation homes of six districts, from three cultural zones of Punjab. Further the sample was distributed over two sexes i.e. 80 males and 40 females. Scales used to collect the relevant information for the study were: Social Maturity Scale (Rao, 1986) Emotional Maturity Scale (Singh & Bhargava, 1990). Data depicts that maximum number of the delinquents belonged to the average level of delinquency. Low levels of social and emotional maturity were found in most of the delinquents. The juvenile delinquents had shown average level of work orientation, followed by social commitment.

Pages:636-638
Divya Dovina T. and S. Karunanidhi (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

In the present study an attempt was made to develop and validate a scale to measure marital expectations among young adults. Such an attempt was made as there was a dearth in the availability of a suitable scale to measure the marital expectations in the Indian context. Data was obtained from available literature, in depth interviews with advocates, psychologists, marital counselors etc., and focus group interviews that were conducted, in order to generate items for the scale. After generation of items, content validity, inter item reliability and test retest reliability were established. Norms were framed based on Mean ± Standard Deviation, using the data collected from a sample of undergraduate students from the districts of Chennai, Thiruvallur, and Kanchipuram.

Pages:628-630
Renuka Joshi and Kanchan Yadav (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. (PG) College, Dehradun, Uttaranchal)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the Emotional competence and behavioural deviance of adolescents in relation to anxiety. Total sample consisist of 100 school going boys and girls of Dehradun city, in the age range of 13-18 years. The 2x2 factorial design was used where two levels of anxiety was matched with two levels of sex. Stratified random sampling was used for sample selection. Anxiety scale developed by Sinha (1955) was used to assess the anxiety levels of the subjects. Emotional competence scale developed by Sharma and Bhardwaj (1995-2007) was used to measure the emotional competence and Behavioural deviance scale developed by Chauhan and Saroj Aurora (1989) was used to measure the Behavioural deviance of the subjects. Results suggested that high and low anxiety group differ significantly on adequate depth of feeling, adequate expression and control of emotions, and enhancement of positive emotions. The high and low anxiety subjects also showed significant difference on withdrawing deviance and rebellion deviance, the two dimensions of behavioural deviance. Significant gender difference was also found on adequate depth of feeling, enhancement of positive emotions, total behavioural deviance, withdrawing deviance, and rebellion deviance.