Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Pages:616-620
Dipti Pandey and Arun Kumar Jaiswal (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

Objective of this study was to examine the effect of positive meta-cognition and meta-emotions (PMCEQ-H) on satisfaction with life. The study was conducted on 20 to 50 years old 300 (150 men & 150 women) conveniently sampled participants from the Chowk area of Varanasi city of India. The participants were individually administered Hindi versions of: (1) Positive Metacognitions and Meta-emotions Questionnaire (PMCEQ-H; Jaiswal et al., 2017) and (2) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Singh & Rani, 2011). To elucidate the predictability of satisfaction with life by facets of positive metacognitions and meta-emotions and causal effects of positive metacognitions and meta-emotions on satisfaction with life, initially the data were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis with SWLS as criterion variable and facets of PMCEQ-H as predictors variable, and then the data were analyzed by 2 X 2 analysis of variance [2 gender (men & women) X 2 levels of facets of PMCEQ-H (high & low)] to delineate the main and interaction effects of 'gender' and levels of facets of PMCEQ-H' on satisfaction with life. The results indicated PMCEQ-H1 and PMCEQ-H2 significant as significant predictors of life satisfaction. The ANOVA revealed significant main effects of 'gender' for PMCEQ-H1 and PMCEQ-H2, and 'levels' of PMCEQ-H1, PMCEQ-H2 and PMCEQ-H3 on satisfaction with life, and significant interaction effects of gender X levels of PMCEQ-H1 and PMCEQ-H2 on satisfaction with life. Post hoc analyses demonstrated significantly higher satisfaction with life in men than in women with respect to PMCEQ-H1 and PMCEQ-H2 facets of positive metacognitions and meta-emotions. Moreover, high than low scorer participants on the three facets of PMCEQ-H, displayed significantly higher satisfaction with life. The findings indicated facilitating effects of positive metacognitions and meta-emotions on life satisfaction.

Pages:607-610
Rupan Dhillon and Saima Hafiz (Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

Migration is the process of social change whereby an individual moves from one cultural setting to another for the purposes of settling down either permanently or for a prolonged period. When migration takes place, a sense of hopelessness and helplessness is developed which leads to depressive effect. If there is a discrepancy between what the migrants expect and what they get, then it will lead to dejection and it may leave the person psychologically vulnerable. In this study, the differences in the social support networks of migrant adolescents, their personality traits and their family environments are studied and are compared with non migrant adolescents. It is hypothesized that there will be significant differences between migrants and non migrants on the variables of social support, personality and family environment.A total number of 400 participants were collected for the study. There are 200 migrants and 200 non migrants in the sample. The group taken is 14-19 years. There are equal number of males and females in the sample. The migrants are taken from the schools situated in migrant camps from Kashmir. The psychological tools used are Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos,1986); NEO- Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae,2003); and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Cohen & Hoberman, 1983). t_ ratios are used to study the differences between both the groups of migrants and non migrants. Their differences will be analyzed and elucidated.

Pages:598-603
Divya Kumawat (Consultant Counselling Psychologist, Cardiac Center, Narayana Health City, Bommassandra and Narayana Multispeciality Clinic, Bangalore )

Positive schooling has its roots in the conception of positive psychology in our lives where an individual's strength is the primary focus, yet the differences in the way this concept is understood makes its practical applicability challenging. An exploratory research was conducted with a grounded theory approach to qualitative research methodology with the purpose of outlining the understanding of: 1) The concept of Positive school Climate, 2) Challenges in keeping a positive school climate and, 3) The ways to meet them; as perceived by Principals, administrators and teachers. The sampling was purposive where Principals, administrators and teachers having an academic experience of at least 10 years, from 30 different CBSE English medium schools in Jaipur with a student strength of 1500-2000, and 30-40:1 student-teacher ratio were taken as sample. Data was collected by face to face individual open ended in-depth interviews from 53 Principals and administrators and 160 teachers in four months. Questions targeted the responses about the understanding of concept of positive schooling, the challenges and active ways to meet them. The data was analysed using content analysis at the manifest level. Three categories were formed to analyse the content pertaining to the three sub-purposes. The results indicated emergence of 'Increasing Parental Influence' 'Over ambitiousness of parents' and 'Lack of Teacher Training' as the most important challenges to be met. For meeting these challenges, (I) Increased implementation of training and education programs for teachers focusing on: (a) Enhancing Emotional Quotient(EQ) of the teachers, and (b) Awareness of psychological issues and needs of a child; (2) awareness programs for parents, and (3) Flexibility in administration, were highlighted.

Pages:587-590
Vinayak M. Honmore (Department of Psychology, Smt. Mathubai Garware Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Sangli, Maharashtra ) M. G. Jadhav (Department of Psychology, K. B. P. College, Urun-Islampur, Sangli, Maharashtra)

The current study was an endeavour to explore the differences in self-efficacy and emotional intelligence among the college youth with respect to their family type and between genders. It was also intended to assess the relationship between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. The purposive sample of this study comprised of 120 students of first year degree college of Arts, Commerce and Science, 60 from joint and 60 from nuclear family. Both groups include 30 male and 30 female youth. The sample was studied by using Self-efficacy Scale (Mathur & Bhatnagar, 2012) and Emotional Intelligence Test (Sharma, 2011). The independent sample t test revealed significant differences in self-efficacy, and total and handling relations dimension of emotional intelligence of college youth in relation to their family type showing nuclear family youth are higher on self-efficacy while joint family youth score more on total and handling relations dimension of emotional intelligence. The study also depicted significant gender differences in self-efficacy and total emotional intelligence indicating male youth are higher on self-efficacy and total emotional intelligence than female youth. The domain-wise analysis of data shows similar trends in terms of self-awareness, motivating oneself, empathy and handling relations except managing emotions. Pearson's correlation showed significant and positive association between self-efficacy, and total and self-awareness, managing emotions and handling relations dimensions of emotional intelligence.

Pages:577-582
Seena N. S. (Consultant Psychologist and Panel Psychologist for Juvenile Justice Institution, Kottayam The Social Justice Department, Govt. of Kerala and Doctoral Research Scholar, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore) Sundaram Suresh (HOD, Department of Applied Psychology, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu) Vidhya Ravindranadan (Post Graduate, Department of Psychology Union Christian College, Aluva, Kerala)

Yoga literally means 'union' in Sanskrit which is the union of mind (psyche), body (soma) and energy (Prana). The present study is meant to assess emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and well-being of yoga practitioners and also to understand the relationship of variables under study. Sample consists of regular yoga practitioners (with 3 or more years of practice) and non practitioners. The three study variables used are emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and subjective well-being. Tools used in the study are Emotional Intelligence Inventory (EII), Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI). Subjective Well-Being Inventory (SWBI). Data was analyzed using 't' test and Pearson's correlation. The major findings of the study are that there are significant positive differences for yoga practitioners when compared to non practitioners in all the three study variables. And also found that there are significant positive correlations among all the main study variables.

Pages:564-571
Manoj Kumar Pandey and Pankaj Tripathi (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh )

The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the relationships between positive approaches (positive outlook, optimism, health esteem & external health locus of control) and coping with the emotional and behavioural consequences of disease in cancer and AIDS patients, (b) to find out the best predictors among positive approaches that reduced the impact of emotional and behavioural consequences of associated with one's disease.(c) Moderating role of satisfaction in positive approaches (positive outlook, optimism, health esteem & external health locus of control) and coping with the emotional and behavioural consequences of disease. The sample consisted of 100 people suffering from terminal illness such as Cancer and AIDS. Both male and female from rural and urban settings were taken for this study within the age range of 20 to 80 years with mean score 35.73 years. The education level of the patients within the range of illiterate to post graduate. Two type of the scale were used in this study. First scale comprises of emotional focused coping and problem focused coping. Further, emotional focused coping scale was the combination of two sub scale i.e. positive outlook and health esteem. While, problem focused coping was the combination of two sub scale i.e. optimism and health locus of control. Second scale for assess the emotional (negative feelings) and behavioural (hopelessness) consequences associated with one's disease. All these scales were based on Likert 5-point rating scale and have a high reliability coefficient. The results of the study revealed that there is a negative correlation between emotional focused coping with emotional and behavioural consequences associated with terminal illness. There is no significant difference was found between problem focused coping with emotional consequences (negative feelings) but a significant negative relationships with behavioural consequences (hopelessness). Another important findings of this study is that emotional focused coping approach has been found the best predictor for minimizing the effect of negative feelings and a sense of hopelessness among patients. On the other hand, health esteem as a dimension of emotional focused coping and optimism as problem focused coping strategies were emerged as the best predictors of the negative feelings while, health esteem become the best predictor in case of minimizing the feelings of hopelessness in patients.

Pages:554-557
Mansi Verma (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) Salma Seth (Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College University of Delhi, Delhi ) Narendra K. Chadha (Faculty of Behavioral and Social Science Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana )

Over the past few decades, increase in life expectancy has facilitated longevity of family members but decreasing fertility rates have reduced the number of members to support each other, thereby giving birth to more complex family structures. This change in inter-personal dynamics has instigated major scientific attention towards its possible implication on various facets of intergenerational relationships and family life. Although the Theory of Intergenerational Solidarity and Theory of Ambivalence, have been by far the most widely utilized theoretical contributions, borrowed from social sciences, for conceptualization of this interpersonal exchange, however, they do not essentially cover all the underlying dynamics and therefore it is argued that still a need exists for theoretical guidance and further consolidation of the discipline, specially from the psychological and developmental perspective. With this respect, in the present article, the usefulness of the concept of generativity, from Erikson's theory of life span development, is reviewed and its contributions, limitations and prospects for understanding intergenerational relationships have been explored.

Pages:542-546
Talieh Eslami and Ladan Hashemi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran )

The main objective of this research is to investigate the parenting styles in families with emotional divorce and comparing it with the normal and formal divorced families. In present research, the parenting styles are dependent variables which are analyzed in normal, emotionally divorced and formally divorced families. The sample included 525 girl and boy students in grade 1 of high school, in district 1, Shiraz city, with their parents without any problems and the parents involved in formal and emotional divorces which is selected using a clustering random sampling method. In order to recognize the families involved in emotional divorce, their score was considered in emotional divorce. For investigating the parenting styles, the Young's parenting styles questionnaire was used. After completing theses scales by the sample, the data collected in a causal-comparative procedure were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS. The findings implied that there is no significant difference between mothers' parenting styles in formal, emotional divorced and normal families. While, there is significant difference between fathers' parenting styles dimensions in formal, emotional divorced and normal families. Therefore, the differences between these 3 groups are insignificant in deprivation, abandonment, unreliability, vulnerability and merit and in other dimensions are significant.

Pages:535-538
Sadollah Abpeyma and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran )

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of emotional intelligence and mental health based on Islamic lifestyle in students of Payame Noor University of kharameh. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The sample consisted of 300 students (150 female & 150 male) who were selected by available sampling method. The participants of Golman Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (GHQ) Goldberg completed the Kaviani Eslami Life Style Questionnaire. In this research, Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods were used. The results showed that components of Islamic lifestyle predict students' emotional intelligence, In considering the relationship between the predictive power of students' mental health and the components of lifestyle according to the results, it can be seen that the moral variable (p=0.0001) can predict the mental health of students. There is also a significant difference between the male and female students' lifestyles in the results.

Pages:528-530
Kazem Khezli (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Farazmand Kalantari (Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University Ahvaz, Iran) Ali Fadami (Department of Psychology, Bushehr Branch Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran) Soheyla Amir Gholami (Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and parents' happiness with mental health of preschool children. The research method is descriptive correlational and the statistical population is the parents whose children are studying in preschools. In this research, the sample size was estimated using the formula of 118 people. Finally, using a simple random sampling, 118 individuals were selected as the sample. Bamrind parenting styles, Oxford Happiness Inventory and Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to measure variables. Analysis of the results by Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and mental health components. Also, correlation test, ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test showed that there was a significant relationship between the components of happiness and mental health of children and if happiness is a type of life satisfaction, the mental health of children will also be good.