Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Pages: 164-171
Sumit Kumar Das (Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka)
Mariamma Philip (Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka)
Binu V.S (Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka)
Paulomi M. Sudhir (Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka)

The Hewitt-Flett multidimensional perfectionism scale (HMPS) was developed three decades ago and is one of the most extensively used measures in investigation on perfectionism. However, its factor structure remains unconfirmed. The objective of the exercise is to critically review methodological issues of the existing literature on the factor structure of the HMPS. Acomprehensive literature review was carried out using Google scholar, PubMed, Psychinfo from July 1991 to May 2020using the keywords 'perfectionism', 'Hewitt-Flett', 'Factor structure', 'construct validity'. Articles were included in the systematic review if they reported factor-structure validation of HMPS, article was in full length and accessible in full length were included in this study. The systematic search yielded five articles in the final review. The review indicated methodological concerns such as inadequate samples, ignoring gender differences, choice of incorrect matrix for factor analysis (FA), inappropriate extraction and rotation method in exploratory FA (EFA), incorrect estimation method and fit statistics in confirmatory FA (CFA). This study tried to address approaches that are likely to help researchers to arrive at the hypothesized factor structure of HMPS accurately in future.

Pages: 179-185
Simran Singla and Vanshika Beri (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

An exploratory research was done to compare people with different levels of wisdom (& its components) on OCB. An online survey gathered data from two twenty-five private-sector HR employees from Delhi-NCR. The analysis was done using SPSS 20. It was found out that there is a significant difference in people with high and low levels of experience, emotional regulation, humor, reflectivity, and openness with respect to the OCB. Overall wisdom does seem to interact with OCB, but no such interaction was found with respect to gender and OCB. There was no significant interaction between gender and wisdom with respect to OCB. Finally, all the dimensions of wisdom and the overall level of wisdom had significant positive relation with OCB in both females and males.

Pages: 191-196
Neeraj Agarwal (Ex Psychologist, Tulasi Psychiatric and Rehabilitation Centre, Chatarpur, New Delhi)
Parth Sarthi (Sanskriti School, New Delhi)

Yoga and mindfulness are gaining promising empirical support as a potential intervention for ADHD. Considering the growing trend of using these interventions on ADHD individuals and probable positive effects of these interventions on ADHD symptoms, this review paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of these interventions on children and adolescents with ADHD through the review of earlier studies. Though findings suggest Yoga and mindfulness are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms, improving sleep, anxiety, and parent-child relationship, indicating that these treatments can be very economical and effective management tools for ADHD diagnosed children and adolescents and their families, these findings cannot be generalized due to significant methodological limitations. Further extensive, methodologically rigorous research is needed to verify the effectiveness of these modalities on ADHD children

Pages: 203-209
Poonam Saha (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)
Asmita Karmakar ( UGC Senior research fellow, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)
Aparajita Chakroborty (Department of Psychology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal )
Anindita Mukherjee (Clinical Psychologist, Department of Health and Family Welfare, West Bengal)
Manisha Bhattacharya (Clinical Psychologist, Autism Society, West Bengal)
Samannita Lala (Psychologist, Kolkata, West Bengal)
Hillol Mukherjee (Institute of Advance Studies in Education, Tripura)
Atanu Kumar Dogra (Department of Psychology University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)
Jishnu Bhattacharya (Neuropsychiatrist, Suri Sadar Hospital, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of West Bengal, West Bengal)
Ashis Mukhopadhyay (Department of Psychiatry, West Bengal Medical Education Service, West Bengal)

The purpose of the present study was to construct a tool to measure academic engagement among school students and to test the tool's usability. An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted in this tool construction. The processes include - conceptualization and generation of items with five-point responses, relevant judgement of these items, item validity and identification of factor hierarchical structure, determining psychometric properties of tool. The study was done based on 401 adolescent school students of Tripura state of India, selected through purposive sampling technique and statistical analyses was done using IBM SPSS 22.The S-CVI results show .87 ( S-CVI/average) which indicates high content validity of overall academic engagement scale. EFA on this scale reveals a) initiation, b) Maintaining attention, c)using engagement strategy d) exploration e) Outcome Analysis f)Persistence g) Disengagement Strategy making h) valence in academic process as 8 components among 49 items. Two second order components 'Perceived valence of academic process' and 'execution' were extracted from these eight factors. Satisfactory Internal consistency of 8 principal components using Cronbach Alpha (.632 -.768) were found. The tool is effective in assessing the academic engagement of adolescent school students.

Pages: 213-217
Parvinder Kaur, Jatinder Kaur Gulati, and Prachi Bisht (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab.)

The present paper on “Emotional Autonomy as Risk or Protective Factor towards Social Adjustment of Adolescents” tries to investigate the contribution of emotional autonomy towards social adjustment of adolescents. The research was conducted on 240 adolescents (120 males & 120 females) belonging to two parent intact families. The Emotional Autonomy Scale by Steinberg and Silverberg (1986) was used to assess emotional autonomy among adolescents Social Adjustment Inventory by Deva (1990) was used for the assessment of social adjustment among adolescents. Males were found to be significantly more emotional autonomous as compared to their female counterparts. Males highly perceived their parents as people, de-idealized from their parents at lower level, were more emotionally independent and were highly individualized as compared to their female counterparts. Males were socially well adjusted and significantly more mature than females. As per the results emotional autonomy acted as a protective factor towards social adjustment of adolescents irrespective of gender. However its contribution towards social adjustment was significantly greater in males as compared to females.

Pages: 227-233
Irfan Fayaz (Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh )

The present research tries to investigate the effect of intervention on aggression and self-harmthrough general meditation for peace, forgiveness, and gratitude. The present study tries to examine the effects of meditation on aggression and self-harm among adolescent girls of Kashmir. Pre and post interventional method was designed for (50) fifty adolescents girls, among them (n = 36) were subjected to experimental group and 14 were subjected to control group. Using convenient sampling method, one private school of Kashmir valley from Srinagar was selected for the research purpose. Two measures including Self Harm Inventory by Sansone, McLean, and Wiederman (1998) and Aggression questionnaire by Buss and Perry, was administered for pre and post assessment purpose. In experimental group three dimensions of aggression showed statistically significant difference on pre and post assessment scores i.e. physical aggression (t = 3.1, p<0.01), anger (t = 2.3, p<0.05) and hostility (2.8, p<0.01), no difference was seen on pre and post intervention scores of verbal aggression. Self harm was found to have statistically significant difference on pre and post assessment scores, i.e., (t = 3.177, p<0.01). on the other hand no difference was found on any dimension of aggression and self harm in control group. The study showed that by practicing meditation adolescents can manage aggressive and self-harm behaviours. Meditation decreased aggression and increased their quality of life by reducing their self-harm.It also helped them to reduce their aggressive behaviours through forgiveness and gratitude. By practicing meditation adolescent girls can improve quality of their life.

Pages: 237-240
Alisha Chauhan and Sukhmani (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The idea of social responsibility of business - famously named 'Corporate Social Responsibility' (CSR) - is in no way, an ongoing marvel, yet numerous onlookers agree that the globalization has prodded its development and unmistakable quality. Regardless of the monstrous advantages observed by the corporate segment from liberalization and privatization processes, the change of the division from philanthropic mindsets to CSR has been lagging behind its great monetary development. This article discusses the concept of CSR, benefits of CSR to businesses and a few examples of CSR focused on uplifting rural population in Punjab state of India

Pages: 245-251
Nandini B. (Department of Psychology, SDM PG Centre, Ujire, Dakshina Kannada)
Navyashree G. C. (Department of PG Studies and Research in Psychology, SDM PG Centre, Ujire)

Tobacconists play a key role in the ongoing tobacco epidemic, as the fact conveys tobacco consumption is harmful to health, the one who sells the harmful substance to the general public are tobacconists which gives a negative opinion that influences their perception about oneself and their occupation. The present study is aimed at studying subjective well-being; self-evaluation of life of tobacconist, participants of the study include 30 tobacco consuming tobacconist and 30 tobacco non-consuming tobacconists, employed purposive sampling method, as a product of numerical data and inferential statistics data analysis. The result shows Tobacconists stands in the dilemma, wherein they perceive it as a business. Yet, the business is causing harm to people and giving a negative opinion, which affects them. Every business's objective would be earning money, here also applies the same. Negative opinions or judgment about one's occupation would affect well-being as a whole.

Pages: 258-260
Samhita K. and Pooja Varma (Department of Psychology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka)

During crucial globally challenging circumstances like a pandemic, mindlessness or mind wandering may prove to be detrimental to well-being and mental health. To tackle this problem, psychologists opt for an age-old practice called Mindfulness, which involves being fully present in the moment and not letting the mind be influenced by internal trains of thought. In this paper, different time-tested and avant-garde techniques of mindfulness are explored based on the empirical evidence gathered for the same. It seems reasonable to conclude that mindfulness is a successful technique to combat mind wandering. Mindfulness brings with it a host of benefits like alleviation of anxiety, stress, depression and enhancement of emotional regulation and happiness.

Pages: 267-273
Priyanka Sreekanth (Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka)

The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between humor styles and self-discrepancy among emerging adults in India. Humor styles and self-discrepancy were measured in a sample of 200 individuals residing in Bengaluru and Chennai (aged 18 - 25, M=22.28), using the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin et al.,2003) and the Self Concept Questionnaire- Conventional Constructs (Watson, 2004). The data was analyzed with SPSS, using Chi-square test for association, Spearman's rank-order correlation and Mann-whitney U test. Findings revealed that there was a significant association between the humor style most used/ humor style least used and the 2 2 magnitude of self-discrepancy respectively (χ =12.55, p=0.5; χ =15.80, p=0.1).However,therewas no statistically significant relationship between any of the humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, self-defeating) and self-discrepancy (rs = -0.01, p = 0.84; rs = -0.07, p = 0.30; rs = -0.13, p = 0.06; rs = -0.00, p = 0.92). Furthermore, it was found that emerging adults in India use more adaptive humor than non-adaptive humor, and that males scored significantly higher than females in aggressive and self-defeating humor styles (U = 2732, p = 0.00; U = 3599, p = 0.010). Results also showed that people rated themselves significantly higher on positive traits than on neutral and negative traits (U = 24.50, p = 0.00). More studies may aspire to investigate concepts such as humor and self-concept in relation to Indian culture in order to promote psychological well-being and human understanding.