IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Pages: 173-178
Harleen Kaur and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana)

The present study was conducted to assess the gender differences regarding mobile usage among hostlers and dayscholar adolescents. The study was comprised of 200 adolescents (100 hostlers and 100 dayscholars) belonging to middle socio-economic status in 17-18 years of age range, randomly selected from two colleges of Punjab Agricultural University of Ludhiana city. Further the sample was equally distributed over the two sexes (50 boys and 50 girls) from hostlers and dayscholars. Socio- Economic Status Scale by Meenakshi (2010) was used to determine the socio-economic status of adolescents. A self structured Mobile Usage Questionnaire was used to assess the mobile usage among adolescents. Results revealed that significantly higher percentage of hostler male adolescents used mobile phone more for surfing internet, different websites and e-mailing features as compared to females whereas dayscholar females used mobile phone more for text messaging as compared to males who used mobile phone mainly for internet and different websites. As per the duration of mobile usage is concerned, male hostlers spent significantly more time on mobile phone for chatting and different websites followed by pass time, text messaging, assignments, download music, films and pictures, e-mailing and general awareness while dayscholar males spent more time on mobile phone for downloading music, films and pictures and assignment purpose as compared to females.

Pages: 184-189
Preetika (Government College for Girls Panchkula, Haryana)
Ravneet Chawla (Department of Human Development & Family Relations Government Home Science College, Chandigarh)

A healthy pattern of living calls for satisfaction of objectives of one's life and determining fulfillment at each phase of his life compass however the genesis of disgrace towards the elderly yields up on the grounds that they don't stay sufficiently deft to adapt to the way of life of modern society. The structure of way of life set up amid adulthood, starts to change with the onset of old age. The aging experience incorporates the contemplations, emotions and activities of the elderly. The old age welcomes transitions that affect their adjustment patterns. The objective of this research paper hence, was to explore the predominant adjustment issues amid old age and positive coping strategies adopted by the elderly. The literature review taken from different sources mainly tossed light upon the changes that originate from aging. The elderly experience decrease in their ability that incorporates their loss of physical quality and working, conceptive limit and get to be inclined to assaults of different maladies. The social alteration issues extensively concerned the zones of depression, relocation, conjugal status and material neediness. Changing Indian financial situation has influenced the foundation of family by lessening its ability to deal with its older members. Case studies, observations and interviews of welfare officers were therefore, conducted to look upon the changing trends in the lifestyle patterns of elderly. Detachment and maladjustment, self-sufficient support system, pensions after retirement, acceptance of transitions in societal systems were the recent trends cited among the elderly. Lifestyle changes have therefore, emerged in the paper, which can recuperate the elderly from any maladjustments and guide other individuals for healthy alternates during their old age.

Pages: 198-204
Rupali Joshi (School of Social Sciences, Uttrakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital)

Late adolescence, a period from eighteen to about twenty-two years is a period when transition from school to college takes place and thus is a highly stressful transitional phase. The developmental tasks during this period involve preparing for a career, achieving socially responsible behavior, building a sound personality, developing healthy attitude towards marriage and family life and formation of identity. Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration. Alienation refers to the condition in which a person is cut off from his own real or natural self, from reality and from the society and other fellow beings. Social support has been described as both buffer against life stressors as well as an agent promoting health and wellness. The sample consisted of 201 students (101 boys and 100 girls). The tools were Beck Depression Inventory (Arora & Prashant, 1988), Student Alienation Scale (Sharma, 1988) and Social Support Scale (Arora & Kumar, 1988). Both boys and girls display similar levels of depression and alienation. Among girls, depression was negatively correlated with various areas of social support but not among boys.

Pages: 211-214
Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani and Firdos Jehan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The aim of the present study was to examine sensation seeking and impulsivity among college going students. The main objectives of the current study were to (i) Examine sensation seeking among college going boys and girls (ii) Examine impulsivity among college going boys and girls (iii) Examine gender differences on these traits(iv) Examine relationships among the mentioned variables and. A sample of 122 college going students (Boys=87, Girls=35) were selected students from one of the private coaching centers at Aligarh City using convenient sampling method. The measures used were 1) Sociodemographic Date Sheet 2) Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman, 1994) and 3) Impulsivity Scale (Barrett, 1994). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like mean, SD and inferential statistics like t test and co relational analysis was used to examine the relationships between the variables. The findings indicate an insignificant gender differences on sensation seeking and impulsivity. The relationship between sensation seeking and impulsivity were insignificant. The study highlights the need to explore the narrowing gap in some of the traits which are traditionally associated with males and females.

Pages: 219-225
Mekhla Chadha (Litchi Knowledge Center, Delhi)
Neelam Pandey (AIPS, Amity University, Noida, UP)

Everyday an individual is faced with multiple hurdles. The only factor that sets apart a winner from the others is how they respond to the situation that presents itself in front of them. Teaching refers to the process of imparting knowledge and skills from a teacher to a learner. It encompasses the activities of educating or instructing. It is an act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. Quality of life is the Individuals satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) with the cultural or intellectual conditions under which they live. It is one of the important aspects of individual's life that influences the person's Performance and growth. It affects both the personal and professional aspects. Life is full of challenges on a daily basis. With the advent of workplace psychology movement, emphasis has shifted onto study of those variables that enhance the quality of life of teachers and researchers are working hard to uncover the relationships between them Gender difference in these characteristics is important to be studied to see how people of both sexes respond to various challenging situations The current study aimed at comparing the workplace stress and quality of life of government and non-government secondary school teachers. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the workplace and quality of life of government and non-government secondary school teachers. The study reported no significant difference among government and non-government secondary school teachers' social quality of life. The study provides an opportunity for further research across age and gender to uncover the possible differences or similarities that may be present. Also it adds to the already existing data pool with equivocal studies.

Pages: 230-234
Jagdish Duhan (Department of Geography, Govt. College, Barwala, Hisar, Haryana)

The growth of urban areas and engulfing of villages in the city boundaries is a reality of the continuous process of urbanization in India. Gurgaon's laissez faire development saw many of these urban villages being left as ugly eye sores with no addressal of growth and development of the existing villages. The Gurgaon Municipal Corporation consists of 28 such urban villages (Table 1.3). These villages represent an area of transitional combination of both urban and rural. They have marginal characteristics not only with respect to the land use but also with respect to degree of acceptance of urban norms and customes. Provision of water, sanitation, drainage and the safe disposal of waters is a challenge for maintaining good housing and living conditions of the villages as well as to health. An attempt has been made to analyses the situation of water and sanitation in the urban village of Gurgaon. . The present study is an attempt to focus on the existing gaps in terms of safe drinking water and sanitation in such urban villages of the Gurgaon Municipal Corporation.

Pages: 238-241
Sunil S. Jadav (Department of Psychology, S. P. University, V.V. Nagar, Gujarat)


Main purpose of the research is to find out the sexual satisfaction among employees so investigator selected two groups one is Baroda districts employee and other is Surat districts employee, both groups have 240 employees. In each group has 120 Baroda and other one groups has 120 Surat districts employee. Data were collected from Baroda and Surat districts. Scale was use for data collection is personal datasheet and sexual satisfaction scale developed by Pramodkumar (1987). 2x2x2 factorial design was used and data were analysis by ANOVA test. Result show, Types of districts had no impact on the sexual satisfaction of employees. Types of companies had significant impact on the depression of employees. The depression of chemical companies employees are high than the Pharmaceutical companies employee. Types of experience had significant impact on the depression of employees. The depression of employees whose experience of less than 12 year are high than the employees whose experience of more than 12 year. There are no any interaction effect between types of districts, companies and experience on sexual satisfaction.

Pages: 244-252
Shakti Desh (Child cum Rehabilitation Psychologist, Sahara Welfare Foundation, Academic Achiever Project, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

A person with dyspraxia has problems with movement, coordination, judgment, processing, memory and some other cognitive skills. Dyspraxia also affects the body's immune and nervous systems. Dyspraxia is also known as Motor Learning Difficulties, Perceptuo-Motor Dysfunction, and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Master X, 8+ yrs old, class 2nd was randomly screened out by the class teacher through Behavioural checklist for screening the learning disabled. With following complains: poor hand writing, inattentive, makes careless mistakes in studies, poor concentration, over all poor academic performance and very low confidence level, emotional & cries easily, etc. Here, an attempt was made to apply the therapeutic handling techniques to correct and see the impact of these techniques on the selected child with the diagnosis of Dyspraxia with co-morbid attention deficit Hyperactivity. To see the impact of pre and post therapeutic effects (after 6 months) method was used by the investigator. Psycho-educational assessment details report reveals that before intervention his full IQ range was 53 but after interventions this score increased & it was 84. Table 2 Diagnostic test of learning Disability scored score also shows tremendous variation. As we know that IQ can not increase or decreased so as per observations & experience it may be concluded that due to poor Fine motor skills and problem in expressive language dyspraxic child obtained poor score in psycho-educational evaluation.

Pages: 257-261
Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Quran is the message from Allah that was revealed on Prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H) in a span of 23 years. Quran and Prophet Mohammed's actions (Sunnah) are the core of Islam. The purpose of Qur'anic message is to guide human kind in all spheres of their life and thereby improve human condition and quality of life. Guidance in a broader sense means changes in people's beliefs and subsequently their actions. Reverting to Islam is also guidance and doing any action which brings either one's own or others' welfare in a just way is also guidance. Human beliefs , thoughts and attitudes often refer to as cognitions and overt actions are known as behaviors. Quran aims to bring positive changes in one's beliefs and actions which will ultimately lead to positive changes at an individual and at social level. Allah in Quran clearly states that Prophet Mohammed is the role model for all of us in all spheres of life. Allah wants human beings to become responsible and pro active beings for their own behaviors. Negative psychological states like blaming others, fault finding tendencies and defensive strategies to ward off undesirable behaviors are strongly condemned in Quran. It aims to make people aware about their own behaviors, feel and take responsibilities of what they do. Quran advocates the principle of self-responsibility and inspires people to be proactive and responsible agents to bring positive change. This paper will attempt to integrate Quran and behavioral and cognitive approach in a scientific way to bring changes in human thoughts and behaviors.

Pages: 265-271
Neena Sawhney and Sneh Bansal (Chandigarh College of Education, Landran, Mohali, Punjab)

Any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being is considered as a disability. The World Health Organization estimates that about 15% of the world's population has some sort of disability and that 75% of people with disabilities live in developing countries. Nearly ninety percent of the disability is acquired which can be prevented if timely measures are taken. Disability Policy Scholars describe four different historical and social models of disability: 1) Moral model of disability which regards disability as the result of sin; 2) Medical model of disability which regards disability as a defect or sickness which must be cured through medical intervention; 3) Rehabilitation model, an offshoot of the medical model, which regards the disability as a deficiency that must be fixed by a rehabilitation professional or other helping professional; and 4) The Disability model, under which the problem is defined as a dominating attitude of professionals, inadequate support services , attitudinal, architectural, sensory, cognitive, and economic barriers etc. Disability prevention includes all actions taken to reduce the occurrence of impairment (First Level Prevention) and its development into a functional limitation (Second level prevention) and to prevent the transition of functional limitation to disability (Third Level prevention). Individuals with disabilities should be valued and accepted by recognizing their rights as an individual. They need to learn to control their own behaviors to rank among in the community. Self management strategies are developed for this purpose. These strategies include antecedent cue regulation, self-instruction, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement. In the present paper, an attempt has made to define disability, prevalence, management and treatment, effectiveness of self-management strategies on teaching various behaviors to individuals with disabilities and services provided by community based rehabilitation. Services include early intervention, non-formal and integrated education, vocational training, and preparation for independent living, employment, community education and prevention.

Pages: 275-280
Mansi Giridhar Karajgaonkar (Department of Psychology, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra)

There are many stress symptoms. The most common are physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms. To study the effect of pranayama a group of 41cases selected. The age group was from 30 years to 55 years including 24 males and 17 females. To study the effect of pranayama techniques as under that Vajrasana. Steps of puraka, antar-kumbhaka, rechaka, bahya-kumbhaka at the ratio of 4:2:5:2. This comprises one respiratory cycle. The table shows mean difference is 6.43 and standard deviation is 1.55. The t value is 26.62 and it is significant at .001 levels. On the basis of above findings and present study, one can say that the pranayama is practiced in vajrasana. In vajrasana the metabolism of the body is increased. In pranayama, the concentration of oxygen in blood is increased.

Pages: 284-288
Jagdish Duhan (Department of Geography, Govt. College, Barwala, Hisar, Haryana)

The drinking water has become major problem in all towns of the world, which are having immense population pressure. Incidentally, they are not equipped to face challenges of drinking water scarcity. Water has used for multiple purposes in human life. It is a critical input for the survival of human being, livestock, plants and mankind. Drinking water becomes an important and critical factor in public health and economic development in most parts of the world. Provision of safe and adequate water supply is the most significant function of the urban local bodies. The provision of safe and adequate water is universally recognized as a social right. Water, which is essential for life, growth and health, can also be a source of spread of diseases and cause of ill health, if contaminated or improperly handled and stored. Safe drinking water plays a major role in the overall well being of the people with a significant bearing on infant mortality rate, longevity and productivity. The present paper reviews on drinking water and its impact on human health.