IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Pages: 319-324
Anjana Bhattacharjee and Sukriti Banda (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Tripura)

Depression, the silent killer has become one of the alarming crises in today's fast paced society. Depression may occur due to existence of different psychological or physiological illness as well as it can get induced from the medications prescribed for those illnesses. Depression is commonly associated with HIV/AIDS. The main objective of the present study was to examine whether level of depression differs according to biological sex or not? Hence the present study was carried out among male (N=28) and female (N=39) HIV positive persons and all of them (N=67) were selected purposively from ART centre, G.B.P Hospital, Agartala, the capital of Tripura. All of them belonged to the age group of 14 to 60 years and data were collected from them through face to face interview technique. For data collection, Basic Information Schedule and Back Depression Inventory were used. The findings indicated no gender differences among the HIV infected persons in regard to their level of depression.

Pages: 331-335
Rohtash Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana )

Emotional intelligence appeared as an important construct in prediction of personal, academic and career success. Empirical studies investigated the relationship of emotional intelligence with numerous psychosocial factors and revealed its significance in various fields including mental health and well-being. The present study is an attempt in this direction to examine the relationship of emotional intelligence and emotional maturitywith well-being, and to ascertain to the contribution of emotional intelligence and emotional maturity in well-being. Sample consisted of 200 (94 male + 106 female) participants drawn from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. The participants were assessed with Emotional Intelligence Scale, Emotional Maturity Scale and General Well-being Index. The zero order correlation revealed that emotional intelligence, and emotional regression and lack of independence measures of emotional maturity is found to have significant relationship with well-being. Multiple regression analysis revealed that emotional intelligence and emotional maturity yielded significant contribution in predicting general well-being.

Pages: 343-348
Sujeet Kumar and Md Iftekhar Hossain (Department of Psychology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar)

It is a common notion held by policymakers, practitioners, and the general public is that the major cause of criminal behavior is problems in the family and it is considered by them that the family a critical ingredient in a child's subsequent involvement in crime. Researchers have undertaken a number of investigations to better understand the relationship between various family factors and crime. During the review of literature it is found out that rapid population growth, the unavailability of housing and support services, poverty, unemployment and underemployment among youth, the decline in the authority of local communities, overcrowding in poor urban areas, the disintegration of the family, and ineffective educational systems are some of the pressures young people must deal with. It is inferred hat there has been a large amount of research bearing, in some way, on the relationship between family factors and criminal behavior. Our purpose of the present investigation was to ascertain the relative strength and consistency of family factors as a predictor and as a target for crime The present paper explored the relationship between size of the family, type of the family and locale. Given the breadth and scope of these areas, it has not been possible to produce an exhaustive review of research. The search parameters were guided by strict time constraints, whilst the research method involved numerous combinations of search terms using web-based search engines and the journals, documents and relevant research. Some international research was incorporated, where available, to augment the discussion. On the basis of results and discussions it is concluded that family constellations are important in the development of antisocial behavior and poverty in urban area, inequality, disrupted families, inadequate socialization, and the presence of criminal opportunities all seem to be important correlates of crime.

Pages: 354-359
Ashok Parasar (Department of Psychotherapy, Ankur Rehab Center, Dharmpuri, Ujjain, Indore, M.P.)
Dinesh Naik (N.V.P. Mandals Arts, Commerarce & Sciences Collage, Lasalgaon, Nashik, Maharastra)
Pramod Gupta (Director, CIIMHANS, Dewada, Rajnadgaon, C.G.)
Ashok Kumar Patel (Clinical Epidemiology Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi)
Ajay Maurya and Varun Kumar Srivatav (Ankur Rehab Center, Dharmpuri, Indore, M.P.)

Families often bear a substantial amount of the burden of any illness in a relative and this is true in schizophrenia. Families no longer consider them self a cause but still are obligated to care for their children. A large body of literature explores the familial interactions and clinical course of schizophrenia (Tasman, 2003). Here it's a huge problem of coping of care givers schizophrenia. Coping style is a person's characteristic strategies used in response to life problems or trauma. These can include thoughts, emotions or behaviour. The term coping refers to the process by which a person attempts to manage stressful demands. The aim of the present study was to explore the coping strategies of caregivers of Schizophrenia patients. The sample size of the study is 60 caregivers of schizophrenic patients. The tools used for assessing the variables are Socio Demographic Data Sheet (Self made), General Health Questionnaire, and The Cope Scale. Suggests Emotion-Focused Coping was mostly used by the caregivers of schizophrenic patients.

Pages: 363-368
Tejbeer Kaur (Department of Psychology, Khalsa College, Patiala)

There has been increasing interest in adult attachment from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. It was conceptualized as the affective connection between two individuals that provides them with a firm emotional foundation from which they can interact with the world. In this review, we present theoretical issues related to adult attachment, in particular, individual differences, working models, and the role of attachment in adult romantic life. The literature review examined topics such as relations between childhood experiences and adult attachment status, and adult attachment and adult personality and functioning, parenting and partnership behavior. Attachment styles was classified into two categories, i.e., secure and insecure (anxious and avoidance). Studies indicate that securely attached individuals are trusting, happy, have better communication and conflict resolution skills than insecure individuals hence better marital satisfaction.

Pages: 374-378
Anwaar Mohyuddin and Nasra Khan (Department of Anthropology, Quaid iAzam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

The paper deals with the information regarding symbolic representation of green color among Muslims. The data presented in this paper has been collected by using qualitative anthropological research techniques which mainly include participant observation and in depth interviews. Field research was conducted in Batkhela Baba Ji, located in the village Batkhela Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The first objective of the study was to know people's perception towards green color, that's how this color symbolizes the concepts and personality of an individual. The second objective was to find out the importance of green color in in religion specific in Islam. Third objective was to know the cultural importance of the green color that whether people culturally attach with this symbol or not. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand that how people spiritually attached with green color and symbolize their lives with it. In this regards most of the Muslims associate Islam with green color to give some sort of Quranic Verses and Hadith. The color green is not only influence Muslims spiritually, but also impacts in cultural context. This thing can be found in different rituals among Sufi Muslims who use green color in their specific rituals. The aim of the study is to know about physical and mental effects of green color with soothing, relaxing, help, depression alleviation, self-control and harmony. This paper also interprets the meaning and utilization of green color is varies from one society or region to another. According to cultural perspective it is usually used in dressing, wedding and in other rituals.

Pages: 384-387
Balwan Singh (Department of Geography, Govt. College, Hisar, Haryana)

The problems raised due to excess use of chemicals in agriculture are increasing their extent very rapidly. This system of agriculture has created many health problems, reduction in soil productivity, contamination of chemical in food products and water, decrease in yield, and ultimately degradation of environment. The organic farming can be the best substitute of this agriculture system. Today adoption of organic farming is compulsion for sustainability in agriculture in India and world. Use of bio-fertilizer, bio-pests and local seed, re-orientation of local knowledge to cultivate with eco-friendly methods and old practices and use of local resources can save us from the ill-effects of chemical agriculture. Many studies reveal that it is best practice for small land holder farmers and in rain fed area. Results of organic farming are very inspiring. A huge quantity of organic products is exported to international market. But high cost of products, certification problem, lack of local manures and pests, lack of financial support, shortage of domestic market are major problems that can demoralize the status of organic farming in India. With some suspensions, it can help India in its sustainable development of agriculture with minimization of these problems and proper organisation of organic farming.

Pages: 391-393
Puneet Tokas and Parveen Kadiyan (Department of Physical Education, D.N. College, Hisar, Haryana)

Each and every country develops its own innovation and techniques, tactics and strategies for exhibiting top level performance so as to emerge winner and champion of sports. The basic fitness at international level and even at national level is quite improving as is the widest majority of participation largely due to scientific training schedule. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of balance coordinative ability on kicking accuracy in football. 30 male football players of Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra were selected as subjects for this study. The necessary data was collected by administering balance ability and for determination kicking ability Harban Singh Dribbling and goal shooting test was administered. To find out significant relationship of four Coordinative abilities to kicking accuracy product moment correlation was employed. For testing hypothesis the level significant was set at 0.05. There was significant relationship between kicking accuracy and balance ability of football players as the calculated value of balance ability (0.24) was greater than the tabulated value (0.23) at 0.5 level of confidence.

Pages: 398-401
Sunita Rani (Department of Psychology, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Haridwar)
Babita Saroha (Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Traditionally, a person's lifestyle was more locally determined and evolved slowly. Man has been seen to have an inherent nature to segregate within the species according to an individual's colour, ethnic group, language, profession, high income groups, low income groups etc and the list goes on to infinitesimally smaller and smaller groupings within each group. It can also be observed that each of these groups form a culture for themselves that is different from the rest. The power of peer pressure to influence individual behaviour is well documented in social psychology literature. People's behaviour, as it relates to environmental change, is influenced by the behaviour of their peers and social norms what they perceive to be acceptable to others. Everything else society, culture, social structure, power, groups, organizations is ultimately dependent on the acts of individuals. If the culture of a certain group of people is to be conscious of society and the environment, then this is reflected positively in consumption patterns and waste management practices. On the flip side, if the culture is not to be environmentally aware and have a 'don't care' attitude, then again, this trend is bound to continue in the opposite trajectory, as seen in most of our surroundings. This paper will suggest how behaviour is influenced by knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, values, and desires, efforts to change behaviour in ways that would benefit the environmentand how individual behaviour changes the society culture.

Pages: 408-409
Eisha Gohil (Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir)

The aim of the paper is to highlight the problems faced by eunuchs in the Indian society. Sex is biologically defined while gender refers to socially constructed difference between man and woman. Third gender-the eunuch “Hijra” (Is south Asian language) refers to individual who do not come under the definition of male or female gender. Eunuchs or “Hijra” communities existed in nearly all parts of world with their own limited identities, customs and rituals. In present India, hijras comprise the most exploited and impoverished sections of the society and they do not get any sympathy. Hijras are a highly secretive group and scientific studies on them have been few and far between. It is noted that society has still a lot of misconceptions and incorrect information about hijras and their way of life and how they came to join such groups. Government should more actively approach to eunuchs and develop public awareness program to handle the issues related to the third gender. Collected data showed that the majority of eunuchs are discriminated and they are being physically, verbally, and sexually abused. The deprivations, alienation, and hostilities encountered by eunuchs since early childhood are so deep and extreme that, at some point, finding no other social space, they exclude themselves.

Pages: 413-420
Ravneet Chawla (Department of Human Development & Family Relations, Government Home Science College, Chandigarh)

In the last decade there has been an increasing interest in the level of stress, trauma, or violence experienced by humanitarian workers, but relatively little focus on the other side of the coin qualities that promote resilience and thriving in these challenging environments .The notion that family environment and school plays a buffering role in protecting child from brunt of life stress has powerful implications for course of action and healthy development. Case study approach was used on three adolescents from marginalized families of Chandigarh living in poor outer edge; each one had only one room for the entire family and the neighborhood was crowded with similar living units. Rapport building was done, interviews were held with the subjects and meeting at which information about subject was gathered by researchers from their parents and siblings. A meeting was arranged at which information about subject was gathered from his teachers and martial art instructor, which also included observations of subjects in regular class setup for two weeks. The conclusions drawn were that the at-risk factors identified as per perceived by the subjects were role models (fathers) indulging in alcohol and smoking, habit of stealing, aggression and violence. Mothers in all the three cases were greater source of comfort than fathers. Fathers' absenteeism for long hours at work was disliked. The observations of the researcher harmonized with the inputs from the teachers, neighborhood. Attending charity school acted as a major buffer; they could not afford it otherwise. A huge onus lied on the scope for improving home environment of such children and working on dynamics within the family.

Pages: 424-427
नीलम यादव (आरोही माॅडल व. मा. स्कूल, अग्रोहा, हिसार, हरियाणा)

छोटी काशी के नाम से प्रसिद्ध भिवानी शहर की पश्चिमी सीमा राजस्थान से लगती है। इस शहर में सभी धर्मों के धार्मिक स्थल दृश्टिगोचर होते हैं। इस शोध के माध्यम से भिवानी शहर के जैन मन्दिरों में व्याप्त भित्ति-चित्रों की विशय वस्तु-रंग-योजना व वर्तमान स्थिति के बारे में बताया गया है। भिवानी शहर के जैन मंदिरों में व्याप्त्त भित्ति-चित्रों में चैबीस जैन तीर्थंकरो के जन्म-कल्यणाक, दीक्षा-कल्याणक, केवल ज्ञान-कल्याण व निर्माण सम्बन्धित भित्ति-चित्र है। भित्ति-चित्रों में मुख्यतः लाल, पीला, नीला, हरा व सफेद रंगों का प्रयोग किया जाता है। इन भित्ति-चित्रों में से कुछ की स्थिति अच्छी है व अधिकांश भित्ति-चित्रों की पपड़ी बनकर गिर रही है। इस भित्ति चित्रों को संरक्षण की आवश्यकता है।

Pages: 156-162
Jyoti Gupta (Keshav Mahavidyalaya University of Delhi, Delhi)
Nandita Babu (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Through social interaction children learn to understand, explain and predict behaviour of self and others. Children are always busy with how and why questions needing behavioural explanations. Answers are been sought and given by significant others. The following study was carried out to in-depth into the role of interaction and explanations of behaviour. For this the mothers whose children were in the age of 5 years and 7 years were approached. The mothers were requested to record conversation between them and their children. All the recordings were analyzed with the help of inter rater consistency which was established while coding the verbatim. The results were interpreted in such a way as to look at the strategies that were used to unwind the varieties of explanations of behavior generated during mother-child interaction.