IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 276-278 A joint consultation of employees and management in decision making, broadly known as employees' participation in management has recently been in trend for maintaining peace, increasing productivity, and growth of an organization. The present study is an attempt to assess the prevalence of under-participation and powerlessness in various organizations and how both these factors contribute to occupational stress and unnecessary conflicts at workplace. The present study includes 150 participants, 50 each from healthcare, teaching, and banking sector. Occupational Stress Index by Srivastava and Singh (1983) was used to assess the levels of under-participation and powerlessness at workplace. It was observed that even after taking significant steps in the direction of effective employees' participation in management; issues related to powerlessness and under-participation still prevail and contribute significantly to the development of occupational stress. |
Pages: 279-282 As known to all of us that with the announcement of demonetization by our Prime Minister Mr.Narendra Modi the country had to experience its pros and cons. In his opinion it was to curb black money which was used for illegal activity and terrorism funding and to make india a cash less economy by pushing digital transaction. But with the unprepared banks people had to face serious crisis. This paper deals with what is demonetization, past experience of other countries and how it had effected Indian economy. |
Pages: 283-286 The word violence refers to the crime and physical force. Domestic violence is a problem that affects the lives of many women both in the urban and the rural areas. Women have been the vulnerable section of the society and constitute a sizeable segment of the population of India. Women have been vulnerable to violence and exploitation such as harassment, taunts, abuses, battering, molestation, rape, dowry deaths, mental and physical torture. The present paper has been prepared with a view to discuss the various issues related to the domestic violence against Women in rural areas. This study was conducted in Karnal and Sirsa districts of Haryana state. From these districts two blocks namely Indri from Karnal and Bada Gudha from Sirsa district were selected randomly. From the selected blocks, four villages namely Kheri Maan Singh and Jain pura Sidhana (Indri) and Biru wala, Burj Bhangu (Bada Gudha) were drawn randomly. From the selected villages, 200 respondents were also selected randomly. Study revealed that majority of respondents (60%) faced domestic violence in various forms. Further analysis revealed that out of 120 respondents, who faced domestic violence, 92.50 per cent faced emotional violence and 90.83 per cent faced verbal violence. |
Pages: 287-290 Success of a company is dependent upon its profits, which, in turn, depend upon the velocity of its capital evidenced by reinvestment rate. A faster velocity of capital is largely dependent upon higher rate and the costs of receivables dependent upon credit sales, as it is in the case of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This study explores the costs composition of 455 micro, small and medium-sized companies in Haryana using their primary data by survey method. This paper explores the composition of costs associated with maintaining receivables. The study examined that which cost of maintaining receivables is most considerable with the specific range by the MSMEs entrepreneur. |
Pages: 291-295 World Health Organization has viewed well-being as a state of equilibrium at the physical, mental, social and spiritual domains. “How” aspects or dynamics of well-being based on theoretical framework help us to understand the process nature of well-being. These ideas are extremely helpful in developing well-ness enhancement programmes. Intentional activity theory suggests that volitional activities where energy is spent increases well-being. Telic or end- point theories posit that well-being is gained when goal or need is reached and persistence of unfulfilled needs are responsible for unhappiness. According to Bottom-up theory happy life is the accumulation of happy moments. In contrast, top-down theory advocates for a global propensity to experience things in a positive manner. Cognitive approach to Associationistic theories suggests that events attributed to internal and stable factors bring in maximum well-being. Judgment theories based on comparison views that people experience well-being when they find themselves to be better off than others. According to Adaptation theory recent changes produce happiness and unhappiness. But people eventually adapt to the overall level of events and restore happiness. Proactive theory predicts that the greatest happiness is experienced by those who have negatively skewed distribution of events. Another popular form of judgment theory advocates that the less the discrepancy between the actual condition and aspiration the greater is the happiness. Thus, there are different theoretical routes to understand the process nature of well-being. A crucial examination of their relative strengths is a challenging task before the researchers. |
Pages: 296-299 Psychotherapy encompasses exploration of suffering of an individual through the means of psychological techniques and finding ways for the remedy. The spiritual significance envisages to find answer for questions beyond our physical and social self. The spiritual self seeks answer for existential queries like “Why do we suffer?” What is the meaning of our suffering? “Where do we finally reach to end our suffering?” Issues related to the dynamics of the spiritual self and the psychological matrix of well-being will be discussed in detail to decipher the spiritual language of psychotherapy. |
Pages: 300-303 The refugee migration is rightly attributed to the partition of India on 15 of August, 1947. The partition resulted in some 47.5 lakh (4.75 million) refugees migrating to India and of these, 4, 95, 391 descending on Delhi1. During the 60 years of the post-Independence period, Delhi's trajectory has been heavily influenced by the refugees' significant role in transforming the social, economic and physical landscape of Delhi. The coming in of multiplexes, malls, coffee shops and proliferation of brand name outlets coupled with the gentrification of Karol Bagh and West Patel Nagar along with the steep rise in Local markets like South Extension and fancy developer enclaves, it was all brought about by the steep rise in the disposable income of the refugees who were out to reinvent. . If Delhi today is the Queen of retail, then the role of refugees in its exaltation to this enviable position can, by no stretch of imagination, be underplayed. |
Pages: 304-307 Leprosy has always been linked with the social stigma and ostracizing of patient from society. Stigma and associated psychosocial problems are commonly seen in different cultures among the leprosy patients. This research aims to study the different aspects of health-related stigma and explore casual correlation with the self esteem. Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) stigma scale and Rosenberg self esteem questionnaires were used to collect data and Focus Group Discussions were conducted with the patients and their family members for collecting information on their socio-demographic characteristics and affects of the disease on their daily life experiences. Data was analyzed both qualitatively as well as quantitatively for analyzing the correlation between self esteem and stigma in the sample population |
Pages: 308-312 Materialism has been a topic of research in various disciplines since more than a few decades now. But its mammoth form is more haunting now a days as economies are reeling and individual dissatisfaction is on the rise. This paper attempts to investigate the relationship of materialism with impulsiveness. To this end, the data was collected from a sample of teachers (N=400) from colleges and universities in Chandigarh. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. The techniques of Pearson Product Moment Correlation and student's t-test were employed. It was observed that participants' endorsement of a materialistic lifestyle correlates positively with their scores on impulsiveness. The gender differences were seen to exist on materialism trait and its components while no gender differences were found on impulsiveness and its second order factors. |
Pages: 313-315 Rural debtedness in India is one of the most serious problems of the rural economic. Actually, this problem is the sign of weak financial infra structural facilities available to the farmers for their survival and development. The study was conducted in Southern region of Haryana. The results of the study indicate that An average amount of loan of Rs. 229952 was taken by respondents from both sources. It is clear from the data that more than half of the respondents were repaying the loan irregularly while 42.67 per cent were repaying it regularly. Analysis revealed that 61.33% respondents enlisted low profit margins in agriculture as a major cause of debtedness. Analysis further revealed that respondents were burdened because of outstanding loan in spite of that 32.00 per cent respondents repaired or constructed the houses. Regarding problems faced by respondents after taking loan analysis revealed that overwhelming majority of the respondents (86.00%) were facing the problem of declining income after taking loan. It was also suggested that e-National Agricultural marketing facility should be provided to the farming community. |
Pages: 316-318 Psychological well-being is conceptualized as a primarily private phenomenon that is focused on the challenges encountered by individuals in their personal lives, social well-being represents a more public experience that is focused on the social tasks encountered by individuals in their social structures and communities. Understanding of psychological well-being is of much importance for every individual. It became imperative for sports where players have to undergone severe physical and psychological exercises and tough situation to perform. The present paper reviews on psychological well-being among adolescents. |
Pages: 319-321 स्वांग भारत की प्राचीनतम लोकधर्मी नाट्य परम्परा है। सांग, भगत, माच नौटंकी, ख्याल तमाशा आदि लोकविधाएं स्वांग विधा का ही अंश हैं। हरियाणा के प्रोदशिक लोकनाट्य सांग या स्वांग में महिलाओं की भागीदारी बहुत कम रही। पुरूषवादी वर्चस्व एवम् महिलाओं के प्रति रूढ़िवादिता हरियाणा प्रदेश में व्याप्त होने के बावजूद भी महिलाओं ने अपनी सहभागिता का इस प्रादेशिक लोकनाट्य में अहसास कराया है और आज वर्तमान समय में स्वांग और सांग का प्रतिनिधित्व महिलाओं द्वारा किया जा रहा है। |
Pages: 322-324 भारत में इंटरनेट 1980 के दशक मे आया, जब एर्नेट को भारत सरकार के इलेक्ट्रानिक्स विभाग और संयुक्त राष्ट्र उन्नति कार्यक्रम की ओर से प्रोत्साहन मिला। सामान्य उपयोग के लिये इंटरनेट 15 अगस्त 1995 से उपलब्ध हुआ, जब विदेश सचांर निगम लिमिटेड ने गेटवे सर्विस शुरू की। भारत मे इंटरनेट प्रयोग करने वालों की संख्या में तेजी से वृद्धि हुई है, और वर्तमान 400 मिलियन यानी 40 करोड़ से अधिक लोगों तक इंटरनेट की पहुंच हो चुकी है, जो कि देश की कुल जनसंख्या का करीब 33 फीसदी और दुनिया के सभी इंटरनेट प्रयोक्ता देशों के हिसाब से महज 10 फीसदी है। मौजूदा समय में इंटरनेट का प्रयोग जीवन के सभी क्षेत्रों-सोशल मीडिया, ईमेल, बैंकिंग, शिक्षा, ट्रेन इंफॉर्मेशन-रिजर्वेशन, ऑनलाइन शॉपिंग, अंतरिक्ष प्रोद्योगिकी, बीमा, विभिन्न बिल घर बैठे जमा करने और अन्य सेवाओं के लिए भी किया जा रहा है। |
Pages: 325-329 भारत की स्वतन्त्रता की लड़ाई की इन धाराओं में अनेक व्यक्तियों ने अपनी भूमिका निभाई। ये व्यक्ति भारत के लगभग सभी क्षेत्रों, सभी वर्गों व समुहो से थे। 1947 में स्वतन्त्रता के पश्चात आजादी की लड़ाई में भूमिका निभाने वाले व्यक्तित्वों पर कई तरह के शोध कार्य हुए, जिनके कारण उनकी भूमिका उजागर हो पायी। शोध के निष्कर्षों के उपरान्त ही विभिन्न क्षेत्र तथा व्यक्ति सामने आ सके। इसी कड़ी में यह कहा जा सकता है कि स्वतन्त्रता आन्दोलन से सम्बन्धित शोध का कार्य अभी पूर्ण नहीं हुआ है बल्कि जारी है तथा नित नए-नए स्थानों से नए-नए व्यक्तियों की भूमिका उभर कर सामने आ रही है। स्वतन्त्रता आन्दोलन के इतिहास के सन्दर्भ में हरियाणा क्षेत्र की भूमिका भी अभी शोध के अभाव में सामने नहीं आ सकी है। हां, इस बारे में विभिन्न तरह के प्रयास अपनी-अपनी तरह से किए जा रहे हैं तथा उसके वांछित परिणाम भी प्राप्त हो रहे हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध भी इस कड़ी में एक छोटा सा प्रयास है जिसमंे दक्षिण हरियाणा क्षेत्र के एक व्यक्ति की भूमिका को समझने का प्रयास है जिसने अपनी भूमिका स्वतन्त्रता की तीनों विचार धाराओं में अलग-अलग ढंग से निभाई तथा वे जीवन काल में स्वतन्त्रता के ऐतिहासिक दिन को देखने में सफलता भी हांसिल कर सके। उस व्यक्ति का नाम ईश्वर सिंह था जिसे क्षेत्रवासी ‘‘आजाद’’ के नाम से जानते थे। ईश्वर सिंह आजाद का जन्म जिला महेन्द्रगढ़ के गांव राता-कलां के यादव परिवार में 1904 ई. में हुआ। इनकी माता का नाम रामकोर तथा पिता का नाम खूब राम था। इनके दादा हरनारायण की कृषि-लगन व शारीरिक शक्ति की चर्चा क्षेत्र मंे होती थी। ईश्वर सिंह का बचपन का नाम डूंगर सिंह था। गांव मंे स्कूल नहीं था तथा परिवार कृषि के कार्य को अधिक महत्व देता था अतः ये नाम मात्र ही शिक्षा प्राप्त कर सके। |
Pages: 330-332 प्राकृतिक संसाधनों में भूमि एक महत्वपूर्ण प्राकृतिक संसाधन है। विकासशील देशों में 60 प्रतिशत से ऊपर जनसंख्या मुख्य रूप से कृषि पर निर्भर करती है। कोई राष्ट्र विकसित हो या विकासशील जनसंख्या एवं कृषि योग्य भूमि के मध्य अनुकूल दशा होनी चाहिए परन्तु बढ़ती हुई जनसंख्या ने विश्व स्तर पर कृषि योग्य भूमि को बड़े पैमाने पर प्रभावित किया है। जनसंख्या के बढ़ने पर जोतों का आकार घटता है अर्थात् जनसंख्या धनात्मक वृद्धि और जोतों के आकार में ऋणात्मक संबंध मिलता है। इस प्रकार की समस्या भारत में आजादी के बाद बढ़ती जा रही है जिससे अनेक प्रकार के नकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ते हैं- जैसे जीडीपी पर प्रभाव, उत्पादकता एवं उत्पादन पर प्रभाव व बेरोजगारी आदि। यदि जनसंख्या वृद्धि दर को न रोका गया तो हमारे देश में जोतों का आकार इतना छोटा हो जाएगा कि कृषि के क्षेत्र में हम आत्मनिर्भरता से हाथ धो बैठेंगे। अतः हमें इस विकराल समस्या से छुटकारा पाने के लिए सरकार सहयोग व जनजागृत करना बहुत जरूरी है। |
Pages: 1-6 Marriage is an important institution and the basis of family. The happy and satisfied couples constitute meaningful and mutually satisfying relationship which contributes to Quality of Life. For satisfying this marital satisfaction plays important role. The present study attempts to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction and quality of life in relation to love matched marriage and arranged marriage couples. A sample of 120 couples (25-40 years) is selected using purposive sampling method. Marital Satisfaction Scale by Fincham and Bradbury Quality of Life by Robin Cohen and Balfour Mount was used to measure marital satisfaction and quality of life among love matched marriage couples and arranged marriage couples. Statistical analysis was done using t-test, Correlation. Results reveal that Love matched female's shows higher marital satisfaction and quality of life as compared to arranged marriage females. No such difference exists among males of love matched and arranged marriages. Male's shows higher marital satisfaction as compared to females among arranged marriage couples but no such significant difference was found among males and females of love matched couples. Among love matched marriages females quality of life is higher than that of males. No such gender difference was found among arranged marriage. Negative relationship exists between quality of life and marital satisfaction. Among arranged marital couples especially male's shows negative relationship between quality of life and marital satisfaction. But females show positive relationship between quality of life and marital satisfaction. Among love matched couples especially females show negative relationship between quality of life and marital satisfaction. But no such significant relationship was present among males who had love marriage. |
Pages: 7-10 The present study attempts to understand the problem of domestic violence against wives. The research is conducted for identifying various causes, frequency, and nature of violence against wives. Domestic violence is one of violence against women forms. The problem of domestic violence is an important issue of inquiry in our society. Domestic violence is a serious problem, which occurs in many countries. In recent years domestic violence recognized as a serious problem globally and one which not only harm full effects on family members but it also on women, children, the community and the nation. There are many cases of domestic violence publishing on newspaper every day and mostly women are victims. There are many reasons behind domestic violence such as alcohol, low education, and low income and so on. The endemic nature of violence in our as also in all other societies increases the significance of its study as well as that of the present one. The paper highlights the nature, frequency and causes of domestic violence against wives of village Phaphre Bhaike from Mansa district. It also explores the socio-economic background of the respondents. |
Pages: 11-14 Family is the primary and most important socializing agent for all individuals. It plays a very important role in the individual in terms of their personality development and adjustment. The quality of parental care in the early years of a child plays a vital role in the mental health of a child. The basic needs of a child are to be met within the institution of family and this aids the individual's normal development. The family usually helps the child's development in two major ways, primarily, in terms of satisfaction of immediate instinctual needs and secondly by providing an atmosphere of affection and security. Based on these the child develops the physical, mental and social capacities to the full extent. The relationship with the mother at the early ages and later on with the father as the age increases plays an important role in the normal development of the child. |
Pages: 15-21 Wedding is one of the most important events of a person's life. The wedding events are characterized by celebrations within the family and the wedding day is indeed a memorable one for the bride and the groom, as well as for all those sharing their joyous moments. The present study is an attempt to understand the process of commercialization which occurred in the institution of marriage in Punjabi society. The main focus is to examine the growth of marriage market and try to find out the reasons responsible for it. The initial study of commercialization of marriage, is taken up with the objectives like to find out the reasons for commercialization of marriage, to find the impact of commercialization on ceremonial aspects of Punjabi marriage and the socio-economic consequences of commercialization of marriage, and the linkage between commercialization of marriage and gender discrimination. |
Pages: 22-26 Adolescent is a growing age when an individual is passing through a lot of internal and external changes. Environment like home environment and institutions where they get educated plays important role in successful transformations. Present study compares the emotional intelligence and personality factor among private and government school students. A sample size of 320 adolescents was selected among which 160 were from private and government school in both groups 80 were males and 80were females. All the students selected were belonging to IX and X standard in the age of 13-16 years. Emotional Intelligence was measured using Emotional Quotient scale developed by Dalip Singh and Chadda and Personality was measured used NEO-FFI being developed by Costa & McCrae. t- test was applied to compare the difference between the means. Findings of the study reveal that among of boys and girls on results reveal that there is highly significant difference among scores of competency sub-scale and total emotional intelligence where as no such significant difference is present on sensitivity and maturity sub-scale. Overall comparison of private and government schools adolescents shows no significant difference. On overall comparison of boys and girls on personality factors significant differences were found on the extraversion factor and highly significant difference was found on openness component. No significant differences were found on neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and NEO-FFI total scores. On overall comparison of private and government schools adolescents no significant difference was found. |
Pages: 27-31 Delinquent behaviour is problematic and socially unacceptable behaviour demonstrated by adolescents. Delinquency is a multidimensional problem. The intensity and severity of juvenile offences are generally determined by the social, economic and cultural conditions prevailing in a country. Family structure and dynamics involved in parenting processes are causal variables in discussing delinquency due to their critical role in socialization and control of children. The media play a significant role in enduring behavior patterns among youth. The influence of mass-media is a contentious issue when it comes to juvenile behaviour. The influence of mass- media on the psycho- social development of the children is of important concern. The present study examined the perception of family functioning and mass media socialization in the both groups of delinquents and non- delinquents The total number of participants were 240 adolescents divided into two groups of 120 delinquents and 120 non- delinquents. The first group of Sample consisted of Male Adolescents (delinquents) who were all charged with the Commission of a delinquent act. The Data was derived from various delinquent homes (observation homes) located in different areas of Punjab State. The second group of sample consisted of adolescence (non-delinquents) from urban high school. Participants were assessed by the Parental authority questionnaire and Media socialization questionnaire. The results of the present research examined through t-test revealed the two group differences (delinquents & non- delinquents) in mean scores of family functioning & mass media socialization. Further, research efforts should include a more comprehensive study with multiple perspectives and variables from different contexts. |
Pages: 32-42 Ego strength refers to the ability to maintain the ego by a cluster of traits that together contribute to good mental health. The traits usually considered important include tolerance of the pain of loss, disappointment, shame, or guilt; forgiveness of those who have caused an injury, with feelings of compassion rather than anger and retaliation; acceptance of substitutes and ability to defer gratification; persistence and perseverance in the pursuit of goals; openness, flexibility, and creativity in learning to adapt; and vitality and power in the activities of life. The psychiatric prognosis for a client correlates positively with ego strength. An attempt was made to study ego strength and family environment of patients with schizophrenia. A total of 60 subjects were randomly taken from Jodhpur city, among these 20 subjects were suffering from schizophrenia, 20 were suffering from neurotic disorders and remaining 20 were apparently normal. Hasan's Ego Strength and Family Environment Scale by Joshi and Vyas were administered. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA. Results reveal that on the measures of Ego-Strength, Neurotics and Schizophrenics differ significantly from Normal people, but there was no significant difference between Ego-Strength of Schizophrenics and Neurotics. On the measures of Family Environment, there was no statistical significant difference between the perception of family environment of schizophrenics, neurotics, and normal on relationship dimension, personal growth dimension and system maintenance dimension. |
Pages: 43-48 Business activity must be recognized as a tool to facilitate and address global issues, like malnutrition and hunger. There are food items within the market systems and economies around the globe that result in nutritional deficiencies in growing children, especially those that belong to under developed and developing states. There are various ways in which this issue may be targeted and rectified. This paper aims at highlighting the significance of private business activity within the value chains and interventions in order to provide nutrient rich foods to the poor by an increase in the demand and supply of food. |
Pages: 49-55 The integration of the Internet into learning processes has resulted in new innovative and flexible learning opportunities. In developed countries, highly advanced Internet-based infrastructures have been successfully introduced to tertiary education students. However, in the Indian context, Internet resources are not adequately integrated into students' academic life in comparison to the western context. This article explores factors affecting Indian tertiary education students' Internet use for learning. Drawing on a qualitative study on tertiary education students, the analysis employs the relevant social groups and technological framework, components of the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) theory of Bijker and Pinch to show which factors impact on Indian tertiary education students' Internet use. |
Pages: 56-61 The 'Digital Divide' has been the subject for debate globally. The widening chasm of this phenomenon has tremendous structural-functional implications for the marginalized peoples of the world. On the one hand are the technically progressive ICT high end consumers who have access to the most sophisticated technology inputs and on the other hand are the extremely depraved ignorance and illiteracy riddled indigenous people. The challenge of bridging the gap and delivering the benefits of the information age to those who have gone astray from the main-stream to join it for various reasons falls on the experts who study socio-cultural phenomenon and provide insights and solutions. The information boom being experienced globally seems to have side stepped the tribals of Odisha. The incisive incursion of ICTs into the very bastion of ignorance and impossible circumstances somehow has been unable to have a similar impact on the tribal population in some of the most backward parts of the country like Odisha. The reasons why these marginalized populations have been unable to access the benefits of the ICTs are many and varied. It is the objective of this paper to look into some of these reasons because of which the tribal inhabitants of Odisha are unable to avail themselves of the benefits of the ICTs march of progress. |