IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 62-65 The present investigation was made to study the physiological correlates of criminal behaviour. The objective of the study was to compare criminals and non-criminals on physiological correlates (Heart Rate & Galvanic Skin Response). It was hypothesized that criminals would have a significantly lower basal / aroused heart rate and skin conductance activity than non-criminals. For the study of physiological correlates of criminal behaviour two group design was adopted group I (n = 100) consisting of criminals and group II (n = 100) consisting of non-criminals (normal subjects). Criminals were inmates of District Jail, Rohtak under section 302 and 307 and non-criminal from general population. The two groups consisted of 25-35 years old, semi-literate from rural as well urban background. They were matched on socidemographic variables. These groups were tested on two physiological indices i.e. Heart Rate (HRL) and Galvanic skin response (GSR). Heart Rate Level (HRL) was measured by Pulse Monitor and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was measured using Automatic Digital Multimeter. HRL and GSR were measured in terms of basal value and arousal. The data were analysed by employing t-test for heart rate and x2 for GSR for analyzing the significance of difference between two groups. It was found that criminal differed significantly from non-criminal on arousal level as measured on heart rate but on basal level was not found significant. Criminals were found differed significantly from non-criminals on GSR. |
Pages: 66-69 Unity in diversity as a phrase is very common to Indian citizen. India being a muti-cultural, multi-religious society have wide spectrum of variations. This spectrum is visible in Indian schools where children from different background attends the formal education under the same roof. Teachers in Indian classrooms have crucial responsibility as they deal with children carrying diverse background with them. The way teacher deals with the children have long-lasting impact on them. The everyday classroom experiences may make or break child's notions about self and others. As appreciation or depreciation of diversity depends on teacher's immediate action. This impact of teacher on child's attitude is many-folds on a child aged 5-6 years. With young children, what their teacher speaks to them may become their inner voice. Thus dealing the aspects of diversity is of utmost importance at pre-primary level which is explored in this paper. Data has been collected from a private run school in East Delhi. Classroom observations and interviews were used as tools to collect data. Teachers responses in interviews gave insights of the daily confrontation of issues of diversity in pre-primary grades and how these issues are dealt. The study indicated that awareness of teacher about issues of diversity is essential in a country like India. The study also revealed that more and more work needs to be done to equip teachers, to help children from diverse background sustain in our education system. |
Pages: 70-75 A vast literature shows that the quality of personal relationships, especially personal relationships with parents for children, is a major predictor of psychosocial functioning and development. The present literature review attempts to better understand parental influences on the development of children's social competencies from an evolutionary perspective, by focusing on male parental investment in children, and its influences on the child's social competencies. Extant research suggests that male parental investment is more highly correlated with, and predictive of the development of the child's socio-competitive competencies than female parental investment. This review also explores the effects of marital quality on the links between parent-child relationship behaviors and child outcomes. |
Pages: 76-80 When artefacts fall in disuse they are discarded and gotten rid of. Sometimes they are said to have gone out of fashion. At other times, the skill-set is lost to posterity. The current study examines some of the poignant reasons for the gradual decline of the famous Oriental carpets of Punjab. There have been several global changes that have impacted severely upon the economies of the world. The markets which were earlier dictated to by the goods and supplies provided to them by producers and manufacturers had done a volte face. They were, in turn, taking command and giving their dictate on what would and would not sell in the world markets. Several new thought processes have also made their impact, especially in terms of the awakened global concern for the environment which gets translated into strictures on what can and cannot be used in the making of a product. What could be the reasons for a thriving art form, which was in great demand all over the world, to suddenly face a dead end? What ails the carpet-weaving industry of Punjab and what are some of the main reasons for it to be gradually relegated to the backseat? What are the lessons to be learnt here if any? Can there be any window of opportunity in these changed circumstances? Would there be any policy implications that could help ameliorate the lot of the craftsmen. Is there scope for the revival and propagation of such crafts? The current research paper attempts to investigate and seek answers to some of the queries. |
Pages: 81-86 The term, ''developmental disabilities,'' [i.e., severe chronic conditions that are due to mental and/or physical impairments with an age of onset prior to age 22] ''Intellectual disabilities/Mental Retardation'', ''physical disabilities'', and ''autism'' are terms that are used in India and are subsumed our use of the term developmental disabilities (Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 2004). Mental retardation is one of the most prevalent developmental disabilities. Mental retardation, mental deficiency, mental sub normality and mental handicap, developmental disability or delay are the terms used to refer to the same condition. The terms used in the past such as amentia, idiocy, feeble minded, moron, imbecile and oligophrenia are now obsolete. According to the World Health Organization (1994); Syle (1975); According to the World Health Organization (1994); approximately 156 million people or 3 percent of the world's population have mental retardation. Coping has been defined as problem solving efforts made by an individual when the demands of a given situation tax adaptive resources (Lazarus et al., 1974; Pearlin & Schooler, 1978). To Sturdy of coping strategies used by the parents of mentally retarded and autistic children. A sample of 70 parents i.e. 35 parents of mentally retarded children (18 fathers and 17 mothers ) and 35 parents of autistic children were taken from different institutions of Raipur (Samwedna, Asha, Deep, & Kopalwani) and Chandigarh (Pryaas) who were fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the present study.The tools used for assessing the variables are Socio Demographic Data Sheet (Self made), The Cope Scale (Carver et al., 1989). This study revealed that Significant differences were found in two coping strategies, i.e., planning and alcohol drug disengagement both being used more by Parents of autistic children and mentally retaded. |
Pages: 87-88 The Panchayati Raj system is best suited for developmental and administrative requirements of rural population and society because of wide variation in the nature of local problems. It is an inexpensive form of local self-government, which can suitably identify the local problems and issues, particularly of the poor and weaker sections of society, like scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, small, marginal and landless farmers, women and backward classes. The study was conducted in Fatehabad district of Haryana state which was selected purposively. Out of 6 blocks in Fatehabad district, two blocks, namely, Fatehabad, and Ratia were selected randomly. Two villages, namely, Badopal, and Dhanger were selected from Fatehabad block and other two villages, namely Hasanga and Raipur were selected from Ratia block randomly. From each village; fifty respondents were selected randomly. The psychological problems and the level of awareness of the respondents were found highly significantly associated. |
Pages: 89-92 Sexual harassment has been and is used as a tool to perpetuate the subordination of women. Sometimes sexual harassers are very blunt and outspoken, and will use jokes, pictures, or sexual anecdotes quiet openly to embarrass or intimidate their victims. They may circulate lewd sexual emails, in the full knowledge that such content could be embarrassing and upsetting. They may pass comments on a person's figure in a loud or disrespectful way. The present study to identify the perpetrators of sexual harassment among rural school going adolescent girls was taken up in one block of Ludhiana district of Punjab state. The sample consisted of 200 respondents who were in the age range of 16-18 years and the data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire relating to various aspects of sexual harassment. Strangers from the adjoining villages (63.84%) were reported to be the perpetrators of sexual harassment followed by boys from victim's village (63.27%), roadside philanderer/ flirts (56.49%), relatives (41.80%). Adolescents (55.36%) disclosed that they received proposals for friendship by the perpetrators whereas very few of them (7.34%) got marriage proposals. Significant differences were observed in the proposals received by the adolescents; older adolescents received more friendship proposals compared to the younger adolescents. |
Pages: 429-432 Recent research suggests that concurrent with the rise of sports studies in the literature, the concept of organizational citizenship behaviors is also considered in studies. Also, examine the history of recent decade's shows the relationship between sports activities staff with a certain type of behavior is called organizational citizenship behaviors. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and job performance sports activities with staff. This research method is descriptive and correlational study. For the analysis of correlation and regression univariate significant test information, test T, and Friedman rank test was used. The population under study included 196 employees of South Zagros Oil and Gas Exploitation Company, respectively. Also in this study to assess the validity, content validity and reliability of research using alpha is obtained. Results have shown that a direct relationship between physical activity as a predictive variable with job performance and organizational citizenship behaviors as criterion variables there. As well as sports activities as the variance in organizational citizenship behaviors 0.511, and 0.376 of the variance in job performance can be predicted. Other achievements show that the average organizational citizenship behavior and job performance compared to employees participating in sports activities that do not participate in sports activities is higher. |
Pages: 433-438 The objective of the present study is to determine whether there is a relationship between aspirations and work related quality of life among freshmen and professionals working in multinational companies. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 120 employees, of which 60 were men and 60 women, aged between 22 and 29 years from Multinational Companies. The Aspiration Index Scale (Kasser & Ryan, 1996) that has 7 dimensions (viz., wealth; fame; image; personal growth; relationships; community; health) and the Work-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (Easton & Laar, 2012) that has 6 dimensions (viz., job & career satisfaction, general well-being, home-work interface, stress at work, control at work & working conditions) were administered on the employees. Results of the study indicated that the professionals reported better job career satisfaction than the freshmen (p<0.05). The study also reported significant correlations between the dimensions of aspirations and work-related quality of life. The dimension of stress at work was negatively correlated with relationships and community (p<0.05). The present study accentuates the significance of aspirations and their role in enhancing work- related quality of life among employees irrespective of their age and years of experience. |
Pages: 439-442 This work aims to study the effect of variation of modality of the interpolated task on the retrieval of previously learned task among the subjects. In the initial phase (pilot study) a between group design was used where two groups of 10 female participants were matched on the basis of their olfactory memory span (5 in each group) for the present work. The sample selected for the experiment aged between 20-23 years without any physical or mental illness. For the experiment to be conducted for measuring the variation of modality, the interpolated task for the first group was of olfactory stimuli (same as that of main task) while the interpolated task for the second group was that of gustatory stimuli (different from that of the main task). The smell or odors chosen for this experiment were different and belonged to different category of the smell prism (Henning's smell prism). It has been found that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the two different conditions (Wilcox on signed rank test was done). This might be for two major reasons firstly, the food used for the experiment has a subjective smell of its own; though the food items used were as odorless as possible but the subjective factor could not be ruled out completely. Secondly, the sample size of the experiment could not be extended since the experiment demands a whole lot of time and resource. The first factor cannot be ruled out completely, but the sample size can be increased. So, in the second phase, the sample size will be increased to 20 (10 in each group) and the same procedure will be followed. However, the empirical data on long-term odor memory suggest that long-term odor memory may be distinguished from memory for other stimuli being usually resistant to decay. |
Pages: 443-447 Caste and religion are integral parts of Indian society. At times, these interwoven systems create strong differences, hatred and tension among various social groups. Basic problem in Indian society is not of class division but of caste division. Arranged marriage within the same caste and religion is the rule of land in the Indian societies. Marriage of couples belonging to different castes and religions is a difficult and socially unacceptable proposition. To every such marriage, social / family opposition is surfaced, making it difficult for the couples to survive. Democracy, process of modernization and development has brought lots of changes in Indian society. It has provided opportunities and encouraged people for inter religion / caste marriages but with off-shooting problems between families, spouses, children and society at large. Honor killing is such problem. The major objectives of the present review paper are to understood and the spatial patterns and determinants of inter-caste and inter-religious marriages in India. The study used the data of third round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3, 2005-06) (2007) having sample size of 43102 ever married couples in India. Additionally, effort has been made to understand various issues rose due to inter religious / caste marriages and how can psychologists be of help in these cases. For counseling about marriages outside one's caste and religion, psychologist must be aware of religious instructions and provisions in the Indian constitution. |
Pages: 448-453 Social impacts are impacts of developmental interventions on human settlements. Such social impacts assessments is predicated on the nation that development interventions have social ramifications and it is imperatives that decision- makers understands the consequence of their decisions before they act and people affected get the opportunity to participate in designing their future. The present study is an attempt to assess the impact of thermal power plant on the people in the rural area of Punjab. The main focus is to examine the positive and negative impacts of the project on social and economic lives of the people due to displacement and alienation of their agricultural land and other means of livelihood. To delimit/purposive the study a village of Rajpura Tehsil of Patiala District this would be affected by the proposed project. Rajpura Thermal Power Plant Project would spread over 1100 acres (approximate) of land affecting 8 villages. The initial social impact study of the proposed project area, therefore, is taken up with the objectives like to assess socio-economic status of the people of the project affected villages, to prepare a general demographic profile of the project affected villages, to examine the positive and negative impacts of the project on the social and economic lives of the people due to displacement and alienation of their agricultural lands and other means of livelihood, to evolve preliminary suggestions and guidelines for a systematic settlement and rehabilitation of the project affected people. |
Pages: 454-459 The present study attempts to compare the attitude with respect to eve teasing, level of self-esteem and anxiety among higher secondary girl students of urban and rural areas. This study further examines the relationship between selfesteem, anxiety and attitude towards eve teasing. The sample comprised of 100 students (Urban, 49; Rural, 51) aged from 19 - 23 years. The Mode value of their age was 21. Self-esteem scale by Singh and Ankita Srivastava; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) by Spielberger, 1983; Eve teasing scale by Deepa Ghosh, 2012 were used in the present study. The Sample was randomly selected from four different government higher secondary schools. Besides descriptive statistics t-test and correlation were calculated using IBM SPSS. Findings revealed significant differences between the students of urban and rural areas on attitude towards eve teasing, level of self esteem, and anxiety. The urban students possess higher self esteem, lower anxiety in comparison to rural students. Both the group possess negative attitude towards eve teasing. Significant relationships are found between the self esteem, anxiety and attitude towards eve teasing. This study clearly reports that psychological and sport interventions are essential for the proper development and safety of the girl students in each school. |
Pages: 460-462 One of the greatest challenges that human civilization would face in the twenty first century is cyber crime. In the era of cyber revolution where the technology has overcome all the barriers and landmark breakthrough in the field of cyber world has led to the genesis of the cyber crime. The great dependence of human civilization on technology especially the cyber technology has its own risk. There are different kinds of cyber crimes and if poses a great threat to privacy safety and security of persons, nations and could a great disaster for the future generation. This paper reflects the different kinds of threat and their impact on the socio-economic life of people. |
Pages: 463-468 During the last decades the expectancies towards sexual life of people with intellectual disability have been more and more recognized by researchers, clinicians, caregivers and parents. These expectancies that largely depend on socio-cultural and personal factors, such as the level of disability. People who suffer from intellectual disability are an integral part of our society. They are called by many names- mentally challenged, “special”, differently abled and a variety of other names- some of them demeaning. Background attitudes to the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities have been studied extensively, yet evidence on public awareness about ID and stigma is limited. The relationship between attitudes, knowledge and stigma associated with ID is poorly understood. The present article highlights of relationship between them in the context of a multicultural society. The aim of the present paper is to review the different research works conducted in this area. |
Pages: 469-472 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of types of students, gender and types of faculty of the college students on Lifestyle. The sample for the study comprised of 300 Tribal and 300 Non-Tribal college students from South Gujarat region. Tribal and Non-Tribal college students were selected from various faculties Arts, Commerce and Science college in South Gujarat. Personal data sheet and Bava and Kaur (2012) Lifestyle scale were used to collect the required data. 2x2x3 factorial design was applied. The Types of Students, Gender and Types of Faculty were considered as independent variables and Lifestyle as dependent variables. To examine the hypothesis 2x2x3 ANOVA statistical method was used. Results revealed significant difference between Tribal and Non-Tribal College students in Lifestyle. The Non-Tribal college student's Lifestyle is batter then the Tribal college students. Not found significant difference between Male and Female; Arts, commerce and Science faculty college students in Lifestyle. The interaction effects (A x B), (A x C), (B x C) and (A x B x C) are not found significant. |
Pages: 473-478 Children in India, because of their sheer numbers, ought to have been the subject of prime focus of development, planning, research, and welfare in India but it has not been so. Despite the constitution's vision of a healthy and happy child-protected against abuse and exploitation, and a National Policy for Children-the majority of children in India continue to live without a childhood. The Juvenile Justice System (hereinafter referred to as JJS), as conceived by legislation, aims at providing care, protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation of delinquent and neglected juveniles. But the care and services provided to them have been criticized as being insufficient and sub-standard. This paper is an attempt to trace the development juvenile justice system in the present scenario. |
Pages: 479-483 The present study aspired to investigate whether Locus of Control is a significant predictor of Compassionate Love in Compassion Virtue Icons - Nuns and Philanthropists. It was hypothesized that Locus of Control will be a significant predictor of Compassionate Love in Compassion Virtue Icons - Nuns and Philanthropists. A purposive sample of 200 Compassion Virtue Icons 100 Nuns and 100 Philanthropists from various Churches/Missionary Schools located in National Capital Territory Region (NCTR) Delhi and Jaipur City of Rajasthan State was selected. The Predictor Variable Locus of Control was measured by Rotter's Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1996) whereas the Criterion/Outcome Variable Compassionate Love was measured by Compassionate Love Scale (CLS) (Sprecher & Fehr, 2005). The Correlational Research Design along with Regression Model was employed. The Multiple Regression Analysis was computed to investigate whether Locus of Control Internal Locus of Control and External Locus of Control are significant predictors of Compassionate Love in Compassion Virtue Icons Nuns and Philanthropists. It was empirically proved that Locus of Control Internal Locus of Control was a significant positive predictor whereas Locus of Control External Locus of Control was a significant negative predictor of Compassionate Love in Compassion Virtue Icons Nuns and Philanthropists. The results are interpreted in the light of existing researches. |
Pages: 484-488 The present study was undertaken with the objective to explore the educational well-being and the quality of school life of the school going children aged 6 to 12 years studying in classes 3rd, 4th and 5th of a rural private primary school. The study is based on the sample of 102 children (N=102) drawn from the private primary school located in the village Dehlon of Ludhiana District. These children assessed for their educational performance on the basis of their class performance as reported by their teachers and were further explored for inequality in their achievement around these scores. Only the twenty academically weak children (n=20) and the five teachers associated with these children were retained in the final sample for the further in depth investigations as per the purpose of the study. The 'Teaching Aptitude Test Battery' developed by Karim (1986) and the 'Educational Adjustment Inventory' developed by Rani and Singh (2010) along with self observation and structured interview were used to collect relevant information from the sampled children and the concerned teachers. The results revealed that majority of the children (n=82; 80%) were academically good and only a small percentage (n=20; 20%) were found to be academically weak. However, among the components of the educational adjustment of the sampled children it was observed that academically weak children were forgetful and found studies burdensome. They reported to be unable to take notes and found their teachers to be negligent of their difficulties in the school. Further they were found to be hesitant in participating in the school activities freely. However, majority of them reported to be unsure of whether they found studies burdensome or not sufficiently praised by their teacher or often scolded by the teacher for poor performance or their interest in academics. Regarding the quality of their school life they expressed a dislike for the school, wished for more holidays as well as some appreciation and positive attention from their teachers. However, the respondents still reported to have the respectful feelings for their teachers and owed the responsibility for their poor performance and being negligent. The teaching aptitude of all the sampled teachers was found to be in the category of 'the most efficient teachers'. The study concluded that the educational well-being and the quality of school environment are associated with the future well-being of children. Thus, to avoid the risk behaviours of the children in the following years such hazards should be identified and appropriate policies, programmes as well as remedial interventions planned accordingly. |
Pages: 489-491 Mental health and well-being is influenced not only by individual attributes, but also by the social circumstances in which individuals find themselves and the environment in which they live. The prolonged conflict in Kashmir has destabilized the lives of the people economically, socially and politically. The emotional and psychological impact of the resulting violence is deeply felt by all, irrespective of gender, age, occupation and location. Exposure to violence has had serious psychological ramifications. Insomnia, hopelessness, fear, anger, sadness, fatigue all creep in at some point. News of death of protesters or fake encounters further aggravate symptoms of depression. Mental health problems show an alarming increase coupled with psychological distress. This paper attempts to provide a review about the deteriorating mental health status of the youth of Kashmir valley and it also discusses the psychological, physiological and behavioral manifestations in detail, besides suggestion for possible rehabilitation measures are also discussed. |
Pages: 492-494 Feminist activism has become an essential tool for the upliftment of women's state. Feminist activism is the struggle for equality between men and women and takes action to end sexism and oppression against women. Research on feminist activism shows a small number of women commit their lives for upliftment and empowerment of other women's. They are creating social change with their lifetime activism. This paper focus on predictors those sustain women's commitment to and participation in feminist activism. The study shows there are various social psychological predictors those sustain women's feminist activism. The objective of this study is to theoretically analyse those social psychological predictors of feminist activism. |
Pages: 495-498 The present study attempts to understand the sociological analysis of the educational status of Rural Scheduled Caste Women and the socio-cultural and economic problems being faced by them in these spheres. It also tries to see the access of these women to various development programmes related to education to what extent are these women being benefited by these programmess. With these considerations present paper is presented. |
Pages: 499-502 Job involvement is one of the important job related attitude which has a deep impact on work performance. The job involvement is a product of various factors both within the organization and outside the organization. Prosperity and success of any industry depends on its workforce. In relation to this fact, the present study was aimed to study job involvement among the managerial and non-managerial employees of nationalized banks of Jaipur City. Gender was also the aspect on which the comparative research has been done. In the light of objectives of the present study, it was hypothesized that managerial and non- managerial employees of nationalized banks will differ on job involvement, males of managerial employees and non- managerial employees will differ on job involvement and females of managerial employees and non- managerial employees will differ on job involvement. For this purpose a sample of 100 employees of nationalized banks was selected using random sampling technique. Employees were administered one questionnaire of job involvement scale. Thereafter, data were analyzed and the result is in line with the hypothesis. It can be said that managerial and non- managerial employees of nationalized banks differ significantly on Job Involvement. Managerial employees both male and female scored significantly higher on Job Involvement than non- managerial male and female employees of nationalized banks. |
Pages: 503-506 Caregiving, or the simple task of one family member looking after another who is unwell, is a complex demand when the illness in question is cancer. Fear, uncertainty, distress, and crisis often accompany a diagnosis of cancer and these reactions are not limited to that of the individual affected with cancer alone. Instead, cancer effectively shakes the very foundation of the family it strikes and poses significant challenges to the family caregiver. No aspect of the caregiver's life remains untouched. The current paper reviews the underlying themes of the concept of caregiving. It describes the various ways in which caregiving has been understood and how these ways have been synthesized into models. The most common caregiving outcomes are outlined to provide a brief overview of the problems caregivers have. Research in caregiving will be increasingly in demand in the years to come and this paper attempts to provide a preliminary bird's eye view of cancer caregiving. |
Pages: 507-510 Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior. Contrary to popular belief, schizophrenia isn't a split personality or multiple personality. The word "schizophrenia" does mean "split mind," but it refers to a disruption of the usual balance of emotions and thinking. Here it's a huge problem of coping of care givers schizophrenia. Coping style is a person's characteristic strategies used in response to life problems or trauma. These can include thoughts, emotions or behaviour. The term coping refers to the process by which a person attempts to manage stressful demands. Expressed emotion is a qualitative measure of the 'amount' of emotion displayed, typically in the family setting, usually by a family or caretakers. It is the interpersonal emotional environment of the family. Expressed emotion has been described as ''a measure of the extent to which relatives express critical, hostile or over-involved attitudes about a patient when discussing the patient's illness and family life with an interviewer'' (Keonigsberg & Handley, 1986). The aim of the present study was to see relationship between coping styles and expressed emotion of caregivers of schizophrenia patients. The sample size of the study is 60 caregivers of schizophrenic patients. The tools used for assessing the variables are Socio Demographic Data Sheet (Self made), General Health Questionnaire, The Cope Scale and Attitude Questionnaire for measuring Expressed Emotion. suggests that a negative correlation between emotion-focused coping with hostility (Expressed Emotion). |