IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 511-513 All over the world, women have been excluded from gaining political power. The 73rd constitutional amendment in India has allowed women to play a very significant role in local governance. Also the Government of Maharashtra's decision of 50% reservation for women in local self government in 2011 provided a wide scope for representation of women in rural as well as urban local bodies. The present study tries to find out the diverse psycho-social and political factors contributing to women's participation in governance. It also explores some of the important psychological aspects (Assertiveness & gender role perception) that help women to function effectively. The study is also aimed at highlighting these women's contribution to policy making. These factors would help in generating rich insights about the empowerment of this specific group. Some recommendations for training these women will be made on the basis of this study. |
Pages: 514-516 इन दिनों तनाव आधुनिक जीवन की सबसे सामान्य समस्या है। तनाव न केवल हमारे ओरों के साथ रिश्तों को प्रभावित करता है, बल्कि हमारे शरीर पर भी प्रभाव डालता है, जिसके कारण हम विभिन्न प्रकार की बीमारियों से रोज दो चार हो रहे है। इन सब का कारण हमारी वर्तमान जीवन शैली है। ध्यान तनाव को कम कर सुखद अनुभूति प्रदान करने का माध्यम है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र के माध्यम से इस्लाम में ध्यान की प्रासंगिकता पर प्रकाश डालने का प्रयास किया गया है। इस्लाम में ध्यान का एक व्यापक स्थान है, जैसे-सलाह ,तस्बीह, मुराकबा, तफक्कुर, मुराबिता और सान आदि। ध्यान का केवल आध्यात्मिक लाभ नहीं है, बल्कि सांसारिक लाभ भी है। इसके द्वारा हम विभिन्न प्रकार के रोगों व समस्याओं का रचनात्मक समाधान प्राप्त कर एक बेहतर जीवन व्यतीत कर सकते हैं। |
Pages: 517-519 संगीत का मानव जीवन में विशेष महत्व है। लोकसंगीत तथा उपशास्त्रीय संगीत, संगीत की महत्वपूर्ण विधाएं हैं। लोकसंगीत में शास्त्रीय नियमों का कोई बंधन नहीं होता है जबकि उपशास्त्रीय संगीत में शास्त्रीय नियमों का पालन किया जाता है और नियमों को छोड़ने की भी स्वतंत्रता है। दोनों संगीत का उद्देश्य लोकरंजन है। दोनों के विषय श्रृंगारिक एवं आध्यात्मिक होते है। दोनों ही संगीत भाव प्रधान है। दोनों का उद्देश्य मनुष्य के हृदय के भावों की अभिव्यक्ति करना होता है। इस प्रकार लोकसंगीत और उपशास्त्रीय संगीत का घनिष्ठ सम्बंध है। उपशास्त्रीय संगीत लोकसंगीत तथा शास्त्रीय संगीत के बीच की गायन विधा है। वास्तव में उपशास्त्रीय संगीत की अधिकांश गायन शैलियों का जन्म लोकसंगीत से ही हुआ है। दोनों की अधिकांश विधाओं का मुख्य विषय प्रेम और श्रृंगार है। दोनों ही संगीत में ग्रामीण जीवन और वातावरण की झलक मिलती है। उपशास्त्रीय संगीत की विधाओं के साथ उन्हीं रागों का प्रयोग किया जाता है जो वास्तव में लोकधुनों से विकसित हुए है। उपशास्त्रीय संगीत की विधाओं के साथ उन्हीं तालों का प्रयोग किया जाता है जो लोकसंगीत की ही ताले मानी जाती है। इस प्रकार संगीत की दोनों ही विधाएं एक-दूसरे से भिन्न होकर भी एक-दूसरे से संबधित है। |
Pages: 520-524 स्वामी दयानन्द 19वीं शताब्दी में भारत के आभामण्डल पर उतरे, उस युग की प्रवृतियां व परिस्थितियां अलग थी। भारत व विश्व के सन्दर्भ में साम्राज्यवाद व उपनिवेशवाद मुख्य था। औद्योगिक क्रान्ति व कृषि क्रान्ति पश्चिमी यूरोप में आ चुकी थी। इसके बाद यूरोप के अन्य देशों, अमेरिका व जापान में भी यह दस्तक दे चुकी थी। यूरोप में राष्ट्रवाद उन्नत रूप में विकसित हो गया था एवं शस्त्रों की होड़ भी मुखर हो रही थी। यूरोपीय महाद्वीप की विभिन्न शक्तियों ने अपने से बड़े चारों महाद्वीपों एशिया, अफ्रीका, उत्तरी अमेरिका तथा दक्षिणी अमेरिका तथा छोटे महाद्वीप आस्ट्रेलिया पर साम्राज्यवादी-प्रभुत्व स्थापित कर लिया था। इसी आधार पर वे अपनी भाषा-संस्कृति को जहां प्रसारित करने में सफल हो रहे थे, तो दूसरी ओर अन्य क्षेत्रों का दमन करने में भी सफल हो रहे थे। इस प्रक्रिया में सर्वाधिक दयनीय हालत एशिया व अफ्रीका की हो रही थी। भारत पर अंग्रेजी साम्राज्य होने के कारण यहां की स्थितियाँ भी भिन्न नहीं थी। भारत के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में अंगे्रजों के विरूद्ध विद्रोह हुए, जिनमें सफलता नहीं मिली। इस कड़ी में 1857 का जन-विद्रोह भी हुआ, जिसका परिणाम दमन तो हुआ, लेकिन सरकार के लिए सचेत होने का सन्देश भी दे गया। जिसके बाद सरकार ने अपने रूख में बदलाव करने की घोषणा की तथा विक्टोरिया घोषणा में यहां तक कह दिया गया कि सरकार भारतीय प्रजा के साथ भेदभाव नहीं करेगी, बल्कि माय-बाप की भूमिका का निर्वाह भी करेगी। घोषणाओं के बाद भी सरकार की मूल प्रवृति में कोई बदलाव नहीं आया। दूसरी ओर 19वीं शताब्दी में सामाजिक-धार्मिक पूर्नजागर्रण भी उभरा, जिससे समाज का एक वर्ग जुड़ा भी। ऐतिहासिक दृष्टि से यह काल भारत व विश्व में आधुनिक काल के नाम से जाना जाता है। इस काल में राज्य की प्रकृति पुलिस राज्य से कल्याणकारी भी बनी। वाणिज्यवाद, पूंजीवाद, सैन्यवाद के साथ-साथ विश्व का ध्रुवीकरण भी बदला जिसके परिणाम दोे विश्व युद्ध रहे। इन स्थितियों के बीच स्वामी दयानन्द ने राजनीति, समाज, धर्म, अर्थव्यवस्था तथा सांस्कृतिक चिन्तन को नई दिशा दी। उनका चिन्तन इन सभी बिन्दुओं को आपस में समाहित भी करता था तथा प्रत्येक को अलग रूप में धारण भी करता था। स्वामी जी शासनतन्त्र के मनोविज्ञान को भी भांप गए थे तथा भारतीय समाज की वस्तु स्थिति से भी अवगत थे। उन्होंने इन दोनों पक्षों की सीमाओं को समझकर कार्य किया तथा अपना चिन्तन अभिव्यक्त किया। 1857 के जन-विद्रोह में दमन में जैसी पाश्विकता व अमानवीयता का अंग्रेजों ने प्रयोग किया, उसने भारतीयों को भयभीत कर दिया था, ऐसे में जनता को जगाना जरूरी था तो दूसरी ओर नवम्बर 1858 में महारानी विक्टोरिया ने जो घोषणा की, उसमें एक ओर भारतीयों के हितैषी होने का मुखोटा दिखाया गया था तो दूसरी ओर भय भी झलकता था कि अब सरकार ‘एक और 1857’ झेलने की स्थिति में नहीं थी। स्वामी जी ने इसी को अपने चिन्तन का औजार बनाया जो भारत में राष्ट्रवाद की लहर के रूप में उभरा। |
Pages: 305-311 The present study examined the depression among adolescents in relation to their socio-economic status. The study was conducted through descriptive method of research. The sample in the study were 400 government school students of 9th class who were selected randomly. The tools used for the present study were Beck Depression Inventory by Beck and Steer (1996) and Socio-economic Status Scale by Meenakshi (2004). The descriptive statistics such as Mean, Median, Mode and three-way ANOVA was used. It was revealed from the present study that the adolescents of low socio-economic status have more depression than the adolescents of high socio-economic status. On the basis of results which depicts that there is significant interactional effect of location and gender on depression, it is suggested that the school administrators should provide proper facilities and congenial environment to lessen the depression among students. |
Pages: 312-319 To study quality of life, satisfaction with life, and alcohol and substance related expectancy among the students, and to analyze the relation between different variables, independents and dependent. This study used three standardized tools for the collection of data viz. WHOQOL BREF, Satisfaction with life scale - Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985) and Alcohol and Drugs Attitude Saini and Singh (2010). The students of the Central University of Rajasthan constituted the universe of the study, and a total 50 students taken for the survey. University joint Email id network used for the data collection. The entire primary data collected from respondents analyzed with the help of quantitative techniques. Depicted that the mean of Physical Quality of Life: M=14.9276, std(X) =2.43296, Psychological Quality of Life: M=12.9600, std(X)=1.61714, Social Relationship Quality of Life: M= 15.0667, and std(X)=2.71052, Environment Quality of Life: M=13.7000, std(X)=2.40111, Total Quality of Life: M=25.9800, std(X)=0 .14142, Alcohol and Substance Expectancy: M=74.9200, σ = 25.54455, Satisfaction with Life: M=23.8800 and std(X) = 5.74216. There were 44 percent respondents found with Normal Expectancy, 50 percent with Moderate level Expectancy, and rest 6 percent had High Expectancy-related to alcohol and substances. In respect of satisfaction with life, it was reported that 8 percent of respondents were Extremely Satisfied, 40 percent were satisfied, 32 percent were Slightly Satisfied, 2 percent were neutral, 12 percent Slightly Dissatisfied, 4 percent were dissatisfied, and rest 2 percent found extremely dissatisfied with their life. |
Pages: 320-326 Alcohol addiction is among the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in India and elsewhere in the world. It is estimated that approximately 30% of adults consume alcohol at harmful or hazardous levels. Of these, 25% meet the criteria for an alcohol abuse disorder, such as the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence. It is well established that persistent heavy alcohol use and acute episodes of heavy drinking are linked to a wide range of adverse health, social, economic, and legal consequences. Individuals who consume alcohol to excess have elevated risk for physical, mental, and social problems, such as motor vehicle and other accidents, violence and vandalism, unwanted sexual experiences, liver and cardiovascular diseases, cancers, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, depression, panic attacks and suicide. The objective of the present study is to assess the adverse consequences of alcohol abuse across five dimensions, namely Social Responsibility, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Physical Health and Impulse Control. For this study I have taken 20 subjects diagnosed as chronic Alcoholics as my sample. The scale, “The Short Index of Problems” (SIP) was used to assess the adverse consequences of alcohol. It was found that the adverse consequences of alcohol represent themselves in all dimensions equally without any significant variation. The negative effects of alcoholism are seen in all aspects of an individual's life. |
Pages: 327-332 The present research study is an attempt to compare Rural and Urban Secondary School Students of District Srinagar on different dimensions of Social Intelligence and Academic Achievement. The sample of 120 students (60 rural & 60 urban) enrolled in 9th and 10th classes was selected randomly from six Secondary Schools of the district, in which 60 were male and 60 female. For the measurement of social intelligence of secondary school students, N.K. Chadda and Usha's Social Intelligence Scale was used. For Academic Achievement, 8th class results of sample subjects were consulted. The results of the study reveal that both the groups differ significantly on Social Intelligence and Academic Achievement. The study favours Rural Secondary School Students. |
Pages: 333-339 Cyber bullying refers to the use of information and communication technologies like emails, mobile phones, social networking sites , text messages etc. to support deliberate, repeated and hostile behavior of a group or an individual that is intended to harm other person. It is anti-social behavior on the internet. Cyber bullying is a global issue and its consequences are far reaching. The present study examined the mental and emotional health of cyber bullying victims in terms of anxiety, depression, positive well-being, self-control, general health and vitality and explored the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in enhancing their mental and emotional health. It was hypothesized that cyber-bullying victims will exhibit poor mental and emotional health in comparison to their peers. And further, that cognitive behavioral therapy will be effective in enhancing the mental and emotional health of cyber bullying victims. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase of the study, adolescents with cyber bullying experiences were identified. In the second phase, they were tested for their mental and emotional health and they were found to be having poor mental and emotional health in comparison to their peers. And in the final phase of the study, they were given cognitive behavioral therapy sessions which proved to be very effective in enhancing the mental and emotional health of cyber bullying victims. |
Pages: 340-344 Crisis helpline volunteers are individuals who offer telephone counseling service to people in psychological distress and have a strong suicidal ideation and urge. The objective of this study is to understand the experiences of crisis helpline volunteers who provides emotional support to person in distress and how this form of service has influenced their life. Nine crisis helpline volunteers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and data were analyzed qualitatively. Analysis of the interview yielded four major themes about volunteers 'experiences. They include characteristics of the callers and how they handle them, role of the organization in training and provide support for managing any negative emotions, subjective experiences as helpline volunteer, motivating factors which includes their personality characteristic, social service commitment, positive feedback. The volunteers are strongly driven by their sense of social commitment and desire to help persons in distress. They felt competent enough about themselves in providing crisis intervention, and they strictly adhere to the policy of confidentiality of the callers. Though they reported feeling distress after listening to the callers during their initial days, but with experience they have learnt to cope and manage their emotions. Working as a helpline volunteers have broaden their thought, increased their ability of problem solving in life and given them a sense of personal growth. |
Pages: 345-347 Parents of children with mental retardation experiences high level of emotional, financial and physical stress that may adversely affect the adjustment of their children. The main aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of parental attitude, perceived social support and Socio Economic Status on adjustment of their children with mental retardation. The sample consists of 300 parents (either mother or father) and their MR children. Parental age group is 25-55 yrs. The tools used for the measurement of variables are an adjustment inventory, scale of parental attitude towards mental retardates, scale of perceived social support and a personal data sheet. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Mean. The result revealed that there is a significant main effect of parental attitude and social support on adjustment among MR children. Whereas the third independent variable socio- economic status has not been found a significant contributor of adjustment. The interaction among these three variables yielded non-significant 'F' value. |
Pages: 348-350 As the findings of the study suggest that all the sampled dailies have not given much salience to this issue nevertheless the data reveals that media often follow an agenda. Dainik Bhaskar published 55 news stories which were biased nature and projected the workers union with negative treatment Dainik Jagran published 25 news stories that were biased nature. In these 25 news stories the newspaper clearly advocated govt. and company management and projected the trade union in such a way that as whole faults lies with trade union. Dainik Jagran followed by The Times of India with 24 biased news stories, Dainik Bhaskar published 13 biased stories and The Hindu has published just 1 story that was biased nature. |
Pages: 351-355 India is known worldwide for its culture, traditions, art and craft. It is culturally rich as India has a special place in the heart of every art aficionado, collector, enthusiast and student as it has a wealth of artistic creativity and beauty to offer. Indian art has a profound historical relevance and rich cultural roots. The study is done to find the major gaps in between the artists and the commoners. Some of the questions covered during the study are: 1. Why artists are not getting the value of art which they deserve. 2. What are the initiative we can take as a commoner to uplift the art society of India. People prefer putting up printed colored papers in the houses or paintings of Gods and Goddesses in their houses. Art piece is merely thought as a decorative piece. In the present research paper, the research is done to find whether this thought process really exists in our society if yes how it can be change it. This research includes interviews of few Artists, gallery owners, investors and curators. The study is limited to Mumbai. The study was able to get view gallery owners and artists. The research covered Art Galleries like Tao Art Gallery, Jahangir Art Gallery, Gallery 7 and Delhi Art Gallery and has also reached out to professors of Nirmala Niketan. The study has also included view of an entrepreneur who has started an online art gallery, Art Up (www.ArtUp.in). During the research few artists, gallery owners and curators were interviewed. According to them India has evolved a lot in art and is yet to evolve a lot more. The mind set of people for Art is very different to what people have it in abroad. Over there they respect their artists and art, they walk down to exhibitions and art gallery to know about art to understand art. Here people are little hesitant to walk down into the exhibitions and art galleries. Art should be involved as a subject and some theoretical knowledge should also be given in schools. In courses like Architecture and interior designing it should be more into detail so that they can also act as a changing agent in the society and tell commoners why they should put up paintings in their houses and what is it value. |
Pages: 356-358 New Media is a 21st century catchall term used to define all that is related to the internet and the interplay between technology, images and sound. The adolescents view the internet as a useful source of information and channel for speedy communication. Here the rural and urban communities differ in many respect including the accessibility of electronic information. The study was done in Kamrup Districts as there seems to be a rapid growth in many aspects which has been enhancing day by day. Adolescent girls are believed to go through critical time of life when important decisions are made that could dramatically impact the future trajectory of lives. This study was done on 30 adolescent girls of CBSE Schools of Kamrup Districts of Assam with an equal ratio of girls both from urban and rural background. It was found that the female adolescents in Kamrup metro reported of high levels of internet use for academic purposes, while the female adolescents from Kamrup rural were also highly academic oriented, but had spent lesser time in internet. |
Pages: 359-364 The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is one of the projective methods which analyzes the dynamic aspects of personality and is one of the most widely used storytelling technique which uses a narrative approach. The cognitive assumption in TAT is that the cognitive style of the patient often determines whether and how his needs and conflicts will be expressed in thematic content. The present study is aimed at formulating psychopathology formation based on the S-REF model of psychological disorders after Wells and Mathews (1994) and Stress-Vulnerability model (redrawn from Barlow, 2002, with permission) and how it gets influenced by several psychosocial factors of patients suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia and Mixed Anxiety and Depressive Disorder. The sample consisted of 6 patients, 2 from each group, on whom, Meta-Cognition Questionnaire (MCQ) (Cartwright-Hatton & Wells, 1997), Presumptive Stressful Life Event Scale (PSLES) (Singh et al., 1984), and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (Morgan & Murray, 1935), were administered along with clinical interviews. Qualitative analysis was done using the presenting complaints of the patients, narrations on TAT and also the findings from the clinical ratings (Datta, Das and Dogra, 2015), thereafter, psychopathology formation for each of the 3 groups was formulated. Results shows that, TAT narratives can also be coded without following a dynamic approach, and that other different models and/or approaches can be employed in different socio-cultural settings. Also, the models employed in the present study focus on the fact that there is presence of both metacognitive tendencies (Wells, 2000) and psychological vulnerability (Brown & Harris, 1978, 1989) towards acquiring the disorders, and definite maintaining factors, leading to the symptoms of the illness as outputs. |
Pages: 365-369 HIV/ AIDS appears to be an epidemic in the present day, both at the global and national level. It calls forth a myriad of negative emotions at the detection of HIV, some of the chief ones being denial, anger, depression, fatigue, fear, uncertainty, guilt, and changes in perspective. Counsellors need to take into consideration the darkened affects of such patients to help them to cope with the condition proactively. The present discourse sheds light to the efficacy of post-test counseling in offering adequate psycho-education, helping the system to combat negative emotions adequately and adopting a different perspective toward life in general, being loaded with greater extent of inner realization and deeper philosophy to embrace the reality gracefully. The “emotional crises” faced by such individuals has also been explained from the experiential perspective. |
Pages: 370-373 This paper aimed at probing into the intentions and implications of the media groups while planning and executing public service campaigns through interview method, and side-by-side observing the response of the lay person to such campaigns through survey-operation. The researcher encompassed the public service campaigns run by Dainik Bhaskar newspaper at Sirsa, Haryana; and attempted to recognize their impact vis-a-vis image-engineering. The loopholes left in-between during the process of running these campaigns were sought to be located by the researcher. |
Pages: 374-376 The purpose of the study was to explore the role of intelligence in risk taking among females. It is often assumed that females take less risk as compared to males. Another important exploration was to verify whether the degree of risk differs according to the level of intelligence. The participants were 240 females aged 20-35 years (inclusive of students, working, non-working, single, and married). The mean age was 27.5. They were assessed for Intelligence with Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven) and for Risk with Choice Dilemma Questionnaire (adapted version Kogan and Wallach) simultaneously. The data was statistically analyzed with Chi square. There was significant difference regarding levels of intelligence and risk taking. It was concluded that subjects in the category of definitely above average take high risk .As risk taking and decision making ability go hand in hand , therefore more subjects in the category of definitely below average take low risk. But subjects who were found intellectually superior take high and low risk equally. |
Pages: 377-379 Football is played in various countries as a professional game including Asia. In India it is one of the popular games. Therefore, the present research was planned to study the physiological variables in determining the performance of female football players. The findings of the present study state that physiological variables i.e. Blood Pressure and Vital Capacity are significantly correlated to the performance of football players. Among the total number of selected subjects, the mean score value of high performance players was more as compared to that of low performance players for vital capacity and equal for blood pressure. This further infers that high performance players performed better than the low performance players. |
Pages: 380-384 An intervention is an influencing force or act that occurs in order to modify a given state of affairs specifically persuading an individual while they need help. In the context of behavioral health, an intervention may be any outside process that has the effect of modifying an individual's behavior, cognition or emotional state. Intervention Strategies are specific techniques or procedures used by a therapist to bring about a desired change in the thinking or behavior of a client. There are several Interventions in the form of therapies: Psycho-therapy / talk therapy, Behavioral Therapy, Exposure Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Movement, art and music Therapy, Drug Therapy, Electro-convulsive Therapy (ECT), Psycho-social Treatments, Psycho-education, Self-help groups and support groups. Social Support System / Network and Support Group assists in Managing Well-being. Support System is one that provides assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. There are various benefits of a social support network. The people who share their lives with others will live longer, have fewer illnesses, and enjoy an enhanced quality of life. A strong social support system can act as a buffer between stressor and the difficult situations in life. A support group is different from a social support network. In social support network informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers. While formal assistance is provided by group of professionals such as psychiatrists, Psychologists, clinical social workers, licensed professional counselors and mental health counselors, Certified alcohol and drug abuse counselors, Nurse psychotherapists, marital and family therapists, religious counselors etc. The best-fit Supportive Strategic Intervention in Managing Well-being is the one that is most likely to be followed, 'goals must be the client's goals, strategies must be the client's strategies, and action plans must be the client's plans" (Egan, 1990, p.49). Assagioli' (1965) includes a wide range of techniques for personal 'psycho-synthesis'. Grof (1985) coined the term 'Transpersonal Intervention Strategies'. The transpersonal Strategic model is one in which the ego can be transcended, and the emphasis is not on "curing" rather giving guidance and encouragement to grow. Jung introduced two main intervention strategies termed as the dream analysis and free association. 'Active Imagination' is a technique to confront the unconscious while awake. It is a form of meditation using controlled imagery and it resembles with self-hypnosis. Hutchins' (1984) proposes thinking-feeling-acting (TFA) as Intervention Strategy. It is assumed that in TFA model people tend to have either a thinking orientation, or a feeling orientation, or an acting orientation. Psychological intervention applied by support group through supportive strategic interventions in managing well-being as per requirement and need of needful. |
Pages: 385-392 The advancement in different types of technology through the advent of Smartphone's, tablets, laptops and other digital devices of the sort have revolutionized the nature of society. This digital transformation seems to have brought about a radical shift in how an individual perceives himself with respect to the external world, having pervasive implications for his sense of self. The primary aim of this paper is to synthesize the evolution of the self over the years by borrowing key concepts from the psychodynamic, humanistic and existential approaches in psychology through the rather irresistible lens of technology and study their relevance in the 21st century. It is important to critically look into the varying approaches that have attempted to understand the self. The paper acknowledges the significant rise in the use of social media and consequently raises serious and urgent questions for mental health professionals confronting issues arising from constant networking and its inevitable impact on individuals which has no basis and parallel in history to cater to the pressing needs of the eleventh hour. |
Pages: 393-395 Women Empowerment refers to the creation of an environment for women where they can make decisions of their own for their own as well as for the society. If we believe that just being educated and having job, we are empowered, it is a myth. Even the educated and economically independent women are not always free from facing violence. Domestic violence is occurring frequently and often silently. Women are not able to protest or raise their voice due to fear of social rejection. Even in this era of modern communication and globalisation women are not allowed to take decision for their own life, they are not able to participate in the decision made by the male family members. Women often perceive themselves as incompetent and in capable than their male counterparts. In such a situation it is the high time for us to rethink and re-evaluate the reasons. Why women are lacking behind? Is it only due to lack of education, economic or political engagement or for something else? In search of exploring the answers, the present article is an attempt to highlight the importance psychological empowerment in overall development of women in understanding their sense of self and women empowerment in true sense. |
Pages: 396-401 The main focus of positive psychology is on promoting well-being and developing a sense of satisfying life. Which is said to be possible if it is focused on our present moment and accept it as it is. Mindfulness also shares few of the principles from the field of positive psychology. It is one such technique which is not meant only for the cure of illness but it can be used by individuals for the enhancement of their well-being. Mindfulness or Vipassana meditation is not new it developed out of Buddhist tradition almost (2000) years back. This form of meditation has shown improvement in many psychiatric conditions. Many new therapies are being developed by in cooperating mindfulness and researches have reveal the beneficial effects brought by the practice of mindfulness. Therapies like mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT), mindfulness based stress reduction (MBST), mindfulness based relapse prevention (MBRP) to name a few have shown significant improvement. This paper is an attempt to provide with the review on how mindfulness has turned from a Buddhist practice to an effective mode of treatment and a way to cope. Also a brief review of existing literature is done to show how effective it is. The paper will also discuss what can be done to make it even more effective and useful. |
Pages: 402-406 The present study examined social maturity among male and female; rural and urban as well government and private school students. For this purpose, a sample of 400 students were selected randomly; out of which 200 was male students (100 rural and 100 urban) and 200 female students (again 100 rural and 100 urban schools) 50% subjects were from government school and 50% were from private schools of punjab state. Social maturity scale developed by Dr. Nalini Rao was used. The results of present study reveal that there was significant differences between male and female, rural and urban and also among government and private school students. |
Pages: 407-411 Sport Performance, perhaps is the most marveled at and the most researched concept in the history of sports. However, its true nature is still intriguing the researchers. A major tenet of psychology is that the psychological skills are important determinants of sports performance. This research is an attempt to study the relation between Prakriti (gunas) and Task and Ego Orientation scale. Personality in the Indian mythology is defined by gunas which are Stability (sattvic), Activation (rajas) and Inertia (tamas). For this purpose IAS Mathew Scale by George Mathew and Task and ego orientation questionnaire by Joan Duda (1974) was administrated to 78 interstate level athletes in NCR Delhi between the ages of 18-21 years. Analysis of data was done by using descriptive statistics and correlation. The results indicate that Ego orientation, which is motivation towards achieving results and being better than others and to do so using maladaptive strategies, which eventually leads to state of helplessness. Rajas is a state of mental turbulence driven by greed for selfish activity and end in pain. Whereas Task Orientation is motivation towards learning a skill and having coping strategies. Sattvic is a state of wisdom and knowledge which removes darkness and turbulence. This study leaves a strong implication for trainers and sportspersons to actively upraise the sportsperson on their Prakriti and actively work on improving it to achieve success. It also suggests that Avoidance Orientation needs to be added in Sports Orientation Scales for understanding and improving performance. |