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Pages: 294-295
Sarita Boora (Consultant Psychologist, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi)

This study explores the influence of age and experience on depression among working women Delhi/NCR, India. The present study aimed to understand the impact of age and experience on depression. The study was conducted in Delhi and Gurgaon, India with a sample of 200 women professionals. The sample selection was done by a convenience sampling method. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation test. This study reveals that a large percentage of respondents experience medium level of depression and also suggest that age and experience significantly influence the overall depression experienced by the employees.
Pages: 294-295 Sarita Boora (Consultant Psychologist, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi)
Pages: 290-293
Dharambir Dhanda (CRM Jat College, Hisar, Haryana)

Since 1960, the Indian government has described the country's Naga insurgency as a grave threat to domestic security. The major causes of continuing insurgency in Nagaland is an Ethnicity, Economic development and political system. The insurgent have made their people promised that their struggling for their own rights .So the Naga people continue to be sympathetic towards the insurgents. The study of the sustaining dynamics behind Naga violence suggests that the rebels are growing operationally stronger due to profits derived from organized crime. The administration in the area has not been able to meet the demands made this demographically complex area.
Pages: 290-293 Dharambir Dhanda (CRM Jat College, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 287-289
Sarita Boora (Consultant Psychologist, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi)

Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new organizations or revitalizing mature organizations, particularly new businesses generally in response to identified opportunities. Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on the type of organization that is being started. Entrepreneurship ranges in scale from solo projects (even involving the entrepreneur only part-time) to major undertakings creating many job opportunities. It is affected by many factors which we have studied in this paper. The sample group (N=251) consists of female (N=101) (45%) and male (N=150) (55%). 150 urban and 101 rural students' sample were taken. 150 students belong to technical and 101 students from non-technical courses. Age range of students divided into two groups: 16-20 and 21-25. Gender and background were found to have significant effect on entrepreneurship behaviour.
Pages: 287-289 Sarita Boora (Consultant Psychologist, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi)
Pages: 283-286
Harikesh (Ph.D in Psychology, Bhiwani, Haryana)

Bullying is a specific form of aggressive behavior and can be described as a situation when a student: 'is exposed repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more students' (Olweus, 1993). These negative actions take place when an imbalance of power exists between the victim and the aggressor. The bullying behavior can be 'physical' (e.g. hitting, pushing, kicking), 'verbal' (e.g. calling names, provoking, making threats, spreading slander), or can include other behavior such as making faces or social exclusion. Children who bully others experience enjoyment in exercising power and status over victims and fail to develop empathy for others. In this way bullying eases the way for children who are drawn to a path of delinquency and criminality. The present paper attempts to review school bullying victimization and its underlying factors.
Pages: 283-286 Harikesh (Ph.D in Psychology, Bhiwani, Haryana)
Pages: 280-282
Neha Anand (Oxford College of Business Management, Bangalore, Karnataka)

Impression Management is a deliberate change in truth in order to make a favorable impression. It is a behavioral strategy that people use to create desired social image or identity. Here in this paper we will focus on explanation of impression management in social psychology and human resource management. Also we will focus on how to create impression under different designations and First impression is not always the last impression.
Pages: 280-282 Neha Anand (Oxford College of Business Management, Bangalore, Karnataka)
Pages: 276-279
Monika Choudhry (Tika Ram College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana)

Constructivism is basically a theory-based on observation and scientific study about how people learn. It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Rooted in cognitive psychology and biology it is an approach that lays emphasis an the ways knowledge is created in order to adopt to the world. The learning goal is the highest order of learning, heuristic problem solving, meta-cognitive knowledge, creativity and originality. According to this theory, instructors have to adapt to the role of facilitators and not as teachers. Constructivism promotes social and communication skills by creating a classroom environment that emphasizes collaboration and exchange of ideas. Students must learn how to articulate their ideas clearly as well as to collaborate on tasks effectively by sharing in group projects. Constructivism gives teachers another perspective to rethink how students learn and to focus on cognitive process, provide ways of documenting change and transformation. In fact, constructivism taps into and triggers the student's innate curiosity about the world and how things work. Isolated learning is an oxymoron. The current chapters highlights on the basic concept of constructivism, principles of constructivism, benefit, criticism, and educational implications
Pages: 276-279 Monika Choudhry (Tika Ram College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana)
Pages: 272-275
Wricha Malik (Department of HSB, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

In the present times entrepreneurship is required for grave practical reasons in the sense that it can revolutionize the way business activity is conducted at every level. Though entrepreneurship is desired by all the countries but it is certainly a boon for developing countries like India. Where enhancing growth rate is a major challenge entrepreneurial firms enable million of people, across all sections of society, age and gender to pursue the pursuit of economic success. The present paper reviewed the relation between entrepreneurial orientation and personality characteristics of the individual.
Pages: 272-275 Wricha Malik (Department of HSB, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 268-271
Neeru Bala (Department of Sociology, GSSS, Chakkan)
Nivedita Hooda (Department of Education, CDLU, Sirsa, Haryana)

Occupational Stress has become increasing common in teaching profession largely because of increased job complexities and increased economic pressure on individual. A major source of distress among teachers is the result of failure of school to meet the social needs and job demands of the teachers.This paper analytically discusses the occupational stress among primary and secondary school teachers in relation to sex(male and female) in sirsa. “The occupational stress index” was used to measuare the extent of stress which employee perceive arising from various constituents and condtion of their jobs. During study in sirsa city of haryana a sample of 200 primary and secondary school teachers of government and private school was taken by random sampling technique.The analysis indicates that there is significant difference in occupational stress of primary male and female as secondary male teachers are found to be more prone to occupational stress than secondary female teachers.
Pages: 268-271 Neeru Bala (Department of Sociology, GSSS, Chakkan) Nivedita Hooda (Department of Education, CDLU, Sirsa, Haryana)
Pages: 265-267
Jyoti Rani (Dayanad College, Hisar, Haryana)
Jatesh Kathpalia and Rashmi Tyagi (Department of Sociology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Empowerment of women would mean equipping women to be economically independent and personally self-reliant with a positive self-esteem to enable them to face any difficult situation. Moreover, they should be able to contribute to the development activities of the country. For empowering women economically, we need to enlarge her choices and access to various opportunities and also build her capacity for taking up successfully income generating activities and compete favourably in the market. Women's role in agriculture is significant as more than 80 per cent of the economically active women are engaged in agriculture and allied activities. This trend still continues. It is fact that women grow half of the world's food but own hardly any land. The need of empowering women for rural development can hardly be under-estimated. Rural women should be empowered in all respects. That is why it requires a specific study to know the status of rural women at macro level. Women's share in various segments during census might be showing a low degree participation, however, in practice, women hold substantial share in the work force of various sectors viz. 90 per cent in informal sector, 70 per cent in agriculture sector, 35.33 per cent in allied sector, 46.1 per cent in the khadi village industries, 65.5 per cent in handloom and sericulture.
Pages: 265-267 Jyoti Rani (Dayanad College, Hisar, Haryana) Jatesh Kathpalia and Rashmi Tyagi (Department of Sociology, College…
Pages: 262-264
Talwar Mini Satish (Department of Education, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)

A lot of research is being undertaken around the world to decipher the best way to deal with the problems of students and teachers alike. On one hand is the effort to bring every child in the mainstream and on the other hand are factors like language disorders which are sometimes more psychological that medical. The present research is an attempt to find out if picture writing practice programme can help teachers in overcoming language disorders and developing language and writing ability.
Pages: 262-264 Talwar Mini Satish (Department of Education, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)
Pages: 257-261
Ritu Chaudhary (Independent Scholar Commerce, Bhiwani, Haryana)

The present study examines the effect of sales promotion as a tool on customer attention to purchase in LMJ Service Ltd. Sales promotion consists of all activities other than advertising, personal selling and publicity, which help in promoting sales of the product. Such activities are non-repetitive and one time offers. According to American Marketing Association, sales promotion include, "those marketing activities other than personal selling, advertising and publicity that stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness, such as point of purchase displays, shows and exhibitions, demonstrations and various non-recurring selling efforts not in the ordinary routine."
Pages: 257-261 Ritu Chaudhary (Independent Scholar Commerce, Bhiwani, Haryana)
Pages: 252-256
Jyoti Singh, Chaitali Chatterjee and Anjali Sahai (AIPS, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh)

Women are at increasing risk of the HIV pandemic and face high rates of morbidity and mortality. Adverse associated factors are also playing an important role in their QOL. Present research aimed to examine the physical, psychological and social factors associated with quality of life among a sample of 120 HIV Afflicted rural women from Eastern Districts of Uttar Pradesh. Structured instrument were used to assess socio-demographic profile of women living with HIV. It is found prominently in results that socio-demographical variables like age, race, economic status, marital status, education level and time of HIV diagnosis were significantly associated with QOL of HIV Afflicted Women. It is also clear that HIV symptoms, perceived stigma, depression, adjustment problems were significantly and negatively associated with QOL whereas social support, problem focused coping strategies, perceived control on situations and healthy life-styles were significantly and positively associated with QOL (all p<.0001) of HIV Afflicted Women. HIV symptoms frequency, depression, problem-focused coping, perceived situational control, perceived stigma, healthy life-styles and race remained significant predictors of QOL and explained 55%of the variance among the study participants. These findings promote the need for support and resources in rural Indian Women Living with HIV. Intervention components that enhance spiritual peace, perceived QOL, may potentially be effective strategies for helping rural women living with HIV positive to cope with HIV stigma.
Pages: 252-256 Jyoti Singh, Chaitali Chatterjee and Anjali Sahai (AIPS, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh)
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