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Pages: 226-232
Nirmala Singh Rathore (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)
Mahesh Kumar Choudhary (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maharshi Arvind Group of Institutes, Jaipur)

In India securities market have a very long history. The first stock exchange was set up in Bombay in 1875. Since then the number of stock exchanges in the country has grown to 23 including the Over the Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE). In NSE there are about 2000 companies are listed with a market capitalization of around Rs.5466750 Crore (December 2011) and is expected to become the biggest stock exchange in India in terms of market capitalization. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was set up in 1988 as an administrative arrangement.Among the major stock exchanges the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) dominate the Indian Capital Market. Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is a value weighted index composed of 30 stocks with the base April 1979=100. It consist of the 30 largest and the most actively traded stocks. SENSEX touched 21,078 points on January 8, 2008.National Stock Exchange (NSE) was incorporated in November 1992 and in October 1995 it became the largest stock exchange of the country. It consists of a well diversified 50 stock index, nicknamed as S&P CNX Nifty or Nifty 50 or simply Nifty, accounting for 22 sectors of the Indian economy.
Pages: 226-232 Nirmala Singh Rathore (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur) Mahesh Kumar Choudhary (Department of…
Pages: 221-225
Palak Malhotra and Kranti Sihotra (Department of Psychology, GCW, Parade Jammu)

Excessive anxiety contributes to a sense of helplessness in which a person feels little control over the present or future and continues maladaptive behaviour. In view of the negative influences of long standing anxiety the present study attempts to understand the influence of anxiety upon the adolescents. An emotionally stable person has the capacity to make effective adjustments with himself, members of his family, and his peers in the world, society and culture. As adolescents are the future and pillars of nation, so it is important to study their anxiety level which might affect their achievement scores. Since adolescence is a huge transition period, it is important time for healthy adjustment. The present study was undertaken to study the anxiety level and achievement scores of adolescent boys and girls. 52 boys and 52 girls within the age of 14 to 18years from Govt. school of Jammu were selected as a sample. Data was collected by administering Sinha's Comprehensive anxiety scale by A.K.P Sinha (Raipur)and L.N.K Sinha(Patna). While Sharma Academic Achievement Motivation Test (AAMT) by T.R.Sharma was used to measure the academic achievement motivation of school students. Normative survey method and Random sampling technique was used in the present study. The data obtained was analysed statistically and the study revealed that there is no significant difference in the anxiety level and academic achievement scores of adolescents.
Pages: 221-225 Palak Malhotra and Kranti Sihotra (Department of Psychology, GCW, Parade Jammu)
Pages: 217-220
Sudha Katyal (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Government Home Science College, Chandigarh)

The present investigation was conducted to get an insight into burnout as related to general health and social support among female employees working in non-nationalized banks. The study was carried out in Chandigarh and its satellite towns-Panchkula and S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, on a sample of 100 female employees having minimum of 1year of job experience from 5 non-nationalized banks (20 from each bank). Standardized tools were used to measure various variables of the study. The findings revealed that majority of the subjects worked daily for 9-10 hours; frequently did overtime work with no payment and felt pressurized due to weekly targets. They were moderately satisfied with their job. They had moderate followed by high level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization but high level of personal accomplishment. There existed a highly significant negative correlation between number of social support and burnout. General health was found to have significant positive correlation with number of social support.
Pages: 217-220 Sudha Katyal (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Government Home Science College, Chandigarh)
Pages: 212-216
Niranjan Sia (Department of Psychology, Banki (Autonomous) College, Banki, Orissa)

A good number of works in recent years has demonstrated impressive cross-national similarities in the technique of resolving interpersonal conflicts among individuals. But a little attention is focused on inter group conflicts. As an experimental paradigm, the Lens model can be applied to a wide variety of problems including personnel selection, clinical judgment, organizational planning, conflict resolution, interpersonal learning and the effect of medication on cognitive process. The process of resolving intergroup conflict and its implications have been discussed in details, in this article.
Pages: 212-216 Niranjan Sia (Department of Psychology, Banki (Autonomous) College, Banki, Orissa)
Pages: 208-211
Kavita Suri (Department of Lifelong Learning (Formerly, Centre for Adult, Continuing Education & Extension)University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir)

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA) is a flagship national programme of the Government of India for the Universalisation of elementary education between 6-14 years of age groups. This programme is not only a response of the government to the demand for quality basic education all over the country but it is an opportunity for promoting social justice through basic education as well. The entire scheme which is being implemented throughout the country has different components viz. gender, access, quality education, community mobilization, Teaching-Learning Material (TLM), Computer-Aided Learning (CAL) etc. An important component of SSA is the Distance Education Programme (DEP) which is popularly known as DEP-SSA. It provides need-based support to state SSA functionaries through technology mediated learning. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), the apex institution in the field of Open Distance Learning (ODL) has been entrusted with the responsibility to implement distance learning interventions across the country to meet the training and learning needs of states at elementary level. The present paper explores the need for DEP-SSA programme in J&K. The education sector in J&K which was hit badly by the 24-year long violence has poor quality teachers which adversely affect the students. The untrained Rehber-e-Taleem (Educational Guide) who are initially appointed under a state government scheme as teachers, do not have adequate training and there number is significant. Thus, our State has a sizeable group of untrained teachers, like many other states of the country. According to rough figures, about twenty thousand teachers are without any professional training and the number is increasing by the day. The MHRD has expressed concern over the ever increasing number of teachers not having professional training and its adverse impact on the teaching-learning activities. The paper would focus on Distance Education and Teacher education in J & K State and how it can help in achieving quality education by organizing teachers training and capacity enhancement programmes to up-grade the level of teachers besides reorientation courses regularly.
Pages: 208-211 Kavita Suri (Department of Lifelong Learning (Formerly, Centre for Adult, Continuing Education & Extension)University…
Pages: 202-207
Mahadevi. S. Waddar and Vijaylaxmi A. Aminabhavi (PG Department of Psychology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnatak)

Mental Health is observed to be related to many personal, social and cultural factors. Among these several factors the type of stay, gender and birth order also seem to have greater impact on mental health. At the same time present students at higher education do experience many mental health problems due to high stress caused by rigorous competition. In view of this the present study is taken up to investigate the impact of nature of stay, gender and birth order of Post Graduate (PG) students on their mental health. Mental Health Inventory developed by Jagdish and Srivastava (1996) was administered on a 200 PG students of which 100 were staying at hostels and remaining at their own house. The findings of the study revealed that the students staying at home have significantly higher mental health in terms of several dimensions as well as over all scores. Male PG students are also observed to have significantly higher mental health in almost all dimensions and over all scores compared to PG girls. Further with regard to the influence of birth order on mental health multiple comparison test is also applied.
Pages: 202-207 Mahadevi. S. Waddar and Vijaylaxmi A. Aminabhavi (PG Department of Psychology, Karnatak University, Dharwad…
Pages: 198-201
Sonia (Institute of Management Studies and Research, Maharishi Dayananda University, Rohtak, Haryana)

The Indian Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry began to shape during the last fifty odd years. The FMCG sector is a corner stone of the Indian economy. This sector touches every aspect of human life. Indian FMCG market has been divided for a long time between the organized sector and the unorganized sector. Unlike the US market for FMCG which is dominated by a handful of global players, India's Rs. 460 billion FMCG market remains highly fragmented with roughly half the market going to unbranded, unpackaged home-made products. This presents a tremendous opportunity for makers of branded products who can persuade consumers to buy branded products. Globally, the FMCG sector has been successful in selling products to the lower and middle income groups, and the same is true in India. Over 70 percent of sales are made to middle class households today and over 50 percent is in rural India. The sector is excited about a burgeoning rural population whose income is rising and which is willing to spend on goods designed to improve lifestyle. Also with a near saturation and cut throat competition in urban India, many producers of FMCGs are driven to chalk out bold new strategies for targeting the rural consumer in a big way. Moreover, the arrival or existence of these goods must be known to consumer so that they can take interest and if found suitable to their needs and wants, they may go for ultimate purchase. The only way to reach this objective advertising is the dire need because; advertising is a mirror of society, reflecting people tastes habits and desires. Advertising is used for commercial purposes. Advertising today is used by everyone whether he is an individual, group, a company, a service organization, government and or social, non-commercial organization. It is advertising that keeps media independence align. Ad money pumps life into newspapers, magazines, and radio and television stations. Without this money, the media would depend upon government or on political parties having vested interests for survival and would lose its freedom. Advertising gives the public the right to choose between many options, many brands
Pages: 198-201 Sonia (Institute of Management Studies and Research, Maharishi Dayananda University, Rohtak, Haryana)
Pages: 194-197
Zeenat Zahoor and Abu Sufiyan Zilli (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

The present research investigation is aimed to make a comparative study of teaching attitude among private and government secondary school teachers. It was hypothesized that private school teachers would have better teaching attitude as compared to government school teachers. The sample of the present investigation comprises N= 300 senior secondary school teachers, 150 each from private and government schools. In each group there were 75 male and 75 female teachers. The respondents were randomly selected from different private and government secondary schools of Aligarh. The age of the respondents was found to be ranges between 22-50 years. Teaching attitude of the respondents was assessed by Teacher attitude scale by J.C Goyal (1984). The reliability and validity of this scale is well established. For analyzing the data and obtaining the appropriate results t-test was used. The teaching attitude was found to be statistically significant. The findings of the present research have far-reaching implications in the current world of educational development.
Pages: 194-197 Zeenat Zahoor and Abu Sufiyan Zilli (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)
Pages: 188-193
Purnomo Ananto (Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif, Jl. Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia)

The main focus of this study was to examine the researcher's reconstructed views about Life Skills Education approach in Civic Education for the development of Human Resource in Indonesia's creative industry. It has been based on the existing gap between the real situation and the conceptual framework (Das Sein and Das Solen) about human resource and the required life skills to operate in the industry. In the context of this study, the problem being referred to is the issue of globalization and the limited employment opportunities for the increasing numbers of the working age group in the country. The research employed a qualitative approach. This approach helped in the reconstruction of life skills education views and character education (Constructivism) for the field of civic education through a phenomenological approach. I relied on the respondents' views to explore and to establish appropriate views for the study. The data was gathered through: (1) the review of literature; (2) in-depth interview of the participants, practitioners and the students taking courses on creative industry, as well as the participants from the creative industries; (3) observation of respondents. The data, was processed through a reduction process, analysis and presentation were done qualitatively. Conclusion: (1) the transmission of national values or the reconstruction of a social system in the educational institutions can be conducted through civic education, the transmission can cover character education and civic skills; (2) as a holistic framework in shaping citizens skills for a positive contribution to the social system, civic education should be able to shape people's character and life skills, needed for human performance; (3) the education soft skills within civic education have become the basic foundation for the establishment of good character, smart citizens and a creative nation. This makes this form of education a very important component in the teaching and learning process, which in turn helps to generate human resource that is able to adapt to the demands of the rapidly changing era in the creative industries.
Pages: 188-193 Purnomo Ananto (Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif, Jl. Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia)
Pages: 182-187
Nike Kamarubian (Department of Nonformal Education, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia)

This is a research about the implementation of a competency-based training as a human resources development program. It aims to establish the procedures for the implementation of competency-based training which consist of three steps, planning, implementation, and evaluation, in Nalendra Hotel Bandung. The supporting theories used in this research are: the theories of human resources development proposed by Soekidjo Notoatmodjo (1992), the theories of training proposed by Robert L. Craig (1989) and Nedler (1984), and the theories of competency and competency-based training by Kevin Lohan (1995) and William E. Blank (1982). The methodology used in this research is qualitative approach using the case study method. The data was obtained from observation, interview, and documentation of the study. The subjects of this research consist of instructors, training participants and the organizers of the training program. There were three steps used when conducting this research: pre-field activities, field activities and intensive analysis. The research results can be concluded as follows: The procedures for the implementation of employees' training program in Nalendra Hotel Bandung with a competency based-approach as an attempt to develop human resources are: a) Planning: being the study of identification process towards the training need, training curriculum design, recruitment process of training participants, selection of learning and funding sources, elaboration of training materials, procurement of learning facilities, selection of training method and the techniques, and arrangement of evaluation tools; b) Implementation: this is the condition of the learning atmosphere and pre-test, delivery of learning materials, application of learning materials and the techniques, practice; and c) Evaluation: The pre-test, process test and post-test, so that this competency-based training program can run effectively and efficiently when those three components are done carefully, considering the principles of competency-based training. In relation to what the researcher found, there are some recommendations that can be considered: a) To optimize research results, Nalendra Hotel should show appreciation directly to the employees who have passed and awarded a certificate for their competent mastery so that it can improve their motivation to follow other training programs seriously, b) It is necessary to conduct an in-depth study to know the effectiveness and usefulness of this kind of training for a company, considering that this competency-based training program was conducted for the first time, and c) Organizers should be able to develop and increase the cooperation among training participants, instructors, and all parties related to the training program, because the success of this training program is not the responsibility of only one aspect, but it requires good co-operation from all the parties.
Pages: 182-187 Nike Kamarubian (Department of Nonformal Education, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia)
Pages: 173-181
Vandana Punia (Department of Education, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana)

The study investigated the effects of the three different instructional strategies used in briefing sessions of Microteaching Lesson about the skill of stimulus variation as it relates to the motivation of pupil teachers. Motivation of pupil teacher is assessed by ARCS model of John Keller in Indian conditions. Motivation scale was further standardized and adapted by the author by using factor analysis and alpha Cronbach's. The purpose of this investigation was to identify how different instructional strategies affected learner motivation in a workplace training situation. Three formats were selected for evaluation i.e. Power Point presentations that consisted of still slides with demonstrations of techniques discussed, lecture presentations by experts on the subjects that included use of overhead projector as well as demonstration of skills, and the motivational designed applications that utilized an interactive Motivational Multimedia Format. These three instructional methods are considered as the representative of methods frequently used in the workplace. The proposed study has its inbuilt significance as it will dwell upon the most effective instructional strategies which lead to enhancement of the motivation amongst the learners. The participants in the present research were 93 pupil teachers, including participating in control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2, enrolled in three different sections of B. Ed. at Department of Education, Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa during the winter 2012. The study adopted pre-test, post-test, control group, quasi-experimental designs with 2x3 factorial matrixes. Instruments used were practice teaching skill rating scales and learner motivation tool. Data was analyzed by using ANOVA, analysis of covariance, factorial designs etc. It has emerged that there is significant main effect of instructional strategies on motivation level of teacher trainees in briefing session of micro teaching lesson about teaching skills.
Pages: 173-181 Vandana Punia (Department of Education, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana)
Pages: 168-172
Dalvir Singh and Jagpreet Kaur (Department of Education, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Life skills are the abilities for adaptive and Positive behaviour that enables the individual to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence of life skills in a random sample of 300 adolescents from Sangrur district of Punjab. Life skills scale by Sharma (2003) was used to measure life skills among adolescents. The descriptive statistics revealed that adolescents in the sample possess an above average level of life skills. The results of t-test revealed non-significant gender differences in life skills among adolescents. However, significant differences were observed in life skills among adolescents in terms of location, type of school, caste and across high and low levels of academic achievement. Implications of the results are discussed.
Pages: 168-172 Dalvir Singh and Jagpreet Kaur (Department of Education, Punjabi University, Patiala)
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