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Pages: 306-308
Kanika Garg (Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Samalkha, Panipant, Haryana)
Karan Rana, Shubham Jain, and Tushar Jain (Department of Management Studies, Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Samalkha, Haryana)

In this global competitive environment, effective leadership style is necessary to reduce the attrition rate. From the effective leadership styles only it is possible to achieve organizational goal productively. Leadership styles affect on the employee performance and productivity. An effective leader influences followers in a desired manner to achieve desired goals. So the main aim of this study is to identify the leadership styles among Management and Engineering students. In order to fulfill the objective the study has been selected the sample of 120 students who are studying in management and engineering departments. The data has been collected through standardized questionnaire which is developed by Northhouse (1985). Study found that Engineering students are more Task-Oriented and Management students are more Relationship-Oriented.
Pages: 306-308 Kanika Garg (Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Samalkha, Panipant, Haryana) Karan Rana, Shubham Jain…
Pages: 301-305
Suman Madan (Department of Management Studies, Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Samalkha, Panipat, Haryana)

In a developing economy like India, Micro and small enterprises play a vital role. Lack of adequate credit facilities is a critical problem for this sector. Almost 92.77% of MSME units are completely dependent on personal savings or self-finance available through informal sources like money-lenders. However, many of the credit related problems has already been resolved by the ministry of MSME by offering lucrative policies and schemes to this sector. Banking Sector has also given a fillip to this sector by providing the credit on ease terms. A businessman cannot do without banks. The attitude of bankers towards their customer's influences what they do and how they grow their businesses. It is the Banker who helps the entrepreneur since the recogntion of need up to its fulfillment. Hence, Bankers attitude carries higher weightage in accesibility to finance. This paper aims to examine the impact of Bankers attitude on Financial Accessibility of Micro and Small Firms. For this purpose, primary data has been collected through structured questionnaire from a sample of 523 firms.
Pages: 301-305 Suman Madan (Department of Management Studies, Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Samalkha, Panipat…
Pages: 297-300
Sunita Mehla and Suman Ghalawat (Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Organic foods are basically natural food which are ecologically safe and produced with environmentally harmless processes. These foods do not contain man made inputs like pesticides, chemical fertilizers, genetically modified organisms and are not processed by means of irradiation, industrial solvents or chemical food additives. The study focused to study the demographic profile of respondents and to identify the reasons for buying organic product. In this paper descriptive analysis has been used to achieve the objective of the study. In the study, primary data has been collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaire from 200 respondents from Hisar district of Haryana. Respondents have a relatively equal proportion of males (58 %) and females (42 %). Majority of the respondents (58%) were married. Respondents are young and dynamic. Majority belongs to service and students mix. Moreover, most of the respondents were from middle income group. Majority of the respondents purchase organic product online, followed by retail shops. As we can see our respondents are youth and generally preferred online shopping. Respondents prefer to buy food/drink (40%), followed by cosmetics (35%) and clothes (25%). Regarding the reason for buying organic product, majority of the respondents preferred organic product because of the quality of organic product (64%), followed by health concern (19%), and prefer the taste/texture/feeling (17%). Youth is more concern about their health and ready to pay high price for the quality product.
Pages: 297-300 Sunita Mehla and Suman Ghalawat (Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar…
Pages: 292-296
Meenakshi and Gurmeet Singh (Department of Education & Community Services, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Education is the most important invention of mankind. It has transformed man from 'two legged animal' into human being. It is a process of human enlightenment and empowerment for the achievement of a better and higher quality of life. It is a never ending process of inner growth and development. Its period stretches from cradle to grave. Child enters the school, studies and achieve in studies, attains maturity in all most every sphere, leaves it and enters the college or university. During his stay in the school, the student is concerned about his academic achievement, his family, peer group and school, put different pressures upon him for excellent achievement. In all this affects his general mental status. There is no doubt that academic achievement is important. But it leads to academic anxiety and unhappiness of the individual. Than it can lead to many psychological problems to an individual. He/she may indulge in self injury or social destruction out of frustration or poor mental health. Hence there is a need to study the relationship between academic achievement and academic anxiety, academic achievement and happiness.
Pages: 292-296 Meenakshi and Gurmeet Singh (Department of Education & Community Services, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)
Pages: 286-291
Bijayalaxmi Panda (Regional Advocacy Officer- Advocacy, Fight Hunger Foundation/Action Against Hunger, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Abdul Halim (Communications Officer, Fight Hunger Foundation/Action Against Hunger, New Delhi)
Mousumi Gupta (Department of Advocacy, Action Against Hunger/Fight Hunger Foundation, New Delhi)
Arish Syed (Executive Director, Action Against Hunger/Fight Hunger Foundation, New Delhi)

Children's experiences of poverty and vulnerability are multidimensional and differ from those of others. Around 170 million or 40% of children in India are vulnerable to or experiencing difficult circumstances (Udayan Care & UNICEF). Children undergo complex physical, psychological and intellectual development as they grow, and are also often more vulnerable to malnutrition, disease, abuse and exploitation (UNICEF). The Government of India recognises all the vulnerable children as “Children in difficult circumstances; characterised by their specific social, economic and geo-political situation”. In addition to providing a safe environment for these children, it is vital to ensure that all other children also remain protected. Child protection is integrally linked to every other right of the child, and failure to ensure children's right to protection adversely affects all other rights of the child (MWCD), and failure to protect children has serious consequences on the physical, mental, emotional and social development of a child. These development indicators are also directly linked to the nutritional intake of a child. Under-nutrition of children is a major public health problem and children under five years of age are more vulnerable than others. Children residing in Social Welfare Hostels/orphanages are more prone to malnutrition compared to children staying at home with their parents. This could lead to more morbidity among these children (Bhat & Bangera, 2017). Hence, a proper surveillance of their nutrition status is required to ensure optimum health and nutrition care. Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) is based on the principles of 'protection of child rights' and 'best interests of the child' and aims to institutionalize services for emergency outreach, family and community based care, counselling and support. ICPS sensitizes functionaries in the system towards child protection and raise public awareness. It seeks to put in place both preventive and curative mechanisms for a child needing protection from exploitation, harassment, health hazards etc. The model adopts Government-Civil Society partnership to ensure child protection and create a safe and healthy environment for the children of India. It was found that due to lack of regular supervision and commitment to implement and monitor standards of child care institutions, lack of maintaining standard care (food, accommodation, sanitation, leisure) in all institutions due to lower funding, staff etc, children do not get adequate food and nutrition, environment for the development of health both physically and psychologically (NIPCCD, 2011; NIPCCD, 2001; MWCD, 2007; IRMED, 2009-10). Though ICPS is a flagship child protection scheme for the development of health and nutrition of children through institutional settings in India where large numbers of children live, hardly any study was found to focus on budget to maintain their health and nutritional needs. Even disaggregated data is also not available about the number of children of different age groups who are staying in institutions due to their vulnerabilities and number of children homes that are running in India. So it is difficult to calculate the amount provided for food and nutrition to normal and sick children.
Pages: 286-291 Bijayalaxmi Panda (Regional Advocacy Officer- Advocacy, Fight Hunger Foundation/Action Against Hunger, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Abdul Halim…
Pages: 283-285
Fateme Tavakoli and Firooz Rezaeian (Department of Educational Sciences, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The aim of this study was to compare the intelligence nonverbal social skills in preschool children of employed mother's non-employee city of Shiraz. A total of 50 children with working mothers and 50 children with mothers of normal city using random sampling - a cluster of two or three public preschool were chosen Matson social skills (1983) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (1939) as a research tool was distributed between two groups of children. The results showed that children with employed mothers in social skills and non-verbal intelligence gained higher scores than children with non-employee mother.
Pages: 283-285 Fateme Tavakoli and Firooz Rezaeian (Department of Educational Sciences, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University…
Pages: 280-282
Jatesh Kathpalia, Rashmi Tyagi, and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Direct seeded rice (DSR), most likely older method of crop establishment, is gaining popularity because of its low-input demand. It offers certain advantages i.e. it saves labour, requires less water, less drudgery, early crop maturity, low production cost, better soil physical conditions for following crops and less methane emission, provides better option to be the best fit in different cropping systems. Comparative yields in DSR can be obtained by adopting various cultural practices like, selection of suitable cultivars, proper sowing time, optimum seed rate, proper weed and water management. It can also be stated that soil problems related to rice and following crops can be solved with direct seeding. There are several constraints associated with shift from PTR to DSR, such as high weed infestation, evolution of weedy rice, increase in soil borne pathogens, nutrient disorders, poor crop establishment, lodging, incidence of blast, brown leaf spot etc. By overcoming these constraints DSR can prove to be a very promising, technically and economically feasible alternative to PTR. The contextual matrix and constraints associated with adoption of DSR are discussed in this paper. The study was conducted in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state. From this district, two blocks namely Thanesar and Pehowa were selected randomly. The data presented that constraints regarding input and marketing perceived by respondents was high cost of seed and 'lack of marketing facilities in village' ranked first constraint, respectively.
Pages: 280-282 Jatesh Kathpalia, Rashmi Tyagi, and Vinod Kumari (Department of Sociology, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 276-279
Poonam, Shakuntla Punia, and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Home Science, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryna)

Parental functioning is influenced by a variety of forces, yet the personal resources of parents have the greatest potential for buffering the parenting system. Factors related to the parents are most central to parenting competence, often mediating associations between broader social variables and variation in parenting styles. In the present study, focus was mainly on three parental variables i.e., temperamental qualities, malaise and emotional intelligence. The study was undertaken in purposively selected Hisar city, of Haryana State. A total of 120 two-children families were selected randomly equally representing the two SES groups i.e., upper-middle (60) and lower-middle (60). Regarding temperamental qualities out of the total sample of fathers, nearly 17% were identified as having extraversion temperament and another 10 per cent had neuroticism temperament profile. In case of mothers nearly 20 and 17 per cent were categorized into extraversion and neuroticism temperament profile. Further, majority of mothers and fathers possessed normal level of emotional intelligence and upper -middle SES mothers and fathers were slightly better in emotional intelligence than their counterparts. Regarding comparative status on malaise of parents, non-significant differences between mothers and fathers were depicted in overall sample and within two SES groups. However, on the basis of mean scores it can be interpreted that fathers scored slightly higher on malaise than mothers showing that fathers were more at risk of illness (psychological or physiological).
Pages: 276-279 Poonam, Shakuntla Punia, and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies College…
Pages: 269-275
Suman Ghalawat and Amita Girdhar (Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Akhil Sangwan (ADO, Analyst Quality Control Lab, Hisar, Haryana)
Sunita Mehla (Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Online shopping is an innovative and emerging market for youth. Online shopping provides college students with a large variety of products from which he can make comparative analysis and pick the best out of it. The study focused to determine the relationship of online shopping variables with factors influencing overall satisfaction among students. In the present scenario, college students are mostly doing online shopping. In this paper factor analysis and ANOVA has been used to achieve the objective of the study. In the study, primary data has been collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaire from 200 college students from Hisar district of Haryana. Factor analysis discloses six factors namely threat to a system, customer care, information sharing, online shopping advertising and lastly online schemes. ANOVA analysis discloses that preferred payment method, amount of money spent for online shopping on items and reasons for online payment has significant relationship with threat to system and information sharing. On the other hand, amount of money spent for online shopping on items has significant relationship with customer care, whereas reason for online payment has significant relationship with awareness.
Pages: 269-275 Suman Ghalawat and Amita Girdhar (Department of Business Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar…
Pages: 266-268
Nootan Katara, Shanti Balda, and Santosh Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was conducted in Hisar city of Haryana state and Udaipur city of Rajasthan state. From Hisar and Udaipur cities, two schools, one affiliated to CBSE and one affiliated to state education board, were selected at random. From each school 60 students including 30 boys and 30 girls in the age group of 13-16 years were selected randomly. So, the total sample constituted of 240 students, 120 from Hisar city and 120 from Udaipur city equally representing male and female respondents. Parental encouragement was assessed by using Parental Encouragement Scale by Sharma (1997). Educational aspiration was assessed by Educational Aspiration scale by Sharma and Gupta (2015). The results elucidated that there were significant positive correlation between parental encouragement and educational aspirations of children. Children with low educational aspirations received low level of parental encouragement; while children with high educational aspirations received high level of parental encouragement. The regression results confirmed that parental encouragement was strong predictor of educational aspiration of high school children.
Pages: 266-268 Nootan Katara, Shanti Balda, and Santosh Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…
Pages: 261-265
T. R. Sridevi Krishnaveni and R. Arunachalam (Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

A scale measuring the degree of affect of the students towards the agricultural education system was developed. Sixty five possible, scrutinized statements were examined to assess their degree of favorability using a five point continuum with respect to their capacity to measure the attitude of the respondents towards agricultural education system. The S- value and Q- value of each statement were found. Equal appearing interval method was used for developing the scale. The statements were selected and the validity and reliability of the scale was tested. The scale developed consists of both positive (6) and negative (4) statements. Thus, the final scale was developed which could measure the students' level of attitude towards agricultural education system. This study was implemented among 114 number of final year B. Sc. (Agriculture) students of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to assess their level of attitude towards the present agricultural education system. The results showed that most of the students were found distributed between medium to high level of attitude.
Pages: 261-265 T. R. Sridevi Krishnaveni and R. Arunachalam (Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology…
Pages: 258-260
Ashok Kumar, Poonam Rani, Krishan Kumar, Sonu Kumar, and Harjinder Singh Nathal (Department of HDFS, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

In the present paper an attempt has been made to study to acquire information regarding behaviour and feedback of farmers visiting farmers' fair of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The present study was conducted at CCSHAU, Hisar main campus. It was concluded that the main source of information about farmers' fair was friends and relatives (41.50%) followed by fellow farmers (37%). However in case knowledge level of farmers regarding farmers' fair activities was seeds sale (84.00%) followed by agro-industrial exhibition (83.50%). In case of purpose of visiting farmers' fair to purchase high yielding varieties of seeds (53.50%) was the main purpose followed by visit to agro-industrial exhibition (51%). Private organisations ranked first with weighted mean score (2.78) followed by agro-industrial (2.41).
Pages: 258-260 Ashok Kumar, Poonam Rani, Krishan Kumar, Sonu Kumar, and Harjinder Singh Nathal (Department of…
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