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Pages: 45-48
David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, 17 Worthington Avenue, Kingston, Jamaica)

The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research paper was to examine to what extent a relationship existed between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among fast food restaurant employees in the Caribbean. The study included a sample of 40 full-time and part-time employees who worked in a fast food restaurant in the Caribbean. Study participants completed two survey instruments, which included the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) short form and the Klein Unidimensional Target-free (KUT) scale. The questionnaires were in the form of hard copies. The Spearman rank coefficient was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the relationship between the variables of interest: job satisfaction and organizational commitment. A total of usable surveys from the sample representing a response rate. Results indicated that there was a moderate significant positive relationship between overall job satisfaction and overall organizational commitment among fast food restaurant employees in the Caribbean.

Pages: 45-48David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, 17 Worthington…

Pages: 42-44
Kiran Bala (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, College of Community and Applied Sciences, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan)
Snehlata Maheshwari (Department of Extension Education, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan)
Rajshree Upadhayay (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, College of Community and Applied Sciences, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan)

India still has the highest number of under-weight children under five in the world and 70 per cent of children are anemic. The link between malnutrition and infant feeding has been well established. Poor feeding practices in infant and early childhood resulting in malnutrition contribute to impaired cognitive and social development, poor school performance and reduced productivity in later life. A mother is the principle provider of the primary care that her child needs during the first five years of life. Nutritional awareness of mothers plays an important role in the health of children aged 0-5 years. The present study was undertaken to develop multimedia CD on nutrition for children (0-3 years) for rural women with these objectives: To assess the comprehension of designed multimedia CD by rural women. The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajsthan state with a sample of 30 illiterate rural women to field test multimedia CD for its comprehension by rural women. Findings revealed that overall comprehension of messages through multimedia CD was found to be very good with MPS 93.62. Among four components, the diet during childhood ailments was comprehended to the highest extent (99.021 MPS) followed by feeding practices (94.44 MPS), supplementary nutrition (89.97 MPS) and normal nutrition (87.97 MPS). Thus, it could be concluded that comprehension of multimedia CD was found to be good and the developed multimedia CD can be utilized by the various government and non government functionaries involved in TOT.

Pages: 42-44Kiran Bala (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, College of Community and Applied…

Pages: 38-41
Deepika Sharma and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human development & Family Studies, I.C College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study “Impact of Socio-economic status on the Behaviour of Rural and Urban Adolescents” was undertaken with the specific objectives, viz. (i) to find out the relationship of adolescents' aggression with family environment (ii) to find out the factors affecting adolescents behavior. The data was collected from Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. A total sample of 250 adolescents' in the age group of 13-15 years was randomly selected. Standardized scale of Family Environment Scale by Bhatia and Chadha (1993)was used to measure the family environment of the adolescents. The collected data were tabulated, processed and analyzed by employing statistical technique i.e. frequencies and correlation. The results of study indicated that adolescents residing in urban area had more aggression. Regression analysis of the aggression of adolescent's showed that residential area, family income, number of siblings, maternal occupation, gender and paternal education were the predictors of aggression.

Pages: 38-41Deepika Sharma and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human development & Family Studies, I.C College…

Pages: 33-37
Bharti Rani, Saroj Yadav, and Neelam M. Rose (Department of Textile & Apparel Designing, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Macramé is a form of textile-making by series of knots rather than the typical way of weaving or knitting. It is a wonderful way of expressing creativity, personal style and individuality by creating designs through combinations of knots. This knotting technique can be used for producing many diversified products like decorative items, jewellery, fashion accessories such as belt, bangle hanger, hand bag, shoe bag, shrugs, foot wears, candle holder, bottle holder, vertical garden plant hanger, wall hanging, cushion covers, curtains etc. Thus, the present study was undertaken to develop the partition curtains using Macramé technique and assess their consumer's acceptability. Selected five knot combination designs comprising of double half hitch knot, half knot, flat knot and popcorn knot in different combinations were used for development of designs for partition curtains. Total thirty designs of partition curtains, were created in CorelDRAW 12 software. As per the preferences of experts five designs of curtain were selected and five partition curtains were developed through Macramé technique using selected designs. cost of each curtain was calculated separately including cost of raw material and labour charges. The developed Macramé curtains were got assessed from thirty consumers on different parameters using three point rating scale. The cost of developed curtains ranged from Rs. 1203/- to 1507/-. The factors responsible for variability in the total cost of curtains were the cost of cords, beads and labour charges involved in preparation of curtains. The results indicated that the developed Macramé partition curtain were found highly appealing in terms of design, knot combination and overall appearance as indicated by weighted mean score values above (2.33). Consumers highly appreciated the developed curtains in relation to being attractive and unique, suitability of Macramé technique, materials used and selected knot combination for development of partition curtains. The developed designs maintained the beauty of macramé technique, as per trend and had good market potential. Majority of the respondents reported that cost of developed curtains was appropriate. The women both from rural or urban backgrounds have leisure time, which can be productively and creatively utilized if indulge in learning and making of Macramé articles. Hence, this art form can help them in using their leisure time and even generating income.

Pages: 33-37Bharti Rani, Saroj Yadav, and Neelam M. Rose (Department of Textile & Apparel Designing…

Pages: 29-32
Manjot Kaur, Ravijot Kaur, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Language and Culture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to measure the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among distressed farmers of Punjab. Snowball technique was used for the selection of the distressed farmers and total 400 farmers comprised the sample. Selected sample was spread across the agricultural geographies from various districts of Punjab. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared and data were collected personally by the researcher. The scales measuring depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and suicidal ideation (Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation) were administered on the farmers to measure the level of depression and suicidal ideation among them. Results revealed that majority of the distressed farmers fall under 31-45 years of age and were male farmers. More than fifty per cent respondents were having 5 to 8 members in their family and were small farmers. Highest percentage (89%) of the respondents was under heavy debt of different denominations. Nearly one third of the respondents had moderate level depression and a large proportion of the respondents had low level of suicidal ideation. Age had negative and significant and significant relationship with suicidal ideation. Gender, total family members and total tube wells has negative and significant relationship with depression. The analysis also indicted that total number of livestock has negative and significant relationship with depression while positive and significant relationship with suicidal ideation. It can be concluded that medical and mental health services are important for early and effective treatment and relief for those suffering from depression or are at the edge of it. Treatment interventions alone cannot achieve significant reductions in personal, social and financial burden associated depression and suicidal ideation and therefore interventions are required earlier in the development of these conditions.

Pages: 29-32Manjot Kaur, Ravijot Kaur, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Language and Culture…

Pages: 25-28
Priyanka Panwar (Department of Human Development and Childhood Studies, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

Respect plays an important role in every individual's life as to feel respected is regarded as an indispensable human right. Respecting someone is to give value to them and honor their words and actions. The present study was centered on examining various ways through which adolescents expressed and displayed respect towards people. To design the present study, a qualitative approach was used and the sample was selected from Sikandra Road, New Delhi, India. The sample comprised of 50 adolescents in the age range of 14-15 years. The tools used in the study were interview schedule and focused group discussion. The major findings of the study were that the ways in which adolescents displayed respect included respecting others by greeting, honoring, venerating and being obedient to others. It was also seen that participants' expressed respect differently to elder people, same age group and younger people. The study also revealed that both boys and girls emphasized more on respect for girls in our society. There appeared a difference in displaying respect towards people based on age hierarchy and gender.

Pages: 25-28Priyanka Panwar (Department of Human Development and Childhood Studies, Lady Irwin College, University of…

Pages: 21-24
Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Human rights represent the right of all human beings of sexes, men and women. Women represent about half of total population and gender inequality and biasness are main features of rural society. Marriage is an auspicious ceremony which unites two bodies and soul into one. It is lifelong bonding of male and female. The demand of dowry or dowry system is a deep rooted problem in our society. The dowry system is a cultural system in India in which parents of bride pay a huge sum of money, jewellery, gift and other household items to the parents of groom before marriage, during and after marriage. The issue of dowry problem becomes a matter of great concern for whole country as well as for Haryana where male-female ratio is at the lowest level. There is an urgent need to study the dowry problem among rural women of Haryana. The present study was undertaken with the following specific objectives: To assess the nature and extent of dowry problem and to delineate the socio-economic and cultural factors affecting the problem of dowry. It was found that maximum numbers of the respondents (40.0%) were facing medium level of problems of dowry followed by low (35.0%) and high (25.0%). Factors like age, education and socio-economic status of the respondents were found significantly associated with dowry problem. Maximum number of women hailed from young age group, middle-senior secondary, medium to high socio-economic status were facing the problem related to dowry. Majority of women who had problem of dowry were harassed by mother-in-law and husband for dowry. It was concluded that main social cause for increasing the problem of dowry was greediness and dowry system which is deep rooted in our tradition.

Pages: 21-24Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 17-20
Arti Kumari, Ritu Singh, Manisha Mehra, and Amit Kr. Mishra (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A.T., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand)

The present study examined differences in the personality of adolescents across their number of siblings. The adolescents for the present study were drawn from four different social classes (Class I, Class II, Class III, & Class IV) of families working in G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Families falling under social class I of the university had parent(s) working as Professor and Associate Professor in the university; those falling under social class II had parent(s) working as Assistant Professor or equivalent and Doctor in the university; those falling under social class III had parent(s) working as Accountant, Supervisor, Lab Technician and Clerk in the university and those falling under social class IV had parent(s) working as Attendant, Driver, Peon, CRC laborer, Gardner and Sweeper. Forty adolescents were randomly selected as respondents from each social class of families making a total of 160 respondents for the present study. Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Personality Scale was administered to adolescents to assess their personality. The study revealed that be it any family social class, adolescents' personality differs significantly with the number of siblings they have. Adolescents with one or no sibling, irrespective of their family social class, were seen to have significantly higher academic achievement, leadership, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism, innovation, maturity, mental health, morality, self control, self sufficiency, sensitivity, social warmth and tension in comparison adolescents having more siblings. Whereas, adolescents with two or more number of siblings exhibited significantly higher adaptability and competition than adolescents with one or no sibling.

Pages: 17-20Arti Kumari, Ritu Singh, Manisha Mehra, and Amit Kr. Mishra (Department of Human Development…

Pages: 10-16
Chandandeep Kaur Gill and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess locale differences in academic readiness of government school children. The study was based on 200 children (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) studying in Class I equally distributed across two genders. The sample was randomly drawn from five Government Primary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban locales of Ludhiana District. Self-Structured Academic Readiness Checklist was used to assess the academic readiness of rural and urban government school children. The checklist comprised of worksheets, activities and observations related to pre-reading, pre-writing and pre-mathematical skills of the children for each component. Results revealed non significant differences in all the domains of academic readiness, however urban children were found to be performing better than rural children.

Pages: 10-16Chandandeep Kaur Gill and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages: 1-9
Parveen Chauhan (Faculty of Management and Commerce, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)

The deregulation in the Indian financial sector, particularly in banking sector is expected to contribute to dramatic changes in the banking sector. In light of these reforms and present environment, this study made an attempt to analyze the Indian banking sector from 1992 to 2011 by taking a sample of 51 commercial banks over the study period in three stages. In first stage, efficiency, banking structural and concentration shift has been measured, second stage tried to find out the determinants of banking efficiency and concentration (bank level & country level) by To bit regression and third stage tried to expose the cause and effect relationship between efficiency and concentration by using Granger-Causality test. Exposed results described that

Pages: 1-9Parveen Chauhan (Faculty of Management and Commerce, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)

Pages: 452-455
Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

This paper investigates how socio-economic factors in rural and urban families can affect the behaviour of boys after watching television. It also explores which health problem perceive after a long period of time to be affected by watching T.V. We collected data via survey questionnaire from 100 boys of Bhiwani district of Haryana state in which 50 boys from rural and 50 boys were urban. All boys were from primary school aged between 9 to 12 years old. The majority of boys imitate the character of hero and heroine in rural area while in urban areas majority of boys imitate the character of hero and villain. About health problem after a long period of television viewing depicted that majority of the respondents in rural and urban were feeling health problems. Socio-economic factors had significant impact of imitation of character and health problems.

Pages: 452-455Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana…

Pages: 446-451
David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean)

The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research paper was to examine to what extent a relationship existed between transformational and transactional leadership attributes and corporate rank on the most profitable organizations List published by the Businessuite Magazine. The study included a sample of 20 chief executive officers (CEOs) whose organizations were ranked among the 2015 most profitable organizations in the Caribbean. Study participants completed a mailed self-report survey in the form of an adapted Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, and companies of participants were categorized by profitability and ranked based on the most profitable List. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the relationship between the variables of interest: Transformational and transactional leadership attributes and corporate rank on the most profitable organizations List published by the Businessuite Magazine. The findings of this study indicated no significant relationships between transactional and transformational leadership attributes and corporate ranking for the most profitable companies. However, overall there appears to be a positive correlation between the interaction of transformational and transactional behaviors and rank on the most profitable Caribbean organizations published by the Businessuite magazine. The small sample size was the major confounding factor, and therefore additional research is warranted with a larger sample.

Pages: 446-451David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean)
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