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Pages: 99-101
Ruchi and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Agricultural farmers in Hisar and Kaithal district are facing many challenges in accessing financial services as they have limited access to financial markets. Despite the numerous reforms undertaken by the Government including financial sector reforms, many rural farmers have remained in poverty with limited capacity to access safety nets like loans to fight against hunger and disease. This paper is aiming to find out nature and types of loan that affect farmer's decision to access agricultural finance. A survey was conducted in Hisar and Kaithal district on 160 debted respondents. Employing random sampling techniques, a pre-tested questionnaire was administered. The data was collected through interviews as most of them are reluctant to fill the form. Results indicated that nearly three-fifth of the respondents (58.75%) took the crop loan from institution sources and term loan (41.25%) respectively. Even 25.00% of the respondents took both types of loan (term & crop loans). Two-third of the respondents (67.50%) took the loan for crop expenses. On the other hand, 34.38% and 11.25% availed the loan for purchasing of machinery and equipment and for livestock, respectively.

Pages: 99-101Ruchi and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 95-98
Renu, C. K. Singh, and Priyanka Beniwal (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, COHS, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Family is a shelter for every civil in the world, each family environment influence on their members, family consists many factors such as culture, facility of the family standard of living in family. The growth and development of each person of the family member is dependent on family. Adolescence is a process, rather than a period of achieving the desired growth, attitude, beliefs and methods for effective participation in society as an emerging adult. The way in which adolescents develop and exercise their personal efficacy during this transitional period can play a key role in setting the course their life paths take. The study was conducted with the aim to find the level of family environment of adolescent girls' across residential area. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state where two Government Senior Secondary Schools from rural area and two from urban area were selected. From each of the four selected schools of rural and urban area of Hisar, all girls of 14-16 year were included in final sample. The Family Climate Scale (FCS) developed by Shah (2001) was used to assess family environment of adolescent girls. Results indicated that adolescents from urban area get better family environment as compared to adolescents from rural area.

Pages: 95-98Renu, C. K. Singh, and Priyanka Beniwal (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…

Pages: 91-94
Shakshi Bisht and Vandana Verma Trar (Department Extension Education and Communication Management, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Education and empowerment has confirmatory relationship. The various issues that hinder upliftment of women are illiteracy, child marriage, female feticide and gender discrimination. To overcome these issues and situations women empowerment is necessary. The study was carried out in two localities of Hisar city of Haryana state on randomly selected seventy non-working women comprises of housewives. With the help of an interview schedule data was collected regarding newspaper readership of women issues relating to Beti Bachao Beti Padhao programme. Majority of respondents were young, i.e., up to 30 years in age, educated upto primary level (30%) closely followed by graduates (29%), majority of women were married (64%) having joint family (57%) with small family size (39%). Majority of respondents had service (46%) as family occupation with monthly family income between 25,000 to 50,000 Indian rupees (32%).Significant association was found between age, education and marital status with readership behaviour of respondents.

Pages: 91-94Shakshi Bisht and Vandana Verma Trar (Department Extension Education and Communication Management, CCSHAU, Hisar…

Pages: 82-90
Meenu Singh, Rashmi Tyagi, and Praveen Kumar (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

It has been stated that by 2030, the elderly will constitute 21% of the total world population (Strydom, 2005). The increasing elderly population around the world is one of the most challenging issues in the health and welfare fields and aging is discussed as a universal phenomenon (Gates, 2000). individual and continues till death. The present study was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state. From Hisar district, two blocks Hansi and Hisar were selected randomly. From each village random selection of 30 respondents was done having age between 60 and above 80 years. The total sample was 120 respondents from two blocks and four villages. Non-significant association was found between marital status and level of social problems. Analysis revealed that relatively more number of respondent who were married (85%) had medium level (96.10%) of social problem and widower (14.17%) were facing medium level and low level of social problem than their counterparts. The finding revealed that majority of the respondents (41.67%) facing the problems to spent time late hours outside the home. On the other hand (3.33%) respondent had the problems regarding their dress pattern. Meanwhile (22.5%) respondents whose families objected them to interact with female members followed by (12.5%) of the respondents who faced problem while working with female members.

Pages: 82-90Meenu Singh, Rashmi Tyagi, and Praveen Kumar (Department of Sociology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 78-81
S. Sowmya and T. Samsai (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

The erosion of traditional culinary habits and the acceleration of consumer lifestyles are leading to a decrease in the time spent cooking at home in India, particularly amongst younger consumers. As a result, there is a growing demand for convenient, packaged processed meat products. This study aims at finding out the consumer perception on frozen meat products using Likert scaling technique and the problems faced by the consumers while purchasing it using Garrett's ranking technique. Purposive sampling method was employed to collect details from consumers of Coimbatore city. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from consumers through fact to face interview. From the results it is concluded that the consumers perceive frozen meat products to be convenient and readily available in different quantities and the major problem faced is the high cost of those products.

Pages: 78-81S. Sowmya and T. Samsai (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural…

Pages: 75-77
Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Verbal-linguistic learning style, or intelligence, is one of nine types of learning styles described in Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences. Gardner's theory, developed during the 1960's, assists teachers, trainers, and employers to fiddle with their teaching styles to fit the needs of different learners. Verbal-linguistic learning approach refers to a person's ability to reason, solve problems, and learn using language. Because so much of the school curriculum is educated verbally, verbal-linguistic learners lean to do well in school. They may also outclass in typical university settings. It is important to abide in mind; however, that verbal-linguistic ability is not a synonym for intelligence. Similarly, an intelligent person has the ability to adjust himself to the changing circumstances with ease, efficiency and pace. By keeping in view above facts, this study was planned to identify the types of multiple intelligences among secondary level students along with, to assess the effect of various human ecological factors (as stated by Bronfenbrenner) on Multiple Intelligences of young adolescents. To achieve this aim, standardized Multiple Intelligence Assessment Tool developed by Kaur (2006) was administered on a study sample consisting of 200 students from higher secondary schools of both areas of Mahendergarh (Haryana), i.e., rural and urban. Results revealed that significant association was found among various human ecological variables such as discipline by parents, parental occupation and cultural settings with the linguistic intelligence of the adolescents. It is also clear from the results that the independent variables i.e., caste, exposure to mass media and the frequency of visit to relatives/friends by the respondents had no significant association with the linguistic intelligence.

Pages: 75-77Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…

Pages: 69-74
David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, 17 Worthington Avenue, Kingston, Jamaica)

The present study investigated the relationship between leadership behaviors and commitment to organizational team in an academic institution. Data were collected from 27 middle level/upper level managers in a higher educational institution through online survey using two reliable and validated instruments. This online survey was made using Google forms, the link of which was sent out to all the upper/middle managerial level employees of the particular educational institution. In addition, hard copies of the survey were also given to those who requested them. It was found that middle/upper level managers who exhibited transformational leadership behaviors appear to have a greater positive relationship in terms of degree of commitment to their teams, when compared to those who exhibited transactional leadership behaviors. Results may have strong implications in crafting suitable leadership development and management training programs in terms of understanding one's dominating cognitive framework. Because the leadership process usually involves a particular leader's personality and behaviors, the subordinate's perception of that leader, and the context within which the relationship occurs.

Pages: 69-74David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, 17 Worthington…

Pages: 65-68
R. Likith, S. Moghana Lavanya, K. Mahendran, and R. Vasanthi (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Solar Power is the power generated through conversion of radiation from sun into electricity directly by photovoltaic arrays or indirectly using concentrated solar power systems. Presently, usage of solar power for the discharge of groundwater is gradually increasing due to increase in fuel costs. The objective of the study was to understand the reasons for adoption of solar water pumps among the farmers of Coimbatore district. Primary data was collected from 60 sample farmers through personal interview using well structured interview schedule. The results of the study revealed that availability of subsidy from the Government and low/zero maintenance cost were the major reasons for adoption of SWPs by farmers in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu.

Pages: 65-68R. Likith, S. Moghana Lavanya, K. Mahendran, and R. Vasanthi (Department of Agricultural and…

Pages: 62-64
Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Modern teaching practices are bound to a cognitive exercise in modern curriculum. It not only reduces the broader scope of creative learning but also undermines the chances of the holistic development of the child. Similar idea was proposed by Howard Gardner in the theory of multiple intelligences, where human intelligence differentiates into specific 'modalities', rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence is one of those nine intelligences. Bodily-Kinesthetic (movement) Intelligence supports the ability to process information using their body and the way to connect with the world in a physical manner. Children who support bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are liable to be quite capable at controlling their bodies; they become skilled through physical contact with their environment more than through mental movements and they act together with others in physical ways. Precision, control and agility are the hallmarks of such as athletes, dancers, karate masters, professional soccer players, cricketers and actors, etc. Ecological Systems Theory bestowed by Bronfenbrenner (1979) discribes that there are five systems arranged from the closest to the individual to the farthest: the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Hence, the current research was intended at finding out the flow of various human ecological factors on Multiple Intelligence of young adolescents.

Pages: 62-64Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…

Pages: 60-61
Varsha Saini (Department of Education, Haryana)
Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

This study investigated the comparison of bullying, victimization and fighting behaviour among school children on the basis of rural-urban setting and sex of children. The sample for the present study consisted of 1070 children (570 rural & 500 urban) of secondary and senior secondary schools of Hisar district of Haryana state. The study was carried out with all children enrolled in classes 6th to 10th from six selected schools (three schools from urban area & three schools from rural area, i.e., Ladwa). The questionnaire termed as “Illinois Bully Scale” for children developed and standardized by Espelage and Holt (2001) was used for data collection. Mean score and Standard deviation were used for analyses of data. The findings of the study showed that there were significant difference in bullying victimization, fighting, and bullying-victimization-fighting on the basis of sex but not significant differences was found on the basis of rural-urban setting. In addition, the study indicated that Boys were involved in bullying and fighting than girls. Boys were victimized as compared to girls and boys were more involved in bullying-victimization-fighting as compared to girls.

Pages: 60-61Varsha Saini (Department of Education, Haryana)Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…

Pages: 52-59
Jennifer Newton and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess locale differences in developmental readiness of government school children. The study was based on 200 children (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) studying in Class I equally distributed across two genders. The sample was randomly drawn from five Government Primary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban locales of Ludhiana District. Self-Structured Developmental Readiness Checklist was used to assess the developmental readiness of rural and urban government school children. The checklist comprised of worksheets, activities and observations related to cognitive, physical, socio-emotional and self-help skills of the children for each component. Results revealed significant differences across all the domains of developmental readiness except in socio-emotional skills in terms of locale differences. Urban children scored better than rural children in majority of the domains of developmental readiness.

Pages: 52-59Jennifer Newton and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural…

Pages: 49-51
Jatesh Kathpalia, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, COBS CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Eve teasing or sexual harassment of women in public places is one of the most challenging community problems in India which inhibits liberalization of women and deprives them of basic human rights. Women faced different types of psychological problems due to eve-teasing. The WHO defines health as a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. Whether victimization is due to the behavior of an individual or small group of men or the generalized threat to all women, eve teasing has serious effect on the safety, psycho-social well-being, and human rights of women. This research paper conducts to know the nature, extent, effect and consequences of eve-teasing against rural girls. The study was conducted among 200 respondents in rural area of Kurukshetra district of Haryana state through survey method. Out of 200 respondents, 110 respondents (55.0%) faced the evil practice of eve-teasing. Respondents who faced this problem, majority of them faced it promptly at bus stand (75.45%). Common form of eve-teasing was passing remarks got first rank. Regarding psychological well-being 41.81% women felt low in personal growth. More than one-fourth of the respondents (27.27%) showed their self- confidence by verbally threatened the accused. majority of respondents (46.87%) reported irritable bowel syndrome. Majority of respondents (46.87%) reported irritable bowel syndrome as physical consequence and had anxiety (32.29%) as psychological consequences.

Pages: 49-51Jatesh Kathpalia, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, COBS CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)
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