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Pages: 29-32
Manjot Kaur, Ravijot Kaur, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Language and Culture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to measure the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among distressed farmers of Punjab. Snowball technique was used for the selection of the distressed farmers and total 400 farmers comprised the sample. Selected sample was spread across the agricultural geographies from various districts of Punjab. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared and data were collected personally by the researcher. The scales measuring depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and suicidal ideation (Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation) were administered on the farmers to measure the level of depression and suicidal ideation among them. Results revealed that majority of the distressed farmers fall under 31-45 years of age and were male farmers. More than fifty per cent respondents were having 5 to 8 members in their family and were small farmers. Highest percentage (89%) of the respondents was under heavy debt of different denominations. Nearly one third of the respondents had moderate level depression and a large proportion of the respondents had low level of suicidal ideation. Age had negative and significant and significant relationship with suicidal ideation. Gender, total family members and total tube wells has negative and significant relationship with depression. The analysis also indicted that total number of livestock has negative and significant relationship with depression while positive and significant relationship with suicidal ideation. It can be concluded that medical and mental health services are important for early and effective treatment and relief for those suffering from depression or are at the edge of it. Treatment interventions alone cannot achieve significant reductions in personal, social and financial burden associated depression and suicidal ideation and therefore interventions are required earlier in the development of these conditions.

Pages: 29-32Manjot Kaur, Ravijot Kaur, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Language and Culture…

Pages: 25-28
Priyanka Panwar (Department of Human Development and Childhood Studies, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

Respect plays an important role in every individual's life as to feel respected is regarded as an indispensable human right. Respecting someone is to give value to them and honor their words and actions. The present study was centered on examining various ways through which adolescents expressed and displayed respect towards people. To design the present study, a qualitative approach was used and the sample was selected from Sikandra Road, New Delhi, India. The sample comprised of 50 adolescents in the age range of 14-15 years. The tools used in the study were interview schedule and focused group discussion. The major findings of the study were that the ways in which adolescents displayed respect included respecting others by greeting, honoring, venerating and being obedient to others. It was also seen that participants' expressed respect differently to elder people, same age group and younger people. The study also revealed that both boys and girls emphasized more on respect for girls in our society. There appeared a difference in displaying respect towards people based on age hierarchy and gender.

Pages: 25-28Priyanka Panwar (Department of Human Development and Childhood Studies, Lady Irwin College, University of…

Pages: 21-24
Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Human rights represent the right of all human beings of sexes, men and women. Women represent about half of total population and gender inequality and biasness are main features of rural society. Marriage is an auspicious ceremony which unites two bodies and soul into one. It is lifelong bonding of male and female. The demand of dowry or dowry system is a deep rooted problem in our society. The dowry system is a cultural system in India in which parents of bride pay a huge sum of money, jewellery, gift and other household items to the parents of groom before marriage, during and after marriage. The issue of dowry problem becomes a matter of great concern for whole country as well as for Haryana where male-female ratio is at the lowest level. There is an urgent need to study the dowry problem among rural women of Haryana. The present study was undertaken with the following specific objectives: To assess the nature and extent of dowry problem and to delineate the socio-economic and cultural factors affecting the problem of dowry. It was found that maximum numbers of the respondents (40.0%) were facing medium level of problems of dowry followed by low (35.0%) and high (25.0%). Factors like age, education and socio-economic status of the respondents were found significantly associated with dowry problem. Maximum number of women hailed from young age group, middle-senior secondary, medium to high socio-economic status were facing the problem related to dowry. Majority of women who had problem of dowry were harassed by mother-in-law and husband for dowry. It was concluded that main social cause for increasing the problem of dowry was greediness and dowry system which is deep rooted in our tradition.

Pages: 21-24Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 17-20
Arti Kumari, Ritu Singh, Manisha Mehra, and Amit Kr. Mishra (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A.T., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand)

The present study examined differences in the personality of adolescents across their number of siblings. The adolescents for the present study were drawn from four different social classes (Class I, Class II, Class III, & Class IV) of families working in G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Families falling under social class I of the university had parent(s) working as Professor and Associate Professor in the university; those falling under social class II had parent(s) working as Assistant Professor or equivalent and Doctor in the university; those falling under social class III had parent(s) working as Accountant, Supervisor, Lab Technician and Clerk in the university and those falling under social class IV had parent(s) working as Attendant, Driver, Peon, CRC laborer, Gardner and Sweeper. Forty adolescents were randomly selected as respondents from each social class of families making a total of 160 respondents for the present study. Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Personality Scale was administered to adolescents to assess their personality. The study revealed that be it any family social class, adolescents' personality differs significantly with the number of siblings they have. Adolescents with one or no sibling, irrespective of their family social class, were seen to have significantly higher academic achievement, leadership, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism, innovation, maturity, mental health, morality, self control, self sufficiency, sensitivity, social warmth and tension in comparison adolescents having more siblings. Whereas, adolescents with two or more number of siblings exhibited significantly higher adaptability and competition than adolescents with one or no sibling.

Pages: 17-20Arti Kumari, Ritu Singh, Manisha Mehra, and Amit Kr. Mishra (Department of Human Development…

Pages: 10-16
Chandandeep Kaur Gill and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess locale differences in academic readiness of government school children. The study was based on 200 children (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) studying in Class I equally distributed across two genders. The sample was randomly drawn from five Government Primary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban locales of Ludhiana District. Self-Structured Academic Readiness Checklist was used to assess the academic readiness of rural and urban government school children. The checklist comprised of worksheets, activities and observations related to pre-reading, pre-writing and pre-mathematical skills of the children for each component. Results revealed non significant differences in all the domains of academic readiness, however urban children were found to be performing better than rural children.

Pages: 10-16Chandandeep Kaur Gill and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages: 1-9
Parveen Chauhan (Faculty of Management and Commerce, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)

The deregulation in the Indian financial sector, particularly in banking sector is expected to contribute to dramatic changes in the banking sector. In light of these reforms and present environment, this study made an attempt to analyze the Indian banking sector from 1992 to 2011 by taking a sample of 51 commercial banks over the study period in three stages. In first stage, efficiency, banking structural and concentration shift has been measured, second stage tried to find out the determinants of banking efficiency and concentration (bank level & country level) by To bit regression and third stage tried to expose the cause and effect relationship between efficiency and concentration by using Granger-Causality test. Exposed results described that

Pages: 1-9Parveen Chauhan (Faculty of Management and Commerce, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)

Pages: 452-455
Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

This paper investigates how socio-economic factors in rural and urban families can affect the behaviour of boys after watching television. It also explores which health problem perceive after a long period of time to be affected by watching T.V. We collected data via survey questionnaire from 100 boys of Bhiwani district of Haryana state in which 50 boys from rural and 50 boys were urban. All boys were from primary school aged between 9 to 12 years old. The majority of boys imitate the character of hero and heroine in rural area while in urban areas majority of boys imitate the character of hero and villain. About health problem after a long period of television viewing depicted that majority of the respondents in rural and urban were feeling health problems. Socio-economic factors had significant impact of imitation of character and health problems.

Pages: 452-455Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana…

Pages: 446-451
David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean)

The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research paper was to examine to what extent a relationship existed between transformational and transactional leadership attributes and corporate rank on the most profitable organizations List published by the Businessuite Magazine. The study included a sample of 20 chief executive officers (CEOs) whose organizations were ranked among the 2015 most profitable organizations in the Caribbean. Study participants completed a mailed self-report survey in the form of an adapted Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, and companies of participants were categorized by profitability and ranked based on the most profitable List. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the relationship between the variables of interest: Transformational and transactional leadership attributes and corporate rank on the most profitable organizations List published by the Businessuite Magazine. The findings of this study indicated no significant relationships between transactional and transformational leadership attributes and corporate ranking for the most profitable companies. However, overall there appears to be a positive correlation between the interaction of transformational and transactional behaviors and rank on the most profitable Caribbean organizations published by the Businessuite magazine. The small sample size was the major confounding factor, and therefore additional research is warranted with a larger sample.

Pages: 446-451David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean)

Pages: 443-445
Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Jatesh Kathpalia (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

We investigated the patterned of children's television viewing, i.e., with whom children watch television programme, duration without feeling fatigue, parents restraining from television watching, television behavior during a guest/ friend visit and factors affecting the viewing pattern. The study was conducted on 100 boys of Bhiwani district of Haryana state in which 50 boys from rural and 50 boys were urban. The data was analyzed by applying frequency, percentages and chi-square. The study showed majority of the respondents viewed television with their family members, 38.0 per cent of the respondents viewed television up to 2 hrs without feeling any fatigueness, more than two third of the respondents were restrained by their parents. When a guest/friend visit them 54.0 per cent of the respondents continue television viewing in rural areas while urban students pay regards to their guest/friends and calculated chi-square value was significant at 5% level of significance.

Pages: 443-445Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Jatesh Kathpalia (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana…

Pages: 439-442
Rakesh Rathore (Institute of Agri Business Management, Bikaner, Rajasthan)
Subodh Agarwal and Amita Girdhar (CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Rapeseeds and mustard is one of the most important oilseed crop of the India. It is cultivated across the country. The main objectives of the study was to study area and production of mustard in Hisar district of Haryana. To study the marketing channel of mustard. To study marketing cost and margin of mustard marketing. To study problem faced by farmer in production and marketing of mustard in Hisar district of Haryana. The study area was Hisar district of Haryana. Two block, Hisar block I and Hisar block II was purposively selected, and further 2 villages (8 farmers) from Hisar block I and 3 villages (12 farmers) from Hisar block II was conveniently selected. Total sample size of study was 40 respondent including 20 farmers, 5 wholesalers, 5 processors, 5 retailers, and 5 consumers. The marketing channel is identified in the study are, 1) Producer ->Consumer 2) Producer ->Village Trader ->Wholesaler ->Retailer ->Consumer 3) Producer ->Village Trader ->Wholesaler ->Miller/Oil Expeller ->Consumer 4) Producer ->Miller/Oil Expeller ->consumer. In channel III wholesalers sell their produce to the processors at the rate 37 per kg and total cost incurred by processors was 40 per kg and sell to retailers at the rate 41.50 per kg so processor margin in this channel was 1.50 per kg. Timely credit facilities are required on season for cultivation of Rapeseeds and Mustard. Distress sale and low price of their produce in the market is major constraints faced by the farmers. The highest total difference between marketable surplus and marketed surplus was in Hisar block II followed by Hisar block I.

Pages: 439-442Rakesh Rathore (Institute of Agri Business Management, Bikaner, Rajasthan)Subodh Agarwal and Amita Girdhar (CCS…

Pages: 435-438
Arti Kumari, Ritu Singh, Manisha Mehra and Amit Kr. Mishra (Department of Human Development and Family Studies Collage of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar, Uttrakhand)

The present study investigated parent-adolescent interaction in families from four different social classes (Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV) of G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Families falling under social class I of the university had parent(s) working as Professor and Associate Professor in the university; those falling under social class II had parent(s) working as Assistant Professor or equivalent and Doctor in the university; those falling under social class III had parent(s) working as Accountant, Supervisor, Lab Technician and Clerk in the university and those falling under social class IV had parent(s) working as Attendant, Driver, Peon, CRC laborer, Gardner and Sweeper. Forty adolescents were randomly selected as respondents from each social class of families making a total of 160 adolescent respondents for the present study.Parent-adolescent interaction was assessed through adolescents' perception on it using standardized PCR scale. In the present study it was seen that adolescents from social class I and social class II perceived their parents, both mothers and fathers to be significantly more protecting; demanding; symbolically punitive; symbolic and object reward giving than those from social class III and social class IV. On the contrary, adolescents from social class III and social class IV reported their parents, both mothers and fathers to be significantly more rejecting, practicing object punishment, neglecting and indifferent than those belonging to social class I and social class II. Hence, higher the social class of a family, higher or better is the education and economic level of the parents and thereby significantly better is the parent-adolescent interaction.

Pages: 435-438Arti Kumari, Ritu Singh, Manisha Mehra and Amit Kr. Mishra (Department of Human Development…

Pages: 431-434
Ndishimye Pacifique and Habineza Faustin (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Ruhengeri, Rwanda)

The aim of this study was to explore students and lecturers' attitudes and views towards active learning strategies (ALS) implemented at the Institute' Enseignement Supérieur de Ruhengeri (INES-Ruhengeri), an Institute of applied sciences in Rwanda. Each class was taught in an active (non-traditional) manner for one course and in a passive (traditional) manner for another course. Several active learning methods (Think-Pair-Share, Card for Active Learning, Cooperative Learning, Supporting all the students, & Expert group) have been implemented during student teaching sessions. Questionnaires and interviews were administrated to students and lecturers, and then data were analysed. The results have shown that 78% of students learn better when the lesson involves ALS and it helps them to understand things better. 58% said that they enjoy lessons more if they involve ALS. It has also been reported (56%) that ALS helps students to communicate and to have better relationships with other classmates. The study has also found that over 82% of the lecturers agree that using ALS have a positive effect on students' performance. This is very encouraging as it will help to improve the teaching and learning of students at INES. About 75% of the lecturers agreed that ALS methods ensure that total participation of students is achieved, integrate the learners' experience and makes students interact in class. Some lecturers (15%) indicated that the class size of students and workload can affect the ability to use ALS. The different findings of this research will probably be useful for other institutes about the best ALS that the academic staff members in developing countries need for their teaching work, especially in the context of applied sciences.

Pages: 431-434Ndishimye Pacifique and Habineza Faustin (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Ruhengeri, Rwanda)
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