International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is an indexed, peer-reviewed and refereed journal published quarterly by the Indian Association of Health, Research, and Welfare (IAHRW). International Journal of
Education and Management Studies likely aims to promote research and
knowledge dissemination in the fields of education and management. Its
objectives include fostering academic discussions on innovative teaching
methodologies, educational policies, leadership strategies, human resource
management, and organizational behavior. The journal focuses on areas such as
pedagogy, curriculum development, educational psychology, business management,
entrepreneurship, and corporate governance. Its goals are to publish
high-quality, peer-reviewed research, encourage interdisciplinary
collaboration, and contribute to the practical application of education and
management theories for academic and professional growth. The journal is indexed with ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58. IJEMS is being published regularly since 2011. For more details write to us to iahrw2019@gmail.com
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103, 7988885490
Publisher: IAHRW Publications
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly (March, June, September and December)
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58
CHIEF EDITOR
Sunil Saini, PhD
Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, Hisar, Haryana, India
EDITORS
David Bennett, PhD, Charisma University, USA S. C. Kundu, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
B.K. Punia, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
Mahesh Thakur, PhD, Karve Institute of Social Sciences, Pune
Jaspreet Kaur, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Vandana Punia, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Munish Nagpal, PhD, Deputy Commissioner, Govt of Haryana
Sangeeta Trama, PhD, Punjabi University Patiala
Sandeep Singh, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Author’s guidelines:
International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is a peer-reviewed research journal published quarterly by Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare. The IJEMS is indexed with ProQuest, J-Gate, etc. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of scientific excellence in the area of Education, Psychology and Management Studies and other related fields. IJEMS is published Quarterly (March, June, September and December).
Manuscripts should be submitted in the format outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition) and should be sent via email at iahrw2010@gmail.com. The papers are reviewed by professional reviewers who have specialized expertise in the respective area, and to judge the quality of the paper in a time bound and confidential manner. The paper shall be review by double blind review process.
Permission
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Online Submission
Please follow the hyperlink “Submit online” on the right and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.
The title page should include:
• The name(s) of the author(s)
• A concise and informative title
• The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)
• The e-mail address, and telephone number(s) of the corresponding author
Abstract
Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
Keywords
Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.
Main Text
Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.
Tables
Tables should be as per APA format
References
References should be as per APA format as follows
• Journal article
Panda, T., Lamba, V., Goyal, N., Saini, S., Boora, S., Cruz. (2018). Psychometric Testing in Schools. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(2), 213–245.
• Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086
• Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Book chapter
O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York: Springer.
• Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. Resource document. American Psychiatric Association.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014645/http://www.psych.org:80/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.
Copyright form
Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under copyright laws.
Proof reading
The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor. After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.
Ethical Guidelines for the author
• Authors should adhere to publication requirements that submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any language. Work should not be submitted concurrently to more than one publication unless the editors have agreed to co-publication. If articles are co-published this fact should be made clear to readers.
• Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) should be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement.
• Relevant previous work and publications, both by other researchers and the authors’ own, should be properly acknowledged and referenced.
• Data, text, figures or ideas originated by other researchers should be properly acknowledged and should not be presented as if they were the authors’ own
• All sources of research funding, including direct and indirect financial support, supply of equipment or materials, and other support (such as specialist statistical or writing assistance) should be disclosed.
• Authors should disclose the role of the research funder(s) or sponsor (if any) in the research design, execution, analysis, interpretation and reporting
• The research literature serves as a record not only of what has been discovered but also of who made the discovery. The authorship of research publications should therefore accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work and its reporting.
• In cases where major contributors are listed as authors while those who made less substantial, or purely technical, contributions to the research or to the publication are listed in an acknowledgement section, the criteria for authorship and acknowledgement should be agreed at the start of the project.
• Researchers should ensure that only those individuals who meet authorship criteria (i.e. made a substantial contribution to the work) are rewarded with authorship and that deserving authors are not omitted. Institutions and journal editors should encourage practices that prevent guest, gift, and ghost authorship.
• All authors should agree to be listed and should approve the submitted and accepted versions of the publication. Any change to the author list should be approved by all authors including any who have been removed from the list. The corresponding author should act as a point of contact between the editor and the other authors and should keep co-authors informed and involve them in major decisions about the publication (e.g. responding to reviewers’ comments).
• Authors should work with the editor or publisher to correct their work promptly if errors or omissions are discovered after publication.
• Authors should abide by relevant conventions, requirements, and regulations to make materials, reagents, software or datasets available to other researchers who request them. Researchers, institutions, and funders should have clear policies for handling such requests. Authors must also follow relevant journal standards. While proper acknowledgement is expected, researchers should not demand authorship as a condition for sharing materials.
• Authors should follow publishers’ requirements that work is not submitted to more than one publication for consideration at the same time.
• Authors should inform the editor if they withdraw their work from review, or choose not to respond to reviewer comments after receiving a conditional acceptance.
• Authors should respond to reviewers’ comments in a professional and timely manner.
• Appropriate approval, licensing or registration should be obtained before the research begins and details should be provided in the report (e.g. Institutional Review Board, Research Ethics Committee approval, national licensing authorities for the use of animals).
• If requested by editors, authors should supply evidence that reported research received the appropriate approval and was carried out ethically (e.g. copies of approvals, licences, participant consent forms).
• Researchers should not generally publish or share identifiable individual data collected in the course of research without specific consent from the individual (or their representative). Researchers should remember that many scholarly journals are now freely available on the internet, and should therefore be mindful of the risk of causing danger or upset to unintended readers (e.g. research participants or their families who recognise themselves from case studies, descriptions, images or pedigrees).
• The appropriate statistical analyses should be determined at the start of the study and a data analysis plan for the prespecified outcomes should be prepared and followed.
• Researchers should publish all meaningful research results that might contribute to understanding. In particular, there is an ethical responsibility to publish the findings of all clinical trials. The publication of unsuccessful studies or experiments that reject a hypothesis may help prevent others from wasting time and resources on similar projects. If findings from small studies and those that fail to reach statistically significant results can be combined to produce more useful information (e.g. by meta-analysis) then such findings should be published.
• Authors should supply research protocols to journal editors if requested (e.g. for clinical trials) so that reviewers and editors can compare the research report to the protocol to check that it was carried out as planned and that no relevant details have been omitted. Researchers should follow relevant requirements for clinical trial registration and should include the trial registration number in all publications arising from the trial.
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com,
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Peer Review
All content of the International Journal of Education and Management Studies is subject to peer-review. The Editor first checks and evaluates the submitted manuscript, examining its fit and quality regarding its significance, manuscript format, research quality. If it is suitable for potential pubication, the Editor directs the manuscript for Plagiarism check, and the minimum similarity acceptable is below 20% without references. After that, editor directs the manuscript to two reviewers, with both being experts in the field. This journal employs double-blind review, wehre the author and referee remains anonymous througout the process. Referees are asked to avaluate whetehr the manuscript is original, makes a theoretical contribution to the study, methodoogy is sound, follos appropriate ethical guidelines, whether the results are clearly presented and sufficient supporting studies are given and support the conclusion. The time for evaluation is approximately one month. The Editor’s decision will be sent to the author with recommendations made by the referees. Revised manuscripts might be returned to the initial referees who may then request another revision of the manuscript. After both reviewer’s feedback, the Editor decides if the manuscript will be rejected, accepted with revision needed or accepted for publication. The Editor’s decision is final. Regerees advise the Editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.
Compaint policy
We ain to respond to and resolve all complaints quickly. All complaints will be acknowledged within a week. For all matters related to the policies, procedures, editorial content, and actions of the editorial staff, the decision of the Editor-in-Chief shall be final. The procedure to make a complaint is easy. It can be made by writing an email to editor: iahrw@iahrw.org
Confict of Interest Policy
Transparency and objectiity in research are essential for publication in this journal. These principles are strictily followed in our peer review process and decision of publication. Manuscript submissions are assigned to reviewers in an effort to minimize potential conflicts of interest. After papers are assigned, individual reviewers are required to inform the editor-in-chief of any conflict.
Pages: 78-81 The erosion of traditional culinary habits and the acceleration of consumer lifestyles are leading to a decrease in the time spent cooking at home in India, particularly amongst younger consumers. As a result, there is a growing demand for convenient, packaged processed meat products. This study aims at finding out the consumer perception on frozen meat products using Likert scaling technique and the problems faced by the consumers while purchasing it using Garrett's ranking technique. Purposive sampling method was employed to collect details from consumers of Coimbatore city. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from consumers through fact to face interview. From the results it is concluded that the consumers perceive frozen meat products to be convenient and readily available in different quantities and the major problem faced is the high cost of those products. Pages: 78-81S. Sowmya and T. Samsai (Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural… |
Pages: 75-77 Verbal-linguistic learning style, or intelligence, is one of nine types of learning styles described in Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences. Gardner's theory, developed during the 1960's, assists teachers, trainers, and employers to fiddle with their teaching styles to fit the needs of different learners. Verbal-linguistic learning approach refers to a person's ability to reason, solve problems, and learn using language. Because so much of the school curriculum is educated verbally, verbal-linguistic learners lean to do well in school. They may also outclass in typical university settings. It is important to abide in mind; however, that verbal-linguistic ability is not a synonym for intelligence. Similarly, an intelligent person has the ability to adjust himself to the changing circumstances with ease, efficiency and pace. By keeping in view above facts, this study was planned to identify the types of multiple intelligences among secondary level students along with, to assess the effect of various human ecological factors (as stated by Bronfenbrenner) on Multiple Intelligences of young adolescents. To achieve this aim, standardized Multiple Intelligence Assessment Tool developed by Kaur (2006) was administered on a study sample consisting of 200 students from higher secondary schools of both areas of Mahendergarh (Haryana), i.e., rural and urban. Results revealed that significant association was found among various human ecological variables such as discipline by parents, parental occupation and cultural settings with the linguistic intelligence of the adolescents. It is also clear from the results that the independent variables i.e., caste, exposure to mass media and the frequency of visit to relatives/friends by the respondents had no significant association with the linguistic intelligence. Pages: 75-77Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies… |
Pages: 69-74 The present study investigated the relationship between leadership behaviors and commitment to organizational team in an academic institution. Data were collected from 27 middle level/upper level managers in a higher educational institution through online survey using two reliable and validated instruments. This online survey was made using Google forms, the link of which was sent out to all the upper/middle managerial level employees of the particular educational institution. In addition, hard copies of the survey were also given to those who requested them. It was found that middle/upper level managers who exhibited transformational leadership behaviors appear to have a greater positive relationship in terms of degree of commitment to their teams, when compared to those who exhibited transactional leadership behaviors. Results may have strong implications in crafting suitable leadership development and management training programs in terms of understanding one's dominating cognitive framework. Because the leadership process usually involves a particular leader's personality and behaviors, the subordinate's perception of that leader, and the context within which the relationship occurs. Pages: 69-74David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, 17 Worthington… |
Pages: 65-68 Solar Power is the power generated through conversion of radiation from sun into electricity directly by photovoltaic arrays or indirectly using concentrated solar power systems. Presently, usage of solar power for the discharge of groundwater is gradually increasing due to increase in fuel costs. The objective of the study was to understand the reasons for adoption of solar water pumps among the farmers of Coimbatore district. Primary data was collected from 60 sample farmers through personal interview using well structured interview schedule. The results of the study revealed that availability of subsidy from the Government and low/zero maintenance cost were the major reasons for adoption of SWPs by farmers in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. Pages: 65-68R. Likith, S. Moghana Lavanya, K. Mahendran, and R. Vasanthi (Department of Agricultural and… |
Pages: 62-64 Modern teaching practices are bound to a cognitive exercise in modern curriculum. It not only reduces the broader scope of creative learning but also undermines the chances of the holistic development of the child. Similar idea was proposed by Howard Gardner in the theory of multiple intelligences, where human intelligence differentiates into specific 'modalities', rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence is one of those nine intelligences. Bodily-Kinesthetic (movement) Intelligence supports the ability to process information using their body and the way to connect with the world in a physical manner. Children who support bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are liable to be quite capable at controlling their bodies; they become skilled through physical contact with their environment more than through mental movements and they act together with others in physical ways. Precision, control and agility are the hallmarks of such as athletes, dancers, karate masters, professional soccer players, cricketers and actors, etc. Ecological Systems Theory bestowed by Bronfenbrenner (1979) discribes that there are five systems arranged from the closest to the individual to the farthest: the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Hence, the current research was intended at finding out the flow of various human ecological factors on Multiple Intelligence of young adolescents. Pages: 62-64Sumit Sheoran, Sudha Chhikara, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies… |
Pages: 60-61 This study investigated the comparison of bullying, victimization and fighting behaviour among school children on the basis of rural-urban setting and sex of children. The sample for the present study consisted of 1070 children (570 rural & 500 urban) of secondary and senior secondary schools of Hisar district of Haryana state. The study was carried out with all children enrolled in classes 6th to 10th from six selected schools (three schools from urban area & three schools from rural area, i.e., Ladwa). The questionnaire termed as “Illinois Bully Scale” for children developed and standardized by Espelage and Holt (2001) was used for data collection. Mean score and Standard deviation were used for analyses of data. The findings of the study showed that there were significant difference in bullying victimization, fighting, and bullying-victimization-fighting on the basis of sex but not significant differences was found on the basis of rural-urban setting. In addition, the study indicated that Boys were involved in bullying and fighting than girls. Boys were victimized as compared to girls and boys were more involved in bullying-victimization-fighting as compared to girls. Pages: 60-61Varsha Saini (Department of Education, Haryana)Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies… |
Pages: 52-59 The present study was conducted to assess locale differences in developmental readiness of government school children. The study was based on 200 children (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) studying in Class I equally distributed across two genders. The sample was randomly drawn from five Government Primary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban locales of Ludhiana District. Self-Structured Developmental Readiness Checklist was used to assess the developmental readiness of rural and urban government school children. The checklist comprised of worksheets, activities and observations related to cognitive, physical, socio-emotional and self-help skills of the children for each component. Results revealed significant differences across all the domains of developmental readiness except in socio-emotional skills in terms of locale differences. Urban children scored better than rural children in majority of the domains of developmental readiness. Pages: 52-59Jennifer Newton and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural… |
Pages: 49-51 Eve teasing or sexual harassment of women in public places is one of the most challenging community problems in India which inhibits liberalization of women and deprives them of basic human rights. Women faced different types of psychological problems due to eve-teasing. The WHO defines health as a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. Whether victimization is due to the behavior of an individual or small group of men or the generalized threat to all women, eve teasing has serious effect on the safety, psycho-social well-being, and human rights of women. This research paper conducts to know the nature, extent, effect and consequences of eve-teasing against rural girls. The study was conducted among 200 respondents in rural area of Kurukshetra district of Haryana state through survey method. Out of 200 respondents, 110 respondents (55.0%) faced the evil practice of eve-teasing. Respondents who faced this problem, majority of them faced it promptly at bus stand (75.45%). Common form of eve-teasing was passing remarks got first rank. Regarding psychological well-being 41.81% women felt low in personal growth. More than one-fourth of the respondents (27.27%) showed their self- confidence by verbally threatened the accused. majority of respondents (46.87%) reported irritable bowel syndrome. Majority of respondents (46.87%) reported irritable bowel syndrome as physical consequence and had anxiety (32.29%) as psychological consequences. Pages: 49-51Jatesh Kathpalia, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, COBS CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana) |
Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among fast food restaurant employees in the Caribbean Pages: 45-48 The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research paper was to examine to what extent a relationship existed between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among fast food restaurant employees in the Caribbean. The study included a sample of 40 full-time and part-time employees who worked in a fast food restaurant in the Caribbean. Study participants completed two survey instruments, which included the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) short form and the Klein Unidimensional Target-free (KUT) scale. The questionnaires were in the form of hard copies. The Spearman rank coefficient was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the relationship between the variables of interest: job satisfaction and organizational commitment. A total of usable surveys from the sample representing a response rate. Results indicated that there was a moderate significant positive relationship between overall job satisfaction and overall organizational commitment among fast food restaurant employees in the Caribbean. Pages: 45-48David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, 17 Worthington… |
Pages: 42-44 India still has the highest number of under-weight children under five in the world and 70 per cent of children are anemic. The link between malnutrition and infant feeding has been well established. Poor feeding practices in infant and early childhood resulting in malnutrition contribute to impaired cognitive and social development, poor school performance and reduced productivity in later life. A mother is the principle provider of the primary care that her child needs during the first five years of life. Nutritional awareness of mothers plays an important role in the health of children aged 0-5 years. The present study was undertaken to develop multimedia CD on nutrition for children (0-3 years) for rural women with these objectives: To assess the comprehension of designed multimedia CD by rural women. The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajsthan state with a sample of 30 illiterate rural women to field test multimedia CD for its comprehension by rural women. Findings revealed that overall comprehension of messages through multimedia CD was found to be very good with MPS 93.62. Among four components, the diet during childhood ailments was comprehended to the highest extent (99.021 MPS) followed by feeding practices (94.44 MPS), supplementary nutrition (89.97 MPS) and normal nutrition (87.97 MPS). Thus, it could be concluded that comprehension of multimedia CD was found to be good and the developed multimedia CD can be utilized by the various government and non government functionaries involved in TOT. Pages: 42-44Kiran Bala (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, College of Community and Applied… |
Pages: 38-41 The present study “Impact of Socio-economic status on the Behaviour of Rural and Urban Adolescents” was undertaken with the specific objectives, viz. (i) to find out the relationship of adolescents' aggression with family environment (ii) to find out the factors affecting adolescents behavior. The data was collected from Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. A total sample of 250 adolescents' in the age group of 13-15 years was randomly selected. Standardized scale of Family Environment Scale by Bhatia and Chadha (1993)was used to measure the family environment of the adolescents. The collected data were tabulated, processed and analyzed by employing statistical technique i.e. frequencies and correlation. The results of study indicated that adolescents residing in urban area had more aggression. Regression analysis of the aggression of adolescent's showed that residential area, family income, number of siblings, maternal occupation, gender and paternal education were the predictors of aggression. Pages: 38-41Deepika Sharma and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human development & Family Studies, I.C College… |
Pages: 33-37 Macramé is a form of textile-making by series of knots rather than the typical way of weaving or knitting. It is a wonderful way of expressing creativity, personal style and individuality by creating designs through combinations of knots. This knotting technique can be used for producing many diversified products like decorative items, jewellery, fashion accessories such as belt, bangle hanger, hand bag, shoe bag, shrugs, foot wears, candle holder, bottle holder, vertical garden plant hanger, wall hanging, cushion covers, curtains etc. Thus, the present study was undertaken to develop the partition curtains using Macramé technique and assess their consumer's acceptability. Selected five knot combination designs comprising of double half hitch knot, half knot, flat knot and popcorn knot in different combinations were used for development of designs for partition curtains. Total thirty designs of partition curtains, were created in CorelDRAW 12 software. As per the preferences of experts five designs of curtain were selected and five partition curtains were developed through Macramé technique using selected designs. cost of each curtain was calculated separately including cost of raw material and labour charges. The developed Macramé curtains were got assessed from thirty consumers on different parameters using three point rating scale. The cost of developed curtains ranged from Rs. 1203/- to 1507/-. The factors responsible for variability in the total cost of curtains were the cost of cords, beads and labour charges involved in preparation of curtains. The results indicated that the developed Macramé partition curtain were found highly appealing in terms of design, knot combination and overall appearance as indicated by weighted mean score values above (2.33). Consumers highly appreciated the developed curtains in relation to being attractive and unique, suitability of Macramé technique, materials used and selected knot combination for development of partition curtains. The developed designs maintained the beauty of macramé technique, as per trend and had good market potential. Majority of the respondents reported that cost of developed curtains was appropriate. The women both from rural or urban backgrounds have leisure time, which can be productively and creatively utilized if indulge in learning and making of Macramé articles. Hence, this art form can help them in using their leisure time and even generating income. Pages: 33-37Bharti Rani, Saroj Yadav, and Neelam M. Rose (Department of Textile & Apparel Designing… |
