International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is an indexed, peer-reviewed and refereed journal published quarterly by the Indian Association of Health, Research, and Welfare (IAHRW). International Journal of
Education and Management Studies likely aims to promote research and
knowledge dissemination in the fields of education and management. Its
objectives include fostering academic discussions on innovative teaching
methodologies, educational policies, leadership strategies, human resource
management, and organizational behavior. The journal focuses on areas such as
pedagogy, curriculum development, educational psychology, business management,
entrepreneurship, and corporate governance. Its goals are to publish
high-quality, peer-reviewed research, encourage interdisciplinary
collaboration, and contribute to the practical application of education and
management theories for academic and professional growth. The journal is indexed with ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58. IJEMS is being published regularly since 2011. For more details write to us to iahrw2019@gmail.com
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103, 7988885490
Publisher: IAHRW Publications
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly (March, June, September and December)
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58
CHIEF EDITOR
Sunil Saini, PhD
Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, Hisar, Haryana, India
EDITORS
David Bennett, PhD, Charisma University, USA S. C. Kundu, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
B.K. Punia, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
Mahesh Thakur, PhD, Karve Institute of Social Sciences, Pune
Jaspreet Kaur, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Vandana Punia, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Munish Nagpal, PhD, Deputy Commissioner, Govt of Haryana
Sangeeta Trama, PhD, Punjabi University Patiala
Sandeep Singh, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
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Author’s guidelines:
International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is a peer-reviewed research journal published quarterly by Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare. The IJEMS is indexed with ProQuest, J-Gate, etc. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of scientific excellence in the area of Education, Psychology and Management Studies and other related fields. IJEMS is published Quarterly (March, June, September and December).
Manuscripts should be submitted in the format outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition) and should be sent via email at iahrw2010@gmail.com. The papers are reviewed by professional reviewers who have specialized expertise in the respective area, and to judge the quality of the paper in a time bound and confidential manner. The paper shall be review by double blind review process.
Permission
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Online Submission
Please follow the hyperlink “Submit online” on the right and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.
The title page should include:
• The name(s) of the author(s)
• A concise and informative title
• The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)
• The e-mail address, and telephone number(s) of the corresponding author
Abstract
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Keywords
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Main Text
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Tables
Tables should be as per APA format
References
References should be as per APA format as follows
• Journal article
Panda, T., Lamba, V., Goyal, N., Saini, S., Boora, S., Cruz. (2018). Psychometric Testing in Schools. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(2), 213–245.
• Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086
• Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Book chapter
O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York: Springer.
• Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. Resource document. American Psychiatric Association.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014645/http://www.psych.org:80/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.
Copyright form
Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under copyright laws.
Proof reading
The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor. After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.
Ethical Guidelines for the author
• Authors should adhere to publication requirements that submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any language. Work should not be submitted concurrently to more than one publication unless the editors have agreed to co-publication. If articles are co-published this fact should be made clear to readers.
• Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) should be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement.
• Relevant previous work and publications, both by other researchers and the authors’ own, should be properly acknowledged and referenced.
• Data, text, figures or ideas originated by other researchers should be properly acknowledged and should not be presented as if they were the authors’ own
• All sources of research funding, including direct and indirect financial support, supply of equipment or materials, and other support (such as specialist statistical or writing assistance) should be disclosed.
• Authors should disclose the role of the research funder(s) or sponsor (if any) in the research design, execution, analysis, interpretation and reporting
• The research literature serves as a record not only of what has been discovered but also of who made the discovery. The authorship of research publications should therefore accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work and its reporting.
• In cases where major contributors are listed as authors while those who made less substantial, or purely technical, contributions to the research or to the publication are listed in an acknowledgement section, the criteria for authorship and acknowledgement should be agreed at the start of the project.
• Researchers should ensure that only those individuals who meet authorship criteria (i.e. made a substantial contribution to the work) are rewarded with authorship and that deserving authors are not omitted. Institutions and journal editors should encourage practices that prevent guest, gift, and ghost authorship.
• All authors should agree to be listed and should approve the submitted and accepted versions of the publication. Any change to the author list should be approved by all authors including any who have been removed from the list. The corresponding author should act as a point of contact between the editor and the other authors and should keep co-authors informed and involve them in major decisions about the publication (e.g. responding to reviewers’ comments).
• Authors should work with the editor or publisher to correct their work promptly if errors or omissions are discovered after publication.
• Authors should abide by relevant conventions, requirements, and regulations to make materials, reagents, software or datasets available to other researchers who request them. Researchers, institutions, and funders should have clear policies for handling such requests. Authors must also follow relevant journal standards. While proper acknowledgement is expected, researchers should not demand authorship as a condition for sharing materials.
• Authors should follow publishers’ requirements that work is not submitted to more than one publication for consideration at the same time.
• Authors should inform the editor if they withdraw their work from review, or choose not to respond to reviewer comments after receiving a conditional acceptance.
• Authors should respond to reviewers’ comments in a professional and timely manner.
• Appropriate approval, licensing or registration should be obtained before the research begins and details should be provided in the report (e.g. Institutional Review Board, Research Ethics Committee approval, national licensing authorities for the use of animals).
• If requested by editors, authors should supply evidence that reported research received the appropriate approval and was carried out ethically (e.g. copies of approvals, licences, participant consent forms).
• Researchers should not generally publish or share identifiable individual data collected in the course of research without specific consent from the individual (or their representative). Researchers should remember that many scholarly journals are now freely available on the internet, and should therefore be mindful of the risk of causing danger or upset to unintended readers (e.g. research participants or their families who recognise themselves from case studies, descriptions, images or pedigrees).
• The appropriate statistical analyses should be determined at the start of the study and a data analysis plan for the prespecified outcomes should be prepared and followed.
• Researchers should publish all meaningful research results that might contribute to understanding. In particular, there is an ethical responsibility to publish the findings of all clinical trials. The publication of unsuccessful studies or experiments that reject a hypothesis may help prevent others from wasting time and resources on similar projects. If findings from small studies and those that fail to reach statistically significant results can be combined to produce more useful information (e.g. by meta-analysis) then such findings should be published.
• Authors should supply research protocols to journal editors if requested (e.g. for clinical trials) so that reviewers and editors can compare the research report to the protocol to check that it was carried out as planned and that no relevant details have been omitted. Researchers should follow relevant requirements for clinical trial registration and should include the trial registration number in all publications arising from the trial.
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com,
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Peer Review
All content of the International Journal of Education and Management Studies is subject to peer-review. The Editor first checks and evaluates the submitted manuscript, examining its fit and quality regarding its significance, manuscript format, research quality. If it is suitable for potential pubication, the Editor directs the manuscript for Plagiarism check, and the minimum similarity acceptable is below 20% without references. After that, editor directs the manuscript to two reviewers, with both being experts in the field. This journal employs double-blind review, wehre the author and referee remains anonymous througout the process. Referees are asked to avaluate whetehr the manuscript is original, makes a theoretical contribution to the study, methodoogy is sound, follos appropriate ethical guidelines, whether the results are clearly presented and sufficient supporting studies are given and support the conclusion. The time for evaluation is approximately one month. The Editor’s decision will be sent to the author with recommendations made by the referees. Revised manuscripts might be returned to the initial referees who may then request another revision of the manuscript. After both reviewer’s feedback, the Editor decides if the manuscript will be rejected, accepted with revision needed or accepted for publication. The Editor’s decision is final. Regerees advise the Editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.
Compaint policy
We ain to respond to and resolve all complaints quickly. All complaints will be acknowledged within a week. For all matters related to the policies, procedures, editorial content, and actions of the editorial staff, the decision of the Editor-in-Chief shall be final. The procedure to make a complaint is easy. It can be made by writing an email to editor: iahrw@iahrw.org
Confict of Interest Policy
Transparency and objectiity in research are essential for publication in this journal. These principles are strictily followed in our peer review process and decision of publication. Manuscript submissions are assigned to reviewers in an effort to minimize potential conflicts of interest. After papers are assigned, individual reviewers are required to inform the editor-in-chief of any conflict.
Pages: 1-9 Parveen Chauhan (Faculty of Management and Commerce, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana) The deregulation in the Indian financial sector, particularly in banking sector is expected to contribute to dramatic changes in the banking sector. In light of these reforms and present environment, this study made an attempt to analyze the Indian banking sector from 1992 to 2011 by taking a sample of 51 commercial banks over the study period in three stages. In first stage, efficiency, banking structural and concentration shift has been measured, second stage tried to find out the determinants of banking efficiency and concentration (bank level & country level) by To bit regression and third stage tried to expose the cause and effect relationship between efficiency and concentration by using Granger-Causality test. Exposed results described that Pages: 1-9
Parveen Chauhan (Faculty of Management and Commerce, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana) |
Pages: 452-455 Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) This paper investigates how socio-economic factors in rural and urban families can affect the behaviour of boys after watching television. It also explores which health problem perceive after a long period of time to be affected by watching T.V. We collected data via survey questionnaire from 100 boys of Bhiwani district of Haryana state in which 50 boys from rural and 50 boys were urban. All boys were from primary school aged between 9 to 12 years old. The majority of boys imitate the character of hero and heroine in rural area while in urban areas majority of boys imitate the character of hero and villain. About health problem after a long period of television viewing depicted that majority of the respondents in rural and urban were feeling health problems. Socio-economic factors had significant impact of imitation of character and health problems. Pages: 452-455
Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana… |
Pages: 446-451 David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean) The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research paper was to examine to what extent a relationship existed between transformational and transactional leadership attributes and corporate rank on the most profitable organizations List published by the Businessuite Magazine. The study included a sample of 20 chief executive officers (CEOs) whose organizations were ranked among the 2015 most profitable organizations in the Caribbean. Study participants completed a mailed self-report survey in the form of an adapted Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, and companies of participants were categorized by profitability and ranked based on the most profitable List. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the relationship between the variables of interest: Transformational and transactional leadership attributes and corporate rank on the most profitable organizations List published by the Businessuite Magazine. The findings of this study indicated no significant relationships between transactional and transformational leadership attributes and corporate ranking for the most profitable companies. However, overall there appears to be a positive correlation between the interaction of transformational and transactional behaviors and rank on the most profitable Caribbean organizations published by the Businessuite magazine. The small sample size was the major confounding factor, and therefore additional research is warranted with a larger sample. Pages: 446-451
David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean) |
Pages: 443-445 Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Jatesh Kathpalia (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) We investigated the patterned of children's television viewing, i.e., with whom children watch television programme, duration without feeling fatigue, parents restraining from television watching, television behavior during a guest/ friend visit and factors affecting the viewing pattern. The study was conducted on 100 boys of Bhiwani district of Haryana state in which 50 boys from rural and 50 boys were urban. The data was analyzed by applying frequency, percentages and chi-square. The study showed majority of the respondents viewed television with their family members, 38.0 per cent of the respondents viewed television up to 2 hrs without feeling any fatigueness, more than two third of the respondents were restrained by their parents. When a guest/friend visit them 54.0 per cent of the respondents continue television viewing in rural areas while urban students pay regards to their guest/friends and calculated chi-square value was significant at 5% level of significance. Pages: 443-445
Vijay Kumar, Vinod Kumari, and Jatesh Kathpalia (Department of Sociology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana… |
Pages: 439-442 Rakesh Rathore (Institute of Agri Business Management, Bikaner, Rajasthan) Subodh Agarwal and Amita Girdhar (CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) Rapeseeds and mustard is one of the most important oilseed crop of the India. It is cultivated across the country. The main objectives of the study was to study area and production of mustard in Hisar district of Haryana. To study the marketing channel of mustard. To study marketing cost and margin of mustard marketing. To study problem faced by farmer in production and marketing of mustard in Hisar district of Haryana. The study area was Hisar district of Haryana. Two block, Hisar block I and Hisar block II was purposively selected, and further 2 villages (8 farmers) from Hisar block I and 3 villages (12 farmers) from Hisar block II was conveniently selected. Total sample size of study was 40 respondent including 20 farmers, 5 wholesalers, 5 processors, 5 retailers, and 5 consumers. The marketing channel is identified in the study are, 1) Producer ->Consumer 2) Producer ->Village Trader ->Wholesaler ->Retailer ->Consumer 3) Producer ->Village Trader ->Wholesaler ->Miller/Oil Expeller ->Consumer 4) Producer ->Miller/Oil Expeller ->consumer. In channel III wholesalers sell their produce to the processors at the rate 37 per kg and total cost incurred by processors was 40 per kg and sell to retailers at the rate 41.50 per kg so processor margin in this channel was 1.50 per kg. Timely credit facilities are required on season for cultivation of Rapeseeds and Mustard. Distress sale and low price of their produce in the market is major constraints faced by the farmers. The highest total difference between marketable surplus and marketed surplus was in Hisar block II followed by Hisar block I. Pages: 439-442
Rakesh Rathore (Institute of Agri Business Management, Bikaner, Rajasthan)
Subodh Agarwal and Amita Girdhar (CCS… |
Pages: 435-438 Arti Kumari, Ritu Singh, Manisha Mehra and Amit Kr. Mishra (Department of Human Development and Family Studies Collage of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar, Uttrakhand) The present study investigated parent-adolescent interaction in families from four different social classes (Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV) of G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Families falling under social class I of the university had parent(s) working as Professor and Associate Professor in the university; those falling under social class II had parent(s) working as Assistant Professor or equivalent and Doctor in the university; those falling under social class III had parent(s) working as Accountant, Supervisor, Lab Technician and Clerk in the university and those falling under social class IV had parent(s) working as Attendant, Driver, Peon, CRC laborer, Gardner and Sweeper. Forty adolescents were randomly selected as respondents from each social class of families making a total of 160 adolescent respondents for the present study.Parent-adolescent interaction was assessed through adolescents' perception on it using standardized PCR scale. In the present study it was seen that adolescents from social class I and social class II perceived their parents, both mothers and fathers to be significantly more protecting; demanding; symbolically punitive; symbolic and object reward giving than those from social class III and social class IV. On the contrary, adolescents from social class III and social class IV reported their parents, both mothers and fathers to be significantly more rejecting, practicing object punishment, neglecting and indifferent than those belonging to social class I and social class II. Hence, higher the social class of a family, higher or better is the education and economic level of the parents and thereby significantly better is the parent-adolescent interaction. Pages: 435-438
Arti Kumari, Ritu Singh, Manisha Mehra and Amit Kr. Mishra (Department of Human Development… |
Pages: 431-434 Ndishimye Pacifique and Habineza Faustin (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Ruhengeri, Rwanda) The aim of this study was to explore students and lecturers' attitudes and views towards active learning strategies (ALS) implemented at the Institute' Enseignement Supérieur de Ruhengeri (INES-Ruhengeri), an Institute of applied sciences in Rwanda. Each class was taught in an active (non-traditional) manner for one course and in a passive (traditional) manner for another course. Several active learning methods (Think-Pair-Share, Card for Active Learning, Cooperative Learning, Supporting all the students, & Expert group) have been implemented during student teaching sessions. Questionnaires and interviews were administrated to students and lecturers, and then data were analysed. The results have shown that 78% of students learn better when the lesson involves ALS and it helps them to understand things better. 58% said that they enjoy lessons more if they involve ALS. It has also been reported (56%) that ALS helps students to communicate and to have better relationships with other classmates. The study has also found that over 82% of the lecturers agree that using ALS have a positive effect on students' performance. This is very encouraging as it will help to improve the teaching and learning of students at INES. About 75% of the lecturers agreed that ALS methods ensure that total participation of students is achieved, integrate the learners' experience and makes students interact in class. Some lecturers (15%) indicated that the class size of students and workload can affect the ability to use ALS. The different findings of this research will probably be useful for other institutes about the best ALS that the academic staff members in developing countries need for their teaching work, especially in the context of applied sciences. Pages: 431-434
Ndishimye Pacifique and Habineza Faustin (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Ruhengeri, Rwanda) |
Pages: 428-430 Swati Mishra (School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) The purpose of the present study was conducted to see the effect of Chronotype and Career Status of Couples on Occupational Stress. Following the disproportional random sampling technique 100 male subjects were selected from considering two characteristics of population, Chronotype (Morning active, Afternoon active, & Evening active) and Career Status (single & dual career status. To assess the Chronotype of the subjects Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Horn & Ostberg, 1976) was used and to measure Occupational Stress the Occupational Stress Index (OSI) (Shrivastava & Singh, 1984) was used. ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that chronotype and career status of couples generate significant effect upon occupational stress of subjects. Occupational Stress of the Ss with Morningness Preference was lower than the Occupational Stress of the Ss with Eveningness Preference. Dual career couples have shown higher Occupational Stress than the Single career couples. No interactional effects of these two factors were found. Therefore, it may be concluded that the career status of couples and morningness-eveningness preference independently generate variance upon Occupational Stress. Pages: 428-430
Swati Mishra (School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) |
Pages: 424-427 Nisha and Seema Rani (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management I.C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar) The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. From selected blocks, seven villages, namely Sulakhni and Balawas from Hisar-I block, Ludas and Patan from Hisar-II block, Dhanakurd, Ramayan, and Beer Hansi from Hansi-I block were selected by random technique. The focus of the study was to analyse the impact assessment of training on processing of milk and milk products on rural schedule caste women. Sufficient knowledge was recorded for all components of milk and milk products and knowledge level of trainees was found high, majority of the respondents had higher knowledge about sweet lassi as evident by their mean score (4.25) followed by cream(4.00), paneer (3.20), flavored milk(3.16), Chhana (2.83) and burfi (1.29). Skill acquisition of respondents was of medium level of the training. Attitude of respondents was found favourable. Pages: 424-427
Nisha and Seema Rani (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management I.C. College of… |
Pages: 411-418 Dilraj Kaur, Mohit Gupta, and Navdeep Aggarwal (Department of School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) The aim of present study is to assess the significant firm specific attributes as important determinants of FII shareholding. Quarterly shareholding values of top 50 shares in terms of FII shareholding collected from 1st April 2010 to 31 st December 2017 was regressed upon by quarterly values of firm specific attributes. The important and significant firm specific attributes were found to be age of company, return on assets, market capitalization, dividend yield, beta of company, net profit margin and issue of ADR/ GDR. Pages: 411-418
Dilraj Kaur, Mohit Gupta, and Navdeep Aggarwal (Department of School of Business Studies, Punjab… |
Pages: 406-410 Manjeet Singh (Sr. Product Manager, Service Now USA) Healthcare is a sector that touches all of us, given the most basic of human goals: we all want to lead healthy lives. This paper covers how Artificial Intelligence; Blockchain and Cloud Computing technologies are going to accelerate innovation and revolutionize the healthcare industry. As these technologies converge, we are about to see the unprecedented rise of personalized, intelligent healthcare that is available everywhere at a low cost. The convergence of AI-powered faster research and drug discovery, mobile healthcare and support, use of AR/VR for medical training, personalized medicines based on health data from sensors planted in the human body can provide tailor treatments to an individual's genomic makeup. This paper explores how using AI/ML, Cloud, Blockchain, Sensors are enabling: Personalized medicine, Delocalized care and the new phase of intelligent detection and prevention. Pages: 406-410
Manjeet Singh (Sr. Product Manager, Service Now USA) |
Pages: 403-405 Rijul Sihag (Department of Sociology, CR Law College, Hisar, Haryana) One third of the world's poor reside in India and about 87 percent of the poorest households do not have access to credit. For the development of a country and sustainability, it is important to focus on empowering women. In order to improve the socio-economic conditions of the population of any country, it has become important to empower women economically by enhancing their role to the utmost level. Women Empowerment refers to an increase in the strength of women such as spiritual, political, social or economic. The empowerment of women through micro-financing leads to benefits not only to the individual women, but also for the family and community as a whole through collective action for development. Microfinance is emerging as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation in the new economy. It refers to collection of banking practices built around providing small loans and accepting tiny deposits. The loans are offered to individuals who belong to the low-income group for income-generation purposes. All the government and non-governmental organizations are running various projects to uplift women. The job of these institutions doesn't end with just providing loans. They also stick to the borrower till they are capable to run their businesses on their own. As a result, large ratio of women has started small scale business from their homes and became role models to women in their communities. So, it is on record that the success rate of the micro-financing institutions in India is very high and these institutions are growing with every passing day. The more successful the micro-financing institutions will be in India, more will be the improvement rate of the poor section in the country. Pages: 403-405
Rijul Sihag (Department of Sociology, CR Law College, Hisar, Haryana) |
