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Pages: 20-24
Navjot Kaur, Pratibha Goyal, and Manjeet Kaur (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Collective beliefs, values and practices that distinguish one organisation from another form an integral part of work culture. It is generally considered that work culture is a driving force to improve employee satisfaction which means the extent to which employee's feels happy, self- motivated and contented with the jobs. The study was carried out to analyse the relationship between work culture and the job satisfaction experienced by employees in the Banking sector. Primary data regarding various components of work culture and employee satisfaction was collected from the sample of respondents working in selected branches of public and private sector banks in Ludhiana city of Punjab. The study found that work culture had a direct relationship with satisfaction of employees. Employee involvement in organisational decision making process, teamwork, information sharing, clear understanding of job, innovative environment and role clarity improved the level of employee satisfaction. There was a moderate level of relationship between these two components both in public and private sector banks .
Pages: 20-24 Navjot Kaur, Pratibha Goyal, and Manjeet Kaur (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University…
Pages: 15-19
Harvinder Kaur, Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Health is a main determinant of human development as it has socio-economic relationship with the quality of life. The right of health is the most basic of all human rights. The study was conducted in two villages of Fatehabad district of Haryana State through simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interview schedule and analyzed with suitable statistical techniques. Majority of women belonged to young age group (42.5%), general caste (50.00%), joint family (50.8%), medium size family (56.7%) and were married (99.2%) and educated up to high school (38.3%). Specific knowledge and nutritional deficiency knowledge was found moderate to low. There was significant impact of various socio- economic factors on health status of rural women. The findings pointed out that there is urgent need to educate women about their own health and increase their knowledge about specific and nutritional deficiencies.
Pages: 15-19 Harvinder Kaur, Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University…
Pages: 12-14
Ashok Kumar (Directorate of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
P. S. Shehrawat (Department of Extn. Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana
Anil Malik (Senior Research Fellow, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Rajesh Kumar (DTPO O/o ADP, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) K K Yadav and Rakesh Kumar ( DEE, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Virender Singh (ATIC, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

In the course of agriculture revolution, the availability of improved varieties of oilseeds, cereals, pulses and other crops, horticultural planting materials, diagnostic services, breeds of livestock poultry and fisheries, information through audio-visual aids and consultancy service are essential for the overall development of farming community. Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC) is established to provide such a mechanism beyond individual units of research information. The study was conducted in Haryana state in the year of 2016-17. Approximately 400 farmers/ callers call on the toll free number of ATIC per month. Majority of the callers were from Haryana state. The main objectives of study were to identify the cotton growers, count the major problem and feedback from cotton grower callers who use ATIC toll free number, The present paper Perception, Perceived Utility and Implications Suggested by the Cotton Growers Callers on ATIC, toll free number. Findings show that the overall Opinion of cotton grower caller were usefull (42.50%) followed by very useful (28.75%) of ATIC toll free Number of CCS HAU, Hisar. While 82.50 percent of cotton grower caller were willingness to call again to ATIC toll free Number of CCS HAU, Hisar
Pages: 12-14 Ashok Kumar (Directorate of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) P. S. Shehrawat…
Pages: 9-11
Poppy Gogoi and Sampreety Gogoi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam

The process of procreation is a way of beginning a new life which needsto be maintained to prevent extinction of mankind. Even though India is the first country to launch a National family planning programme in 1952 but population explosion is still a major problem in the country. The study was conducted to assess the attitude of people towards having small family and importance of population education and to assess if any difference exist between the attitude of rural and urban people regarding having small family and importance of population education. The sample consisted of 100 married couples from urban and rural areas. From the total sample of 100, 50 respondent from rural areas and 50 respondents from urban areas were selected randomly. Data were collected by using a standardized tool “Attitude Scale towards Small Family and Population Education” prepared by (Sodhi & Sharma, 2011). The result revealed that all the people had positive attitude towards having small family and importance of population education and there was no difference between the attitude of rural and urban people regarding having small family and importance of population education which is significant at 0.05% level ofsignificance.
Pages: 9-11 Poppy Gogoi and Sampreety Gogoi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of…
Pages: 1-8
Mollaw Abraha (Education and Behavioral Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia, East Africa)
Amera Seifu and Asrat Dagnew (Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, East Africa)

This paper examined the current status of general secondary school (GSS) science teachers' gender-responsive pedagogy (GRP) practices. It also assessed the GRP practicing status of the teachers with the function of their sex and teaching experience. To realize this, a convergent parallel mixed-methods design (cross-sectional survey & case study) was employed. The required data were gathered from teachers, department heads, school principals, and students via questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion (FGD). Data analysis techniques such as one sample and independent t-tests, and one way ANOVA were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data also narrated thematically by taking into account the issues raised in the research questions. By so doing, the findings revealed that science teachers were competent in their classroom organization and interaction, and in tackling sexual harassment. On the contrary, they were ineffective to have gender-fair lesson plans, teaching materials, and they also were weak to treat sexual maturation. In another way, teachers' characteristics such as sex, and teaching experience did not affect their GRP practices.
Pages: 1-8 Mollaw Abraha (Education and Behavioral Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia, East Africa) Amera Seifu and Asrat…
Pages: 113-119
Solomon Melesse and Mulugeta Yayeh (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, East Africa)

The purpose of this article was to explore some valuable lessons and experiences that have relevance for the field of education and its professionals. Thus, a critical analysis and reflection is made on some selected issues that were addressed in Thomas Kuhn's book entitled The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Based on these analyses and reflections, the lessons that need to be considered by educators are discussed at length. In this article, we argue that, the book entitled The Structure of Scientific Revolutions has at least four valuable implications for educators. These are; the need to revisit the current challenges of educational research, the need to strive for paradigm shifts in some educational theories and thoughts, the need to revitalize textbook writing, and the need to reconsider the implications of the two terms, i.e., science and scientist in the field of education.

Keywords: educational research, paradigm shift, revolution, science, scientific revolution, textbook
Pages: 113-119 Solomon Melesse and Mulugeta Yayeh (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, College of…
Pages: 110-112
Alisha Chauhan and Sukhmani (School of Business Studies, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Entrepreneurship is a complex word which in reality need not be that complex. A small set-up can bring about employment for many and a small external help can guide people through the normal present towards a great future. This article is about a newly started agri-based enterprise and how it helped in uplifting others' lives economically as well as socially. 'Nishchey Rural Mart' is an agri-based start-up, established with the help of Reliance Foundation Information Services programme, helping others start their business along.

Keywords: entrepreneurship, set-up, agri-based enterprise, etc.
Pages: 110-112 Alisha Chauhan and Sukhmani (School of Business Studies, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Pages: 106-109
Kassa Gulie Worku and Solomon Melesse (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, College of Education and Behavioural Sciences Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, East Africa)

The present study focuses on critical analysis of diversity inclusion strategies reflected in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopian constitution adopted in 1995. Specifically, the main intent of the study was to examine whether or not the constitution addresses diversity issues in the country. Hence, the study tried to explore the inclusion of societal diverse interests in the constitution by considering the context of many dimensional diversity issues of the society in the nation. The units of analysis, thus, include articles and sub articles of the document. These units of analyses were included in the analysis of the document as long as the articles and sub articles refer to issues such as diversities on ethnicity, gender, nationalities, language, culture and religion. Furthermore articles and sub articles in the document were critically examined in search of different expressions that deal with the diversity issues on one hand or on the other, followed by the interpretation of the meanings and messages manifested through words or phrases such as equality, recognition, empowerment, valuing, tolerance, respect, diversities, appreciation of differences, mutual understanding, conflict management and resolution, mutual coexistence and others related to these themes. Finally based on major findings solicited, conclusion and recommendation were forwarded.

Keywords: multicultural education, diversity, conflict management, integration, coexistence
Pages: 106-109 Kassa Gulie Worku and Solomon Melesse (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, College…
Pages: 102-105
Richa Tiwari (Department of English, Govt. Modal Science College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh)

According to Mahatma Gandhi, “English is the language of international commerce, diplomacy and it contains a rich literary treasure.” English is a language which is treated as a world language because of its great reach and influence all over the world. In the present world of globalization and industrialization the ratio of people communicating in English is increasing at a fast pace. In the education system of India English introduced from primary schools to learn this language requires constant practice and patience the kind of feelings that it arouses it is not possible for a non English speaker to achieve fluency or mastery. English occupies a place of prestige in India, even after more than six decades since the Britishers left us. No indigenous language however has come up to replace English, either as a medium of communication or as an official language. For many decades English has been taught in our school and colleges. It occupies the second language in the school curriculum and for the higher education. Teaching English to the Indian student is the biggest challenge. This is so because of the large population of the country, bleak economic conditions, the cultural and social diversities and insufficient men and material. One of the main reasons for the poor standard of English is lack of clear cut policy. There have been frequent changes in the policy of government towards the teaching and learning of English. Most of the Indian students do not get adequate opportunities either to listen to or speak in English. This naturally results in a poor competence in the language. This paper is attempt to trace an over view on English language learning and the challenges face by the Indian students and people and what are the necessities of English language in present world.

Keywords: L1- First language, L2- Second language, ELT (English language teaching)
Pages: 102-105 Richa Tiwari (Department of English, Govt. Modal Science College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh)
Pages: 98-101
Somy Thettayil and Rosalito De Guzman (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

The aim of the present study was to qualitatively analyze upper primary school teachers' perspectives about the behavior problems of aggressive boys in the class room. Among the different types of qualitative research methods, phenomenology design was used in the study. The participants of the group interview were chosen purposively based on their class levels in which they teach. The data collected by using group interview technique. In phenomenological method thematic analysis includes coding, categorizing and making sense of the crucial meanings of the phenomenon. This study revealed that aggressive boys mainly experience expressive, inexpressive and relational issues and they felt difficulties in coping with these types of cognitive and social issues.

Keywords: aggression, perspectives, upper primary school teachers
Pages: 98-101 Somy Thettayil and Rosalito De Guzman (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila…
Pages: 92-97
Berhanu Asress (Faculty of Humanities, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, East Africa)

This study investigated the effects of reciprocal teaching (using its basic reading strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying & summarizing) on EFL students' reading comprehension and the challenges that EFL teacher and students face during the intervention in a large class. Fifty-six grade 9 EFL students (intact group selected from ten sections using a lottery) at Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia, took the intervention for eight weeks. The reciprocal teaching instruction was delivered by the researcher in a whole class setting. Eight expository texts representing a range of topics which were selected from Grade 9 student textbook currently in use but were independent of the topics that have been covered earlier by their classroom teacher have been used for the intervention. The participants took pre-test and post-test measures of reading comprehension passage. Paired samples t-test was used to compare group means of the two scores obtained (i.e., before-after intervention means). The results indicated that there was statistically a significant difference in students' reading comprehension after the reciprocal teaching intervention.

Keywords: reciprocal teaching, reading comprehension, modeling, guided practice
Pages: 92-97 Berhanu Asress (Faculty of Humanities, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, East Africa)
Pages: 84-91
Solomon Mellese (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, Bahir Dar University Ethiopia, East Africa)
Belaynesh Kassanew (Department of Mathematics Education, Bahir Dar University Ethiopia, East Africa)

This study aimed to describe how balancing model can support students' understanding of linear equations with one variable. This article is a part of a larger study on learning design of linear equations with one variable using algebra tiles combined with balancing model. To achieve this research objective, design-based research approach was chosen. The target population of the study was grade five students at Bahir Dar town one governmental primary school. From this population, the participants of the study were grade five section A students randomly selected. The data were gathered through test and classroom observation and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings showed that most students performed better in the post-test as compared to the pre-test, and most students have developed more flexible strategies to solve linear equation after a series of learning attempts through balancing model. Therefore, teaching through balancing model method has developed students' conceptual understanding of linear equation. So in order to develop students understanding of mathematics concept, mathematics educators' should design and implement continuous professional development program for primary school teachers in order to improve their pedagogical skills and re-design primary school curricular materials in such a way that they could smoothly integrated into the student's real-life situations. Keywords: balancing model, linear equation, conceptual understanding
Pages: 84-91 Solomon Mellese (Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, Bahir Dar University Ethiopia, East…
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